different between voluntary vs incommunicado

English

Etymology

From Middle English *voluntarie, from Old French volontaire, from Latin volunt?rius (“willing, of free will”), from volunt?s (“will, choice, desire”), from vol?ns, present participle of volo (“to will”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?v?.l?n.t?i/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?v?.l?n?t?.?i/
• Hyphenation: vol?un?ta?ry

Adjective

voluntary (comparative more voluntary, superlative most voluntary)

1. Done, given, or acting of one's own free will.
   • September 10, 1828, Nathaniel William Taylor, Sermon delivered in the Chapel of Yale College

     That sin or guilt pertains exclusively to voluntary action is the true principle of orthodoxy.
2. Done by design or intention; intentional.

   If a man accidentally kills another by lopping a tree, it is not voluntary manslaughter.

3. Working or done without payment.
4. Endowed with the power of willing.
5. Of or relating to voluntarism.

   a voluntary church, in distinction from an established or state church

Synonyms

• (acting of one's own free will): discretionary, optional, volitional; See also Thesaurus:optional
• (done by design or intention): intentional, willful
• (done without payment): honorary, pro bono, unpaid, unsalaried, unwaged
• (endowed with the power of willing): autonomous, spontaneous

Antonyms

• (all): involuntary
• (acting of one's own free will): compulsory, obligatory; See also Thesaurus:compulsory
• (done by design or intention): accidental
• (done without payment): paid, salaried

Derived terms

• voluntarily
• voluntary aided school
• voluntary controlled school
• voluntary manslaughter

Related terms

• voluntarism
• voluntarist

Translations

Adverb

voluntary (comparative more voluntary, superlative most voluntary)

1. (obsolete) Voluntarily.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.4:

     And all that els was pretious and deare, / The sea unto him voluntary brings [...].

Noun

voluntary (plural voluntaries)

1. (music) A short piece of music, often having improvisation, played on a solo instrument.
2. A volunteer.
3. A supporter of voluntarism; a voluntarist.

English

Etymology

From Spanish incomunicado, with spelling influenced by such English words as communicate.

Pronunciation

(General American) IPA^(key): [?nk?mjun??k??do?]

Adjective

incommunicado (not comparable)

1. In a state or condition of inability or unwillingness to communicate.
   • 2007, "Dreadful news awaits housemate", Times Online, London, 25 May (retrieved 29 June 2007),

     The father of a woman living in the incommunicado world of the Big Brother house in Australia has died but his daughter has not been told.

   • 2017, "Hurricane Maria Does ‘Mind-Boggling’ Damage to Dominica, Leader Says", The New York Times, Mexico City, 19 August (retrieved 21 August 2017),

     As the storm, described by the National Hurricane Center as “potentially catastrophic,” moved toward the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico on Tuesday, little could be learned about the conditions on Dominica. By early Tuesday morning, phone and internet signals on Dominica appeared to be down, leaving the island virtually incommunicado.

Hyponyms

• off the grid

Adverb

incommunicado (not comparable)

1. In a manner in which communication with outsiders is not possible, for either voluntary or involuntary reasons, especially due to confinement or reclusiveness.
   • 2004, Ben Westhoff, "Making Traks," Riverfront Times, St. Louis MO, 7 Apr,

     The Starz seem most comfortable when they're in the studio, where they can work incommunicado.

References

• incommunicado at OneLook Dictionary Search
• Random House Webster's Unabridged Electronic Dictionary, 1987-1996.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English incommunicado.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in.k?.my.ni.ka.do/

Adverb

incommunicado

1. incommunicado