different between virulent vs superflu

English

Etymology

From Middle English virulent (“leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)”) [and other forms], borrowed from Latin v?rulentus (“poisonous”), from v?rus (“poison; venom; slime, slimy liquid; stinking smell; nasty taste”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison; slime; fluidity”)) + -ulentus (suffix meaning ‘abounding in, full of’, forming adjectives).

Sense 4 (“of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis”) is derived from French virulent, which was first used in this sense by the French biologist François Jacob (1920–2013) and his co-authors in a 1953 article.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?v??(j)?l(?)nt/, /-?(j)?-/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?v??(j)?l?nt/
• Hyphenation: vi?ru?lent

Adjective

virulent (comparative more virulent, superlative most virulent)

1. Of animals, plants, or substances: extremely venomous or poisonous.

   Antonyms: harmless, nonvirulent

2. (figuratively) Extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious.
   • c. 1515–1516, published 1568, John Skelton, Again?t venemous tongues enpoy?oned with ?claunder and fal?e detractions &c.:

     More venemous and much more virulent / Then any poy?oned tode, or any ?erpent.
3. (medicine) Of a disease or disease-causing agent: highly infectious, malignant, or deadly.

   Antonyms: benign, nonvirulent

4. (microbiology) Of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis. [from 1953]

Derived terms

Related terms

• virulence
• virulency (dated)
• virus

Translations

See also

• pathogenic

References

Further reading

• virulence on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• evil turn

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin v?rulentus.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /vi.?u?lent/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /bi.?u?len/

Adjective

virulent (feminine virulenta, masculine plural virulents, feminine plural virulentes)

1. virulent

Derived terms

• virulentament

Related terms

• virulència

Further reading

• “virulent” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “virulent” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “virulent” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “virulent” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Danish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

virulent (plural and definite singular attributive virulente)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Further reading

• “virulent” in Den Danske Ordbog

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin virulentus. The second sense is probably a semantic loan from English.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vi.?y.l??/

Adjective

virulent (feminine singular virulente, masculine plural virulents, feminine plural virulentes)

1. (medicine) virulent
2. virulent (hostile)

Derived terms

• virulemment

Related terms

• virulence

Further reading

• “virulent” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

German

Etymology

From Latin virulentus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vi?u?l?nt/
• Hyphenation: vi?ru?lent

Adjective

virulent (not comparable)

1. (medicine) virulent

Declension

Further reading

• “virulent” in Duden online

Romanian

Etymology

From French virulent, from Latin virulentus.

Adjective

virulent m or n (feminine singular virulent?, masculine plural virulen?i, feminine and neuter plural virulente)

1. virulent

Declension

English

Etymology

super- +? flu

Noun

superflu (usually uncountable, plural superflus)

1. Any strain of flu that spreads unusually quickly, is unusually virulent, or is unusually unresponsive to treatment.

Anagrams

• purseful

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin superfluus.

Adjective

superflu (feminine supèrflua, masculine plural superflus, feminine plural supèrflues)

1. superfluous

Derived terms

• supèrfluament

Related terms

• superfluïtat

Further reading

• “superflu” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “superflu” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “superflu” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “superflu” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin superfluus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sy.p??.fly/

Adjective

superflu (feminine singular superflue, masculine plural superflus, feminine plural superflues)

1. superfluous

Derived terms

• superfluité

Further reading

• “superflu” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).