different between vertex vs versus

English

Etymology

Late Middle English, borrowed from Latin vertex (“whirl, eddy; top, crown, peak, summit”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?v??.t?ks/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?v??t?ks/
• Rhymes: -??(?)t?ks

Noun

vertex (plural vertices or vertexes)

1. The highest point, top or apex of something.

   Synonyms: acme, apex, peak, top

   1. (anatomy) The highest surface on the skull; the crown of the head.
2. (geometry) An angular point of a polygon, polyhedron or higher order polytope.
   1. The common point of the two rays that form an angle.
   2. The point at which an axis meets a curve or surface.
3. (mathematics) A point on the curve with a local minimum or maximum of curvature.
4. (graph theory) One of the elements of a graph joined or not by edges to other vertices.

   Synonym: node

   Coordinate term: plot

5. (computer graphics) A point in 3D space, usually given in terms of its Cartesian coordinates.
6. (optics) The point where the surface of a lens crosses the optical axis.
7. (particle physics) An interaction point.
8. (astrology) The point where the prime vertical meets the ecliptic in the western hemisphere of a natal chart.
9. (typography) A sharp downward point opposite a crotch, as in the letters "V" and "W" but not "Y".

   Coordinate term: apex

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• Mathworld article on vertices of polyhedra
• Mathworld article on vertices of polygons

References

• “vertex”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
• “vertex”, in Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary, (Please provide a date or year).

French

Etymology

From Latin vertex.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /v??.t?ks/

Noun

vertex m (plural vertex)

1. (anatomy) vertex

Further reading

• “vertex” in Émile Littré, Dictionnaire de la langue française, 1872–1877.
• “vertex” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Latin

Alternative forms

• vortex (archaic)

Etymology

From vert? (“to turn around, turn about”).

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?u?er.teks/, [?u??rt??ks?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?ver.teks/, [?v?rt??ks]

Noun

vertex m (genitive verticis); third declension

1. whirl, whirlpool, eddy, vortex
2. eddy of wind or flame, whirlwind, coil of flame
3. (literally, anatomy) top, crown of the head
4. (transferred sense)
   1. (poetic) head
   2. pole of the heavens (north or south)
   3. highest point, top, peak, summit (of a mountain, house, tree, etc.)

      Antonym: fundus

      1. (figuratively, poetic) highest, uttermost, greatest

Inflection

Third-declension noun.

Derived terms

Descendants

References

• vertex in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• vertex in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vertex in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• vertex in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.

Romanian

Etymology

From French vertex, from Latin vertex.

Noun

vertex n (uncountable)

1. vertex

Declension

English

Etymology

From Middle English versus, borrowed from Latin versus (“facing”), past participle of vertere (“to turn, change, overthrow, destroy”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?v??s?s/, /?v??s?z/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?v?s?s/, /?v?s?z/, /?v?s/
• Rhymes: -??(r)s?s
• Homophone: verses

Preposition

versus

1. Against; in opposition to.

   Synonyms: vs, vs., (abbreviations) v

2. Compared with, as opposed to.
   • 2005, Robert E. Weiss, Modeling Longitudinal Data, Springer, ?ISBN, page 104:

     If, for example, we select random people entering a workout gym, versus if we pick random people entering a hospital, we will get very different samples.

3. (law) Bringing a legal action against, as used in the title of a court case in which the first party indicates the plaintiff (or appellant or the like), and the second indicates the defendant (or respondent or the like).

   Synonyms: v, (abbreviation) v.

Translations

Related terms

Further reading

• versus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Finnish

Etymology

Latin versus

Preposition

versus

1. versus

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin versus. Doublet of verso, which is inherited.

Preposition

versus

1. versus

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?u?er.sus/, [?u??rs??s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?ver.sus/, [?v?rsus]

Etymology 1

From earlier vorsus, from Proto-Italic *worssos, perfect passive participle of vert? (“to turn”).

Alternative forms

• vorsus

Participle

versus (feminine versa, neuter versum); first/second-declension participle

1. turned, changed, having been turned

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Derived terms

• annivers?rius
• contr?versus
• pr?rsus/ pr?sus
• ?niversus

Etymology 2

Adverbial use of versus (“turned”).

Alternative forms

• versum
• vorsum
• vorsus

Adverb

versus (not comparable)

1. towards, turned to or in the direction of, facing

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 3

Action noun from vert? + -tus.

Alternative forms

• vorsus

Noun

versus m (genitive vers?s); fourth declension

1. a furrow (turned earth)
2. (transf.) a line, row
   2. (partic.) a line of writing, a verse

3. a land measure (= ??????? (pléthron))
4. (dance) a turn, step

Declension

Fourth-declension noun.

Derived terms

• versiculus
• versific?

Descendants

Etymology 4

Perfect passive participle of verr? (“to sweep”).

Participle

versus (feminine versa, neuter versum); first/second-declension participle

1. swept

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

References

• versus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• versus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• versus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• versus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.

Anagrams

• servus

Polish

Etymology

From Latin versus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?v?r.sus/

Preposition

versus

1. versus (in opposition to)

   Synonym: kontra

Further reading

• versus in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• versus in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Preposition

versus

1. Alternative spelling of vérsus

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English versus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?be?sus/, [?be?.sus]

Preposition

versus

1. versus

Usage notes

This word is sometimes frowned upon as an anglicism, with the suggestion that contra or the conjunction y should be used instead.

Further reading

• “versus” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

References