different between vigilance vs vigil
vigilance
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle French vigilance, from Latin vigilantia
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?v?d??l?ns/
- (weak vowel merger) IPA(key): /?v?d??l?ns/
Noun
vigilance (usually uncountable, plural vigilances)
- Alert watchfulness.
- Close and continuous attention.
- 1837 March 4, Andrew Jackson, Farewell Address
- But you must remember, my fellow-citizens, that eternal vigilance by the people is the price of liberty, and that you must pay the price if you wish to secure the blessing.
- 1837 March 4, Andrew Jackson, Farewell Address
- (obsolete) A guard; a person set to watch.
Derived terms
Related terms
- vigilant
Translations
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin vigilantia; equivalent to vigile +? -ance
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vi.?i.l??s/
- Rhymes: -??s
Noun
vigilance f (plural vigilances)
- vigilance
Further reading
- “vigilance” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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vigil
English
Etymology
From Middle English vigile (“a devotional watching”), from Old French vigile, from Latin vigilia (“wakefulness, watch”), from vigil (“awake”), from Proto-Indo-European *we?- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). See also wake, from the same root.
Related to vigor, and more distantly compare vis and vital, from similar Proto-Indo-European roots and meanings (lively, power, life), via Latin. For use of “live, alive” in sense “watching”, compare qui vive.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?v?d??l/
- Rhymes: -?d??l
Noun
vigil (plural vigils)
- An instance of keeping awake during normal sleeping hours, especially to keep watch or pray.
- A period of observation or surveillance at any hour.
- His dog kept vigil outside the hospital for eight days while he was recovering from an accident.
- The eve of a religious festival in which staying awake is part of the ritual devotions.
- A quiet demonstration in support of a cause.
- The protesters kept vigil outside the conference centre in which the party congress was being held.
Synonyms
- (watch, especially at night): lookout, look-out, qui vive, watch
Related terms
- vigilance
- vigilant
- vigilation
- vigilous
Translations
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *we?- (“to be strong, lively, awake”), whence vige?.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /?u?i.?il/, [?u??????]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /?vi.d??il/, [?vi?d??il]
Adjective
vigil (genitive vigilis); third-declension one-termination adjective
- awake, watching, alert
Declension
Third-declension one-termination adjective.
Noun
vigil m (genitive vigilis); third declension
- watchman, guard, sentinel; constable, fireman
- (in the plural) the watch, police, constabulary
Declension
Third-declension noun.
Derived terms
- vigilia
- vigil?
Descendants
References
- vigil in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- vigil in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- vigil in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
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