different between vernacular vs venal

English

Etymology

From Latin vern?culus (“domestic, indigenous, of or pertaining to home-born slaves”), from verna (“a native, a home-born slave (one born in his master's house)”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /v??nækj?l?/, /v??nækj?l?/
• (US) IPA^(key): /v??nækj?l?/
• Rhymes: -ækj?l?(?)
• Hyphenation: ver?nac?u?lar

Noun

vernacular (plural vernaculars)

1. The language of a people or a national language.

   A vernacular of the United States is English.

2. Everyday speech or dialect, including colloquialisms, as opposed to standard, literary, liturgical, or scientific idiom.

   Street vernacular can be quite different from what is heard elsewhere.

3. Language unique to a particular group of people; jargon, argot.

   For those of a certain age, hiphop vernacular might just as well be a foreign language.

4. A language lacking standardization or a written form.
5. Indigenous spoken language, as distinct from a literary or liturgical language such as Ecclesiastical Latin.

   Vatican II allowed the celebration of the mass in the vernacular.

Synonyms

• (language unique to a group): dialect, idiom, argot, jargon, slang
• (language of a people): vulgate

Antonyms

• (national language): lingua franca, link language, vehicular language

Translations

Adjective

vernacular (comparative more vernacular, superlative most vernacular)

1. Of or pertaining to everyday language, as opposed to standard, literary, liturgical, or scientific idiom.
2. Belonging to the country of one's birth; one's own by birth or nature; native; indigenous.

   a vernacular disease

3. (architecture) Of or related to local building materials and styles; not imported.
4. (art) Connected to a collective memory; not imported.

Synonyms

• (of everyday language): common, everyday, indigenous, ordinary, vulgar, colloquial
• (architecture): folk

Derived terms

• neo-vernacular
• vernacularism
• vernacularist

Translations

Further reading

• vernacular in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• vernacular in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• vernacular at OneLook Dictionary Search

Portuguese

Adjective

vernacular m or f (plural vernaculares, comparable)

1. vernacular (pertaining to everyday language)

   Synonym: vernáculo

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?vi?n?l/
• Rhymes: -i?n?l

Etymology 1

From Latin v?na (“vein”) +? -al.

Adjective

venal (comparative more venal, superlative most venal)

1. Venous; pertaining to veins.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French vénal, from Old French venel, from Latin v?n?lis (“for sale”), from v?num (“something for sale”); compare vend.

Adjective

venal (comparative more venal, superlative most venal)

1. (archaic) For sale; available for purchase.

   Synonym: purchasable

2. Of a position, privilege etc.: available for purchase rather than assigned on merit.
   • 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin 2003, p. 140:

     Thus, regimental commands in the army were – as with the judiciary or the financial bureaucracy – venal posts, which were purchased, bequeathed and sold among the nobility.

3. Capable of being bought (of a person); willing to take bribes.

   Synonym: crooked

   Antonyms: straight, honest, uncorrupt

4. (of behaviour etc.) Corrupt, mercenary.
   • 1785, The Times, 9 Feb 1785, page 1, column C:

     Though there is a disposition in mankind, to declaim against the corruption and peculation of the present times, as being more venal than formerly; yet, if we look back to different periods, we shall find statesmen and politicians, as selfish and corrupt, […] as those who have lately figured on the political stage.

Usage notes

Venal behavior (bribery/corruption) is not to be confused with venial behavior (mildly wrong behavior).

Related terms

• venally

Translations

Anagrams

• Alven, Levan, elvan, levan, navel

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /v??nal/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /b??nal/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /ve?nal/

Etymology 1

vena +? -al

Adjective

venal (masculine and feminine plural venals)

1. venal, venous

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin v?n?lis (“for sale”), from v?num (“something for sale”).

Adjective

venal (masculine and feminine plural venals)

1. for sale, sellable
2. venal (willing to take bribes)

   Synonym: subornable

Further reading

• “venal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “venal” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “venal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “venal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Romanian

Etymology

From French vénal, from Latin venalis.

Adjective

venal m or n (feminine singular venal?, masculine plural venali, feminine and neuter plural venale)

1. venal, venous

Declension

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /be?nal/, [be?nal]

Etymology 1

From vena +? -al.

Adjective

venal (plural venales)

1. venous

   Synonym: venoso

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin v?n?lis (“for sale”), from v?num (“something for sale”).

Adjective

venal (plural venales)

1. venal, corruptible
2. for sale, sellable

Derived terms

• valor venal

Further reading

• “venal” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.