different between vigil vs pernoctation

English

Etymology

From Middle English vigile (“a devotional watching”), from Old French vigile, from Latin vigilia (“wakefulness, watch”), from vigil (“awake”), from Proto-Indo-European *we?- (“to be strong, lively, awake”). See also wake, from the same root.

Related to vigor, and more distantly compare vis and vital, from similar Proto-Indo-European roots and meanings (lively, power, life), via Latin. For use of “live, alive” in sense “watching”, compare qui vive.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?v?d??l/
• Rhymes: -?d??l

Noun

vigil (plural vigils)

1. An instance of keeping awake during normal sleeping hours, especially to keep watch or pray.
2. A period of observation or surveillance at any hour.

   His dog kept vigil outside the hospital for eight days while he was recovering from an accident.

3. The eve of a religious festival in which staying awake is part of the ritual devotions.
4. A quiet demonstration in support of a cause.

   The protesters kept vigil outside the conference centre in which the party congress was being held.

Synonyms

• (watch, especially at night): lookout, look-out, qui vive, watch

Related terms

• vigilance
• vigilant
• vigilation
• vigilous

Translations

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *we?- (“to be strong, lively, awake”), whence vige?.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?u?i.?il/, [?u??????]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?vi.d??il/, [?vi?d??il]

Adjective

vigil (genitive vigilis); third-declension one-termination adjective

1. awake, watching, alert

Declension

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

Noun

vigil m (genitive vigilis); third declension

1. watchman, guard, sentinel; constable, fireman
2. (in the plural) the watch, police, constabulary

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Derived terms

• vigilia
• vigil?

Descendants

References

• vigil in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• vigil in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vigil in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette

English

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Late Latin pernoct?ti? (“act of spending of the night (doing something, particularly praying)”) + English -ion (suffix forming nouns indicating an action or process, or the result of an action or process). Pernoct?ti? is derived from Latin pernoct?tus (“having spent the night”) + -i? (suffix forming abstract nouns from verbs); pernoct?tus is the perfect passive participle of pernoct? (“to spend the night”), from per- (prefix with the sense of completion or entirety forming verbs) + nox (“night; darkness”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nók?ts (“night; evening (?)”), possibly from *neg?- (“bare, naked”) in the sense of becoming bare of sunlight).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?p??n?k?te??n?/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?p??n?k?te??(?)n/, /p???n?k-/
• Rhymes: -e???n
• Hyphenation: per?noct?a?tion

Noun

pernoctation (countable and uncountable, plural pernoctations) (formal)

1. (uncountable) The action of abiding through the night at a location; (countable) an instance of this; an overnight stay.
2. (uncountable) The action of walking about at night, especially as a vigil or watch; (countable) an instance of this.
3. (countable, religion, chiefly Christianity, obsolete) A religious watch kept during normal sleeping hours, during which prayers or other ceremonies are performed; a vigil.

Usage notes

The sense of a religious watch may apply either to a holy vigil or to diabolical activities.

Related terms

• pernoctate

Translations

References

Anagrams

• percontation