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elf
English
Alternative forms
- elve (obsolete)
Etymology
From Middle English elf, from Old English ielf, ælf, from Proto-West Germanic *albi, from Proto-Germanic *albiz. Ultimately probably derived from Proto-Indo-European *h?elb?ós (“white”). Doublet of oaf.
Pronunciation
- enPR: ?lf, IPA(key): /?lf/
- Rhymes: -?lf
Noun
elf (plural elves)
- (Norse mythology) A luminous spirit presiding over nature and fertility and dwelling in the world of Álfheim (Elfland). Compare angel, nymph, fairy.
- Any from a race of mythical, supernatural beings resembling but seen as distinct from human beings. They are usually delicate-featured and skilled in magic or spellcrafting; sometimes depicted as clashing with dwarves, especially in modern fantasy literature.
- (fantasy) Any of the magical, typically forest-guarding races bearing some similarities to the Norse álfar (through Tolkien's Eldar).
- A very diminutive person; a dwarf.
- (South Africa) The bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix).
Synonyms
- (supernatural creature): See goblin (hostile); fairy (small, mischievous)
Hyponyms
- elfe
- elven
- wood elf, wood-elf
Derived terms
Related terms
- elfin, elven, elvan
- elvish
Descendants
- ? Dutch: elf
- ? German: Elf, Elfe
- ? Japanese: ??? (erufu)
- ? Korean: ?? (elpeu)
Translations
Verb
elf (third-person singular simple present elfs, present participle elfing, simple past and past participle elfed)
- (now rare) To twist into elflocks (of hair); to mat.
- c. 1605, William Shakespeare, King Lear
- My face I'll grime with filth, blanket my loins, elf all my hairs in knots, and with presented nakedness outface the winds and persecutions of the sky.
- c. 1605, William Shakespeare, King Lear
See also
- dark elf & light elf
- fairy
- brownie
- dwarf
- hobbit
- Eldar
References
- Marshall Jones Company (1930). Mythology of All Races Series, Volume 2 Eddic, Great Britain: Marshall Jones Company, 1930, pp. 220-221.
Anagrams
- EFL
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch elf, from Middle Dutch ellef, elf, from Old Dutch *ellef, from Proto-Germanic *ainalif.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?lf/
Numeral
elf
- eleven
Catalan
Noun
elf m (plural elfs)
- elf
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [??lf]
Noun
elf m
- elf
Declension
Derived terms
- elfí
Further reading
- elf in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
- elf in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?l(?)f/
- Hyphenation: elf
- Rhymes: -?lf
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch ellef, elf, from Old Dutch *ellef, from Proto-Germanic *ainalif, a compound of *ainaz and *-lif. Compare German elf, West Frisian alve, English eleven, Danish elleve.
Numeral
elf
- eleven
Noun
elf f (plural elven, diminutive elfje n)
- The number eleven, or a representation thereof.
Descendants
- Afrikaans: elf
Etymology 2
Borrowed from German Elf, itself borrowed from English elf, from Old English ælf, from Proto-West Germanic *albi, from Proto-Germanic *albiz. Displaced native alf, from the same Germanic source.
Noun
elf m (plural elfen or elven, diminutive elfje n, feminine elve or elfin)
- elf, brownie (small folkloric creature)
- (fantasy) elf (humanoid pointy-eared creature in fantasy)
Synonyms
- (mythical being): alf
Derived terms
- boself
- elfenbank
- elfin
- kerstelf
- woudelf
Anagrams
- fel
- lef
Dutch Low Saxon
Etymology
From Low German, from Middle Low German elvene, from Old Saxon ellevan. Related to German elf.
Numeral
elf
- eleven (11)
German
Alternative forms
- eilf, eilff, eylff (dated/obsolete)
Etymology
From Middle High German einlif, eilef, elf, from Old High German einlif, from Proto-Germanic *ainalif, a compound of *ainaz and *-lif. Compare Dutch elf, West Frisian alve, English eleven, Danish elleve.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??lf/
Numeral
elf
- eleven
Coordinate terms
Derived terms
- Elf
- elffach
- Elfeck
- elfeckig
- elfstellig
- elfstündig
Further reading
- “elf” in Duden online
German Low German
Alternative forms
- eleve, ölve, ölven
Etymology
From Middle Low German elvene, from Old Saxon ellevan.
Numeral
elf
- eleven
Maltese
Etymology
From Arabic ?????? (?alf).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?lf/
Numeral
elf m or f (dual elfejn, plural eluf or elufijiet, paucal elef)
- thousand
Middle English
Alternative forms
- elfe, helfe
Etymology
From Old English elf, Anglian form of ælf, from Proto-West Germanic *albi, from Proto-Germanic *albiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h?elb?ós (“white”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?lf/
Noun
elf (plural elves)
- elf, fairy
- spirit, shade
Related terms
- elven
- elvyssh
Descendants
- English: elf (see there for further descendants)
- Scots: elf
- Yola: elf
References
- “elf, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-12.
Pennsylvania German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??lf/
Etymology
From Rhine Franconian, from Old High German einlif. Compare German elf, Dutch elf, English eleven.
Numeral
elf
- eleven
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?lf/
Noun
elf m anim
- elf, mythical or fantasy creature
Declension
Usage notes
The plural for the Tolkien creatures is usually elfowie.
Romanian
Etymology
From French elfe.
Noun
elf m (plural elfi)
- elf
Declension
Yola
Etymology
From Middle English elf, from Old English ielf, from Proto-West Germanic *albi.
Noun
elf (plural elvès)
- fairy
References
- Jacob Poole (1867) , William Barnes, editor, A glossary, with some pieces of verse, of the old dialect of the English colony in the baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, J. Russell Smith, ?ISBN
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