different between vernal vs verbal

English

Etymology

From Latin vern?lis (“(rare) of or pertaining to spring; vernal”), from v?rnus (“of or pertaining to spring; vernal”) + -?lis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship). V?rnus is derived from v?r (“season of spring”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wósr? (“spring”)) + -nus (suffix forming adjectives). The English word is cognate with Old French vernal (modern French vernal), Italian vernale (“pertaining to spring; vernal”), Occitan vernal, Portuguese vernal (“pertaining to spring; vernal”), Spanish vernal (“pertaining to spring; vernal”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?v??n(?)l/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?v?n?l/
• Rhymes: -??(?)n?l
• Hyphenation: vern?al

Adjective

vernal (comparative more vernal, superlative most vernal) (formal, literary)

1. Pertaining to or occurring in spring. [from mid 16th c.]

   Synonyms: springlike, spring-like; (rare) springly
2. (figuratively) Having characteristics like spring; fresh, young, youthful.

Usage notes

Vernal is used mostly in technical contexts (as in e.g. vernal equinox) or poetic contexts. In everyday language, attributive use of spring predominates, as in spring colors, spring flowers, spring equinox.

Alternative forms

• vernall (obsolete)

Coordinate terms

• (pertaining to seasons): summer: aestival/estival, summery · autumn or fall: autumnal · winter: brumal, hibernal, wintry

Derived terms

Related terms

• primavera
• ver (“springtime”) (obsolete)
• vere, vere-time (“springtime”) (obsolete)

Translations

References

Further reading

• vernal (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “vernal”, in Online Etymology Dictionary

Anagrams

• Lavern, nerval, verlan

Portuguese

Adjective

vernal m or f (plural vernais, comparable)

1. vernal (pertaining to spring)

Romanian

Etymology

From French vernal, from Latin vernalis.

Adjective

vernal m or n (feminine singular vernal?, masculine plural vernali, feminine and neuter plural vernale)

1. vernal

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin vern?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /be??nal/, [be??nal]
• Homophone: Bernal

Adjective

vernal (plural vernales)

1. vernal (pertaining to spring)

   Synonym: primaveral

Derived terms

Further reading

• “vernal” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

English

Etymology

From Old French verbal, from Late Latin verb?lis (“belonging to a word”). Equivalent to verb +? -al.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?v??.b?l/, [?v??.b??], enPR: vûr?-b?l
• (US) IPA^(key): /?v?.b?l/, [?v??.b??], enPR: vûr?-b?l
• Rhymes: -??(?)b?l
• Hyphenation: ver?bal

Adjective

verbal (not comparable)

1. Of or relating to words.

   Synonym: wordish

2. Concerned with the words, rather than the substance of a text.
3. Consisting of words only.

   Antonyms: non-verbal, substantive

   • 1864, Henry Mayhew, German Life and Manners as Seen in Saxony at the Present
4. Expressly spoken rather than written; oral.
5. (grammar) Derived from, or having the nature of a verb.

   Synonym: rhematic

6. (grammar) Used to form a verb.
7. Capable of speech.

   Antonym: preverbal

   • 2005, Avril V. Brereton, Bruce J. Tonge, Pre-schoolers with autism (page 55)

8. Word for word.

   Synonyms: literal, verbatim

9. (obsolete) Abounding with words; verbose.

Synonyms

• (of or relating to speech or words): lectic

Antonyms

• (expressly spoken or written): implied
• (expressly stated): unsaid

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Noun

verbal (plural verbals)

1. (grammar) A verb form which does not function as a predicate, or a word derived from a verb. In English, infinitives, participles and gerunds are verbals.

   Synonym: non-finite verb

2. (Britain, Ireland) A spoken confession given to police.

Translations

Verb

verbal (third-person singular simple present verbals, present participle verballing, simple past and past participle verballed)

1. (transitive, Britain, Australia) To induce into fabricating a confession.
   • 1982, John A. Andrews, Human Rights in Criminal Procedure: A Comparative Study, ?ISBN, BRILL, page 128:

     "The problem of 'verballing' is unlikely to disappear, whatever the legal status of the person detained."

   • 2001, Chris Cunneen, Conflict, Politics and Crime: Aboriginal Communities and the Police, ?ISBN, Allen & Unwin, page 116:

     "Condren had always claimed that he was assaulted and verballed by police over the murder he had supposedly confessed to committing."

   • 2004, Jeremy Gans & Andrew Palmer, Australian Principles of Evidence, ?ISBN, Routledge Cavendish, page 504:

     "Moreover, given the risk of verballing, it is by no means apparent that it is in the interests of justice that the prosecution have the benefit of admissions that are made on occasions when recordings are impracticable."

Anagrams

• Varble, Vrabel

Aragonese

Adjective

verbal m or f (plural verbals)

1. (grammar) verbal (relating to verbs)

Related terms

• verbo

Catalan

Etymology

From Late Latin verb?lis.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /v???bal/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /b?r?bal/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /ve??bal/

Adjective

verbal (masculine and feminine plural verbals)

1. verbal (of or relating to words)
2. verbal (spoken rather than written)
3. (grammar) verbal (relating to verbs)

Derived terms

Related terms

• verb

Further reading

• “verbal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin verb?lis. Synchronically analysable as verbe +? -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /v??.bal/
• Homophones: verbale, verbales

Adjective

verbal (feminine singular verbale, masculine plural verbaux, feminine plural verbales)

1. verbal

Derived terms

• cadrage verbal
• locution verbale
• temps verbal

Further reading

• “verbal” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /v???ba?l/
• Rhymes: -a?l

Adjective

verbal (not comparable)

1. verbal

   Synonym: mündlich

Declension

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch verbaal, from Middle French verbal, from Latin verb?lis. Doublet of perbal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [v?r?bal]
• Hyphenation: vêr?bal

Adjective

verbal or vêrbal

1. verbal,
   1. expressly spoken rather than written; oral.
   2. (linguistics) pertaining to verbs

Further reading

• “verbal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Late Latin verb?lis.

Adjective

verbal m or f (plural verbais, comparable)

1. verbal, oral

Romanian

Etymology

From French verbal, from Latin verbalis.

Adjective

verbal m or n (feminine singular verbal?, masculine plural verbali, feminine and neuter plural verbale)

1. verbal

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

From Late Latin verb?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /be??bal/, [be????al]

Adjective

verbal (plural verbales)

1. verbal (of or relating to words)
2. verbal (spoken rather than written)
3. (grammar) verbal (relating to verbs)

Derived terms

Noun

verbal m or f (plural verbales)|verbales

1. (grammar) verbal

Related terms

• verbo

Further reading

• “verbal” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Westrobothnian

Etymology

From Old Norse *viðribarðr (from berja.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²??????b???/, /²??????b???/

Adjective

verbal

1. weather-beaten