different between verge vs bound

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /v??d??/
• (US) IPA^(key): /v?d??/
• Rhymes: -??(?)d?

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle French verge (“rod or wand of office”), hence "scope, territory dominated", from Latin virga (“shoot, rod stick”), of unknown origin. Earliest attested sense in English is now-obsolete meaning "male member, penis" (c.1400). Modern sense is from the notion of 'within the verge' (1509, also as Anglo-Norman dedeinz la verge), i.e. "subject to the Lord High Steward's authority" (as symbolized by the rod of office), originally a 12-mile radius round the royal court, which sense shifted to "the outermost edge of an expanse or area."

Noun

verge (plural verges)

1. A rod or staff of office, e.g. of a verger.
   1. (Britain, historical) The stick or wand with which persons were formerly admitted tenants, by holding it in the hand and swearing fealty to the lord. Such tenants were called tenants by the verge.
2. An edge or border.
   • 1848, John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy

     Even though we go to the extreme verge of possibility to invent a supposition favourable to it, the theory […] implies an absurdity.

   • 1852, Matthew Arnold, Stanzas from Carnac

     But on the horizon's verge descried, / Hangs, touched with light, one snowy sail.
   1. (Britain, Australia, New Zealand) The grassy area between the footpath and the street; a tree lawn.
   2. (figuratively) An extreme limit beyond which something specific will happen.
3. (obsolete) The phallus.
   1. (zoology) The external male organ of certain mollusks, worms, etc.
4. An old measure of land: a virgate or yardland.
5. A circumference; a circle; a ring.
6. (architecture) The shaft of a column, or a small ornamental shaft.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Oxf. Gloss to this entry?)

8. (architecture) The eaves or edge of the roof that projects over the gable of a roof.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Encyc. Brit to this entry?)

9. (horology) The spindle of a watch balance, especially one with pallets, as in the old vertical escapement.

Synonyms

• (strip of land between street and sidewalk): see list at tree lawn

Translations

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin verg? (“to bend, turn, tend toward, incline”), from Proto-Indo-European *werg- (“to turn”), from a root *wer- (“to turn, bend”) (compare versus); strongly influenced by the above noun.

Verb

verge (third-person singular simple present verges, present participle verging, simple past and past participle verged)

1. (intransitive) To be or come very close; to border; to approach.

   Eating blowfish verges on insanity.

2. To bend or incline; to tend downward; to slope.

Derived terms

Translations

References

• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “verge”, in Online Etymology Dictionary
• verge at OneLook Dictionary Search

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Occitan, from Latin virg?, virginem.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /?v??.??/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /?b?r.??/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /?v??.d??e/

Adjective

verge (masculine and feminine plural verges or vèrgens)

1. virgin

   Synonym: poncell

Noun

verge m or f (plural verges or vèrgens)

1. virgin

   Synonyms: poncell, poncella

Further reading

• “verge” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Dutch

Verb

verge

1. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of vergen

French

Etymology

From Middle French verge (“rod or wand of office”), hence "scope, territory dominated", from Old French verge, virge, from Latin virga (“shoot, rod stick”), of uncertain origin, but probably from a Proto-Indo-European *wisgeh? (“flexible rod or stick”). Doublet of vergue.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /v???/

Noun

verge f (plural verges)

1. rod
2. penis (male sexual organ)

   Synonym: pénis

3. (Canada) yard

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Spanish: verja

Further reading

• “verge” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• grève

Friulian

Alternative forms

• verze

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *virdia (see for cognates), from syncopation of Latin viridia, neuter plural of viridis (“green”).

Noun

verge f (plural vergis)

1. cabbage

Related terms

• vert

Latin

Verb

verge

1. second-person singular present active imperative of verg?

Middle French

Etymology 1

From Old French verge, virge, from Latin virga.

Noun

verge f (plural verges)

1. rod; stick; staff
   • Exodus, the Bible

     Moyse ietta en la terre la verge qu'il tenoit dans sa main […] elle fust soudain changé en serpent

     Moses throw on the ground the staff that he held in is hand […] suddenly, it changes into a serpent

Descendants

• English: verge
• French: verge

Etymology 2

From Old French verge, vierge, virge, from virgene, from Latin virginem, accusative of virg?.

Noun

verge f (plural verges)

1. female virgin (female person who has never had sexual intercourse)

Descendants

• French: vierge

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?vêr.??/
• (flapped rhotic) IPA^(key): [??æ??.??]
• (uvular rhotic) IPA^(key): [??æ??.??]

Etymology 1

From Old Norse verja. Compare Danish værge, Faroese verja, Icelandic verja, Swedish värja.

Verb

verge (present tense verger, past tense verga or verget, past participle verga or verget)

1. (transitive) to protect

Derived terms

• vergemål (“guardianship”)

Etymology 2

From the verb

Noun

verge m (definite singular vergen, indefinite plural verger, definite plural vergene)

1. (literary, rare) a protector, defender
2. (law) a guardian, conservator; a person appointed to manage the affairs of others

   Synonym: formynder

Noun

verge n (definite singular verget, indefinite plural verg, definite plural verga or vergene)

1. weapon used for defense
2. custody

   Synonyms: varetekt, forvaring

See also

• verja, verje (Nynorsk)

References

• “verge” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “verge” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Old French

Etymology 1

From a shortening of earlier forms virgine, virgene, from Latin virginem, accusative singular of virg?, possibly a borrowing.

Alternative forms

• vierche
• vierge
• virge

Noun

verge f (oblique plural verges, nominative singular verge, nominative plural verges)

1. virgin (one who has never had sex)

Adjective

verge m (oblique and nominative feminine singular verge)

1. virgin; virginal

Usage notes

• Often capitalized as la Verge when referring to the Virgin Mary

Descendants

• Middle French: verge
  • French: vierge

Etymology 2

From Latin virga.

Alternative forms

• virge

Noun

verge f (oblique plural verges, nominative singular verge, nominative plural verges)

1. rod; stick; staff

Descendants

• Middle French: verge
  • French: verge

English

Alternative forms

• bownd (archaic)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ba?nd/
• Rhymes: -a?nd

Etymology 1

From Middle English bound, bund (preterite) and bounden, bunden, ibunden, ?ebunden (past participle), from Old English bund- and bunden, ?ebunden respectively. See bind.

Verb

bound

1. simple past tense and past participle of bind

   I bound the splint to my leg.

   I had bound the splint with duct tape.

Adjective

bound (not comparable)

1. (with infinitive) Obliged (to).

2. (linguistics, of a morpheme) That cannot stand alone as a free word.
3. (mathematics, logic, of a variable) Constrained by a quantifier.
4. (dated) Constipated; costive.
5. Confined or restricted to a certain place; e.g. railbound.
6. Unable to move in certain conditions; e.g. snowbound.

Antonyms

• (logic: constrained by a quantifier): free

Hyponyms

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English bound, bownde, alternation (with -d partly for euphonic effect and partly by association with Etymology 1 above) of Middle English boun, from Old Norse búinn, past participle of búa (“to prepare”).

Adjective

bound (comparative more bound, superlative most bound)

1. (obsolete) Ready, prepared.
2. Ready to start or go (to); moving in the direction (of).

   Which way are you bound?

   Is that message bound for me?
3. (with infinitive) Very likely (to), certain to

Derived terms

Related terms

• bound to
• I'll be bound

Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English bounde, from Old French bunne, from Medieval Latin bodina, earlier butina (“a bound, limit”)

Noun

bound (plural bounds)

1. (often used in plural) A boundary, the border which one must cross in order to enter or leave a territory.

   I reached the northern bound of my property, took a deep breath and walked on.

   Somewhere within these bounds you may find a buried treasure.

2. (mathematics) A value which is known to be greater or smaller than a given set of values.

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 4

From Middle English bounden, from the noun (see above).

Verb

bound (third-person singular simple present bounds, present participle bounding, simple past and past participle bounded)

1. To surround a territory or other geographical entity.
2. (mathematics) To be the boundary of.

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 5

From Middle English *bounden (attested as bounten), from French bondir (“leap", "bound", originally "make a loud resounding noise”); perhaps from Late Latin bombit?re, present active infinitive of bombit? (“hum, buzz”), frequentative verb, from Latin bombus (“a humming or buzzing”).

Noun

bound (plural bounds)

1. A sizeable jump, great leap.

   The deer crossed the stream in a single bound.

2. A spring from one foot to the other in dancing.
3. (dated) A bounce; a rebound.

   the bound of a ball

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Johnson to this entry?)

Derived terms

• by leaps and bounds

Translations

Verb

bound (third-person singular simple present bounds, present participle bounding, simple past and past participle bounded)

1. (intransitive) To leap, move by jumping.

   The rabbit bounded down the lane.

2. (transitive) To cause to leap.

   to bound a horse

   • , Act V, Scene II, page 93:

     […] Or if I might buffet for my Loue, or bound my Hor?e for her fauours, I could lay on like a Butcher, and fit like a Iack an Apes, neuer off.

3. (intransitive, dated) To rebound; to bounce.

   a rubber ball bounds on the floor

4. (transitive, dated) To cause to rebound; to throw so that it will rebound; to bounce.

   to bound a ball on the floor

Derived terms

• rebound

Translations

Anagrams

• Dubon

Middle English

Noun

bound

1. Alternative form of band