different between virus vs virulent

English

Wikispecies

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin v?rus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). First use in the computer context by David Gerrold in his 1972 book When HARLIE Was One.

Pronunciation

• enPR: v??r?s, IPA^(key): /?va???s/
• Rhymes: -a???s

Noun

virus (countable and uncountable, plural viruses or virusses or (rare) vira or (proscribed) viri or (proscribed) virii)

1. A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.
   • 2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 64)

     Viruses are the smallest and most simplified forms of life.
2. (informal, metonymically) A disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.

3. (archaic) Venom, as produced by a poisonous animal etc.
4. (computing) A type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data; also computer virus.
5. (computing, proscribed) Any type of malware.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:virus

Hypernyms

• (computing): malware

Hyponyms

• DNA virus
• RNA virus

Derived terms

Descendants

• Japanese: ???? (bairasu)
• Korean: ???? (baireoseu)

Translations

See also

• prion

Further reading

• Plural of virus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Virus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Computer virus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Virus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies

Asturian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

1. virus

Azerbaijani

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin virus.

Noun

virus (definite accusative virusu, plural viruslar)

1. (medicine) virus (DNA/RNA causing disease)
2. (computing) computer virus

Declension

Further reading

• “virus” in Obastan.com.

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?vi.?us/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /?bi.?us/

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

1. virus

Related terms

• viral
• víric

Cornish

Pronunciation

• (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): [?vi?r?s]
• (Revived Late Cornish) IPA^(key): [?vi?r?z]

Noun

virus m (plural virusys)

1. virus

References

• Cornish-English Dictionary from Maga's Online Dictionary
• 2018, Akademi Kernewek Gerlyver Kernewek (FSS) Cornish Dictionary (SWF) (2018 edition, p.190)

Czech

Alternative forms

• vir

Etymology

From Latin virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?v?rus]

Noun

virus m inan

1. virus (submicroscopic, non-cellular structure)
2. virus (type of computer malware)

Declension

Related terms

• virolog
• virologický
• virologie
• virový
• virální
• antivirový
• zavirovat
• odvirovat

Further reading

• virus in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• virus in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989
• virus in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus c or n (singular definite virussen or virusset, plural indefinite virus or virusser or vira, plural definite virussene or virusserne or viraene)

1. virus

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin v?rus. Coined in the virological sense by Martinus Beijerinck; the word had been previously used for pathogens, although not for viruses in the modern sense. The computing sense derives from English virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?vi?.r?s/
• Hyphenation: vi?rus

Noun

virus n (plural virussen, diminutive virusje n)

1. (microbiology) virus, microscopic germ type
2. (computer science) virus, infectious software

Usage notes

Like most Latin borrowings, this word kept its original Latin gender (neuter); it is one of the few Dutch words ending in -us which is not masculine; cf. also corpus and opus. Marginally, use as a masculine noun is sometimes erroneously encountered, indeed based on the ending.

Derived terms

- virus organisms

Related terms

• viroloog

Finnish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??irus/, [??irus?]
• IPA^(key): /??i?rus/, [??i?rus?] (proscribed)
• Rhymes: -irus
• Syllabification: vi?rus

Noun

virus

1. virus
2. (computer security) virus

Declension

Anagrams

• virsu

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vi.?ys/

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

1. virus

Derived terms

Further reading

• “virus” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Galician

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus (“poison, slime, venom”).

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

1. virus (pathogen)
2. computer virus

Indonesian

Etymology

• From Dutch virus, from Latin v?rus, from rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Doublet of bisa.
• The computing sense is a semantic loan from English virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?vir?s]
• Hyphenation: vi?rus

Noun

virus (plural virus-virus, first-person possessive virusku, second-person possessive virusmu, third-person possessive virusnya)

1. virus,
   1. (biology) a submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism.
   2. (computing) a type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data; also computer virus.

Further reading

• “virus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Noun

virus (plural viruses)

1. virus

Related terms

• virusal

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?vi.rus/

Noun

virus m (invariable)

1. (virology) virus

Further reading

• virus in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Ladino

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?virus/

Noun

virus m (Latin spelling)

1. virus

Latin

Etymology

Via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). Cognates include Sanskrit ??? (vi?á), Ancient Greek ??? (iós), from an older form ????? : wisós; Tocharian B wase, and Middle Irish fí. The neuter gender of this term despite its nominative singular ending in the masculine second-declension -us is a relic of this term's inheritance from a neuter s-stem.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?u?i?.rus/, [?u?i???s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?vi.rus/, [?vi??us]

Noun

v?rus n sg (genitive v?r?); second declension

1. A stinking, or rammish smell.
2. The seed or nature in animals.
3. A nasty taste.
4. Poison, venom.
5. Bitterness, sharpness.
6. The juice of the purple-fish.
7. A strong smell of spices or perfumes.
8. slimy liquid, slime
9. (New Latin) virus (infectious organism)

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter, nominative/accusative/vocative in -us), singular only.

• There is also the heteroclitic genitive singular v?r?s.
• When used in modern biology with the same meaning of English virus, a plural can be formed using the same suffixes of regular neuters of the 2nd. declension (i.e., v?ra, v?r?rum, v?r?s, v?ra, v?r?s, v?ra):

Second-declension noun (neuter, nominative/accusative/vocative plural in -a).

Synonyms

• (poison): ven?num

Derived terms

• v?r?sus
• v?rulentus
• v?rus cor?n?rium

Descendants

References

• virus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• virus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• virus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
• virus in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Anagrams

• rivus

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

virus

1. virus

Inflection

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa or virusene)

1. a virus
2. a computer virus (see datavirus)

References

• “virus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus n (definite singular viruset, indefinite plural virus, definite plural virusa)

1. a virus
2. a computer virus (see datavirus)

References

• “virus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French virus, Latin virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?virus/
• Rhymes: -irus
• Hyphenation: vi?rus

Noun

virus n (plural virusuri)

1. virus

Declension

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

vírus m (Cyrillic spelling ??????)

1. (medicine) virus (DNA/RNA causing disease)
2. (computing) computer virus

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?bi?us/, [?bi.?us]
• Rhymes: -i?us
• Hyphenation: vi?rus

Noun

virus m (plural virus)

1. virus
2. computer virus

Derived terms

• antivirus
• viral
• vírico
• virulento

Further reading

• “virus” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin virus.

Noun

virus n

1. virus

Declension

English

Etymology

From Middle English virulent (“leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)”) [and other forms], borrowed from Latin v?rulentus (“poisonous”), from v?rus (“poison; venom; slime, slimy liquid; stinking smell; nasty taste”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison; slime; fluidity”)) + -ulentus (suffix meaning ‘abounding in, full of’, forming adjectives).

Sense 4 (“of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis”) is derived from French virulent, which was first used in this sense by the French biologist François Jacob (1920–2013) and his co-authors in a 1953 article.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?v??(j)?l(?)nt/, /-?(j)?-/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?v??(j)?l?nt/
• Hyphenation: vi?ru?lent

Adjective

virulent (comparative more virulent, superlative most virulent)

1. Of animals, plants, or substances: extremely venomous or poisonous.

   Antonyms: harmless, nonvirulent

2. (figuratively) Extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious.
   • c. 1515–1516, published 1568, John Skelton, Again?t venemous tongues enpoy?oned with ?claunder and fal?e detractions &c.:

     More venemous and much more virulent / Then any poy?oned tode, or any ?erpent.
3. (medicine) Of a disease or disease-causing agent: highly infectious, malignant, or deadly.

   Antonyms: benign, nonvirulent

4. (microbiology) Of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis. [from 1953]

Derived terms

Related terms

• virulence
• virulency (dated)
• virus

Translations

See also

• pathogenic

References

Further reading

• virulence on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• evil turn

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin v?rulentus.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /vi.?u?lent/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /bi.?u?len/

Adjective

virulent (feminine virulenta, masculine plural virulents, feminine plural virulentes)

1. virulent

Derived terms

• virulentament

Related terms

• virulència

Further reading

• “virulent” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “virulent” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “virulent” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “virulent” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Danish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

virulent (plural and definite singular attributive virulente)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Further reading

• “virulent” in Den Danske Ordbog

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin virulentus. The second sense is probably a semantic loan from English.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vi.?y.l??/

Adjective

virulent (feminine singular virulente, masculine plural virulents, feminine plural virulentes)

1. (medicine) virulent
2. virulent (hostile)

Derived terms

• virulemment

Related terms

• virulence

Further reading

• “virulent” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

German

Etymology

From Latin virulentus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vi?u?l?nt/
• Hyphenation: vi?ru?lent

Adjective

virulent (not comparable)

1. (medicine) virulent

Declension

Further reading

• “virulent” in Duden online

Romanian

Etymology

From French virulent, from Latin virulentus.

Adjective

virulent m or n (feminine singular virulent?, masculine plural virulen?i, feminine and neuter plural virulente)

1. virulent

Declension