different between vulgate vs vulgar

English

Etymology

From Latin vulg?tus, past participle of vulg? (“publish, make common, cheapen”).

Pronunciation

• (adjective, noun) IPA^(key): /?v?l?e?t/, /?v?l??t/
• (verb) IPA^(key): /v?l??e?t/

Adjective

vulgate (comparative more vulgate, superlative most vulgate)

1. (archaic) Made common, published for common use, vulgarized.
2. (of a text, especially the Bible, not comparable) In or pertaining to the common version or edition.

Noun

vulgate (plural vulgates)

1. The vernacular language of a people.
   • 1988, Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities Journal, page 96:

     The linguistic and socio-historical evidence herein examined suggests that the development of Coptic occurred in Ptolemaic Egypt, not only as a spoken vulgate in the Delta, but as a script produced through […]

   • 1995, William A. Katz, Dahl's history of the book, page 89:

     They might speak the local vulgate among themselves, and certainly among those they were trying to reach outside of the monastery, but read and spoke Latin for religious and official events.

   • 2004, Cornelius Cosgrove and Nancy Barta-Smith, In Search of Eloquence, page 187:

     English sentences were often described in ways more appropriate to Latin than to the spoken vulgate (Lindemann 78-79).

   • 2011, Abbas Amanat and Michael Ezekiel Gasper, Is There a Middle East?, page 153:

     Originally destined for settlements throughout India, these documents exhibit a wide range of rhetorical conventions and writing styles, combining in varying proportions the local idiom, the spoken vulgate, and the classical form of their writers' language.

2. (of a text, especially the Bible) A common version or edition.

Verb

vulgate (third-person singular simple present vulgates, present participle vulgating, simple past and past participle vulgated)

1. To publish, spread, promulgate to the people.

Related terms

• vulgation

References

• “vulgate”, in OED Online ?, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000

French

Noun

vulgate f (plural vulgates)

1. Common and widespread popular saying

Further reading

• “vulgate” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Italian

Noun

vulgate f

1. plural of vulgata

Latin

Verb

vulg?te

1. second-person plural present active imperative of vulg?

References

• vulgate in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• vulgate in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette

English

Alternative forms

• (early modern English): vulgare

Etymology

Borrowed into Middle English from Latin vulg?ris, from volgus, vulgus (“mob; common folk”), from Proto-Indo-European *wl?k- (compare Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”), Ancient Greek ???? (halía, “assembly”) ????? (eilé?, “to compress”), Old Church Slavonic ?????? (velik?, “great”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?v?l.??/
• (US) enPR: v?l?g?r, IPA^(key): /?v?l.??/

Adjective

vulgar (comparative more vulgar or vulgarer, superlative most vulgar or vulgarest)

1. Debased, uncouth, distasteful, obscene.
   • The construction worker made a vulgar suggestion to the girls walking down the street.
2. (classical sense) Having to do with ordinary, common people.
   • 1834-1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent.

     The mechanical process of multiplying books had brought the New Testament in the vulgar tongue within the reach of every class.

   • 1860, G. Syffarth, "A Remarkable Seal in Dr. Abbott's Museum at New York", Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, age 265

     Further, the same sacred name in other monuments precedes the vulgar name of King Takellothis, the sixth of the XXII. Dyn., as we have seen.

3. (especially taxonomy) Common, usual; of the typical kind.

   the vulgar bush brown, Bicyclus vulgaris

   • 1869, Richard Francis Burton, The Highlands of the Brazil, page 85:

     A vulture (V. aura), probably the Acabiry first described by Azara, is here called […] the hunter. It resembles in form the vulgar bird, but it flies high. The head is red, and the wings are black with silver lining, like the noble Bateleur of Africa.

Synonyms

• (obscene): inappropriate, obscene, debased, uncouth, offensive, ignoble, mean, profane
• (ordinary): common, ordinary, popular

Derived terms

• (obscene): vulgarity, vulgarian
• (ordinary): vulgar fraction, vulgate, Vulgate
• vulgar fraction
• Vulgar Latin
• Vulgar Era

Translations

Noun

vulgar (plural vulgars)

1. (classicism) A common, ordinary person.
   • 2016, Evan Gottlieb, Juliet Shields, Representing Place in British Literature and Culture, 1660-1830

     Popular antiquarian writings […] frequently focused on the regional vulgars' superstitious beliefs regarding the dead and their ongoing presence—such as popular funeral rites or the vulgars' fear of church yards.

2. (collective) The common people.
3. The vernacular tongue or common language of a country.

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin vulg?ris.

Adjective

vulgar (masculine and feminine plural vulgars)

1. vulgar

Derived terms

• vulgarment

Related terms

• vulgaritat

Further reading

• “vulgar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Galician

Etymology

From Latin vulg?ris.

Adjective

vulgar m or f (plural vulgares)

1. common to the people, vulgar
2. ordinary, undistinguished
3. popular, commonly understood, as opposed to scientific or technical
4. simple, unintelligent

Synonyms

• (ordinary): prosaico
• (popular): común, popular

Antonyms

• (popular): científico, técnico

Related terms

• vulgaridade
• vulgarismo
• vulgo

Further reading

• “vulgar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin vulg?ris.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /vu?.??a?/
• Hyphenation: vul?gar

Adjective

vulgar (plural vulgares, comparable)

1. common to the people, vulgar
2. ordinary, undistinguished

   Synonym: prosaico

3. popular, commonly understood, as opposed to scientific or technical

   Synonyms: comum, popular

4. simple, unintelligent

Antonyms

• (popular): científico, técnico

Related terms

• vulgaridade
• vulgarismo
• vulgo

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French vulgaire, Latin vulgaris.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vul??ar/

Adjective

vulgar m or n (feminine singular vulgar?, masculine plural vulgari, feminine and neuter plural vulgare)

1. vulgar

Declension

Synonyms

• grosolan
• ordinar
• comun

Related terms

• vulg

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin vulg?ris.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bul??a?/, [bul???a?]

Adjective

vulgar (plural vulgares)

1. vulgar

Derived terms

Related terms

• vulgo
• vulgaridad

Further reading

• “vulgar” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.