different between vara vs mara

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish vara and Portuguese vara.

Noun

vara (plural varas)

1. (historical) A unit of length in the old Spanish system (equal to 0.8359 metres) or the old Portuguese system (equal to 1.1 metres).

Anagrams

• Avar

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin v?ra.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /?va.??/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /?ba.??/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /?va.?a/

Noun

vara f (plural vares)

1. rod

Derived terms

• tenir vara alta

Further reading

• “vara” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “vara” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “vara” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “vara” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Estonian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *war?-, compare Swedish vara, German Ware, English ware. Cognate to Finnish vara and Livonian var?.

Noun

vara (genitive vara, partitive vara)

1. property, estate, goods; things belonging to a person or organisation

Inflection

Derived terms

• kaasavara
• tarkvara

Etymology 2

From Proto-Baltic *v?ras, compare Lithuanian voras (“old”). Cognate to Finnish varhain.

Adverb

vara

1. early

Derived terms

• varajane
• varakult

Antonyms

• hilja

Faroese

Etymology

From Middle Low German waren.

Verb

vara (third person singular past indicative vardi, third person plural past indicative vart, supine vart)

1. to take, to last, to require (about time)

Conjugation

Finnish

(index va)

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vara (compare Estonian vara), borrowed from Proto-Germanic *waraz and *war? (compare Swedish vara (“goods”), vara (“care”), English ware, wary and aware); the two Germanic words both ultimately come from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cover, heed, notice”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???r?/, [???r?]
• Rhymes: -?r?
• Syllabification: va?ra

Noun

vara

1. reserve, backup

2. (in the plural) (natural) resources, (natural) reserves

   Synonym: luonnonvarat

3. (in the plural) stores, stocks, reserves

   Synonym: varasto

4. (usually in the plural) funds, means, assets

   Synonyms: rahat, maksukyky (literally “ability to pay”), (asset) varallisuus

5. (usually in the singular) room, margin; allowance

6. (mostly in idioms and proverbs) caution, concern, care; often translated into English with an adjective, see also pitää varansa

Declension

Synonyms

• (caution, concern, care): varovaisuus

Derived terms

• elää yli varojensa = to live beyond one's means
• heittäytyä (+ genitive +) varaan = to bank on, count on, depend on
• jättää sattuman varaan = to leave to chance/contingency
• kaiken varalta = just in case, just to make sure, to be on the safe side
• (allative +) olla varaa (+ illative; verb always in third person singular) = to be able to/can afford

• olla varalla = to be in reserve/store, be at hand, be (readily) available
• olla (+ genitive +) varassa = to rest on (physically), to rely/depend on (figuratively)
• olla (+ genitive +) varoissaan = to be wealthy, be well-to-do, be flush
• pitää varansa = to watch out, watch one's step, be on one's guard, keep one's eyes open
• rakentua (+ genitive +) varaan = to be based on, be founded on, be grounded in
• siltä varalta, että... = in case (something happens)
• adjectives: varainen, -varaisuus, varakas, varaton
• adverbs: varaan, -varaisesti, varakkaasti, varalla, varalle, varalta, varassa, varasta
• nouns: varaamo, varallisuus, varanto, varasto, varat, varattomuus, varauma, varaus
• verbs: varata, varautua, varoa, varoittaa
• prefixes: vara-

Compounds

This table also contains terms prefixed with vara-.

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese vara (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin v?ra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ba?a?/

Noun

vara f (plural varas)

1. a long and thin stick, pole or rod

   Synonym: valoira

2. shoot; twig
3. (dated or historical) cloth yard; a unit of length equivalent to half a braza (½ a fathom or a yard)
   • 1335, M. Lucas Álvarez & P. Lucas Domínguez (eds.), El monasterio de San Clodio do Ribeiro en la Edad Media: estudio y documentos. Sada / A Coruña: Edicións do Castro, page 463:

     que den a uos Eluira Perez en uossa vida de tres en tres annos çinquo varas de valacyna noua ou os dineiros para ella, quantos ella custar enna tenda

     they should give you, Elvira Pérez, throughout your life each three years, five yards of new Valencian cloth or the money for them, whatever it costs in the store

Derived terms

• vara de ourol
• vara fragueira
• varal
• varanca
• varear
• varela

References

• “vara” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
• “vara” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “vara” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• “vara” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “vara” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?va?ra/

  Rhymes: -a?ra

Etymology 1

From Old Norse vara.

Noun

vara f (genitive singular vöru, nominative plural vörur)

1. article, commodity
2. (in the plural form) goods, wares, freight, commodities, merchandise

Declension

Derived terms

• vöruheiti

Etymology 2

From Old Norse vara, from Proto-Germanic *war?n?.

Verb

vara (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative varaði, supine varað)

1. (transitive, governs the accusative) to warn

Conjugation

Synonyms

• (warn): gefa aðvörun

Derived terms

• vara við
• vara sig
• vara sig á
• varaðu þig
• varast

Etymology 3

From Middle Low German waren (whence also Swedish vara, Norwegian vare, Danish vare), from Proto-Germanic *waz?n?.

Verb

vara (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative varði, supine varað)

1. (intransitive) to last, to continue, to go on

2. (intransitive) to last, to endure, to be permanent

Synonyms

• (last): standa
• (endure): endast

Etymology 4

Verb

vara (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative varði, supine varað)

1. (impersonal) to expect
   • 1990, the song Það sést ekki sætari mey ("None sweeter than me can be seen") from the album Gling-Gló by Björk Guðmundsdóttir & tríó Guðmundar Ingólfssonar (Lyrics)

     Og fyrr en mig varði

     hver strákur á mig starði

     eins og stelpur á gleym-mér-ei

     Before I would know it

     every boy would stare at me

     the way girls do at forget-me-nots

   Gestirnir komu fyrr en mig varði.

   The guests arrived earlier than expected.

Derived terms

• þá er minnst varði (suddenly, unexpectedly)

Etymology 5

Noun

vara

1. indefinite genitive plural of var

Etymology 6

Noun

vara

1. indefinite genitive plural of vör

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vara, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *waraz. Cognates include Finnish vara and Estonian vara.

Pronunciation

• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /???r?/
• Hyphenation: va?ra

Noun

vara (genitive varan, partitive varraa)

1. protection, safety
2. property, possession
3. alertness, awareness

Declension

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 640

Italian

Etymology

See the etymology of the main entry.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?va.ra/
• Hyphenation: và?ro

Adjective

vara

1. feminine singular of varo

Verb

vara

1. inflection of varare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular present imperative

Anagrams

• avrà

Karelian

Etymology

Related to Finnish vara.

Noun

vara

1. reserve

Ladino

Etymology

From Spanish vara, ultimately derived from Latin v?ra.

Noun

vara f (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling ??????, plural varas)

1. stick, rod, crossbar
2. (diminutive form, typography) The rafe lines in the shape of crossbars that can be used in Ladino orthography as diacritics on Hebrew script to alter the sound of letters to create new letters; a breve diacritic (?) is placed on top of letters to form fricative consonant sounds, such as changing ? (/p/) into ?? (/f/); usually referred to by the diminutive varrica (“little crossbar”).

Latin

Etymology

From v?rus.

Noun

v?ra f (genitive v?rae); first declension

1. fork, forked branch
2. tripod, easel

Declension

First-declension noun.

Descendants

• Catalan: vara
• Galician: vara
• Portuguese: vara
• Spanish: vara

Adjective

v?ra

1. inflection of v?rus:
   1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Adjective

v?r?

1. ablative feminine singular of v?rus

Latvian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

See varš.

Noun

vara m

1. genitive singular form of varš

Etymology 2

Noun

vara f (4th declension)

1. power

Declension

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

Noun

vara

1. accusative/genitive singular of varra

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• varen

Noun

vara m or f

1. definite feminine singular of vare

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /????.r?/ (example of pronunciation)

Noun

vara m (definite singular varaen, indefinite plural varaer or varaar, definite plural varaene or varaane)

1. clipping of vararepresentant

Etymology 2

Verb

vara (present tense varar/varer, past tense vara/varte, past participle vara/vart, passive infinitive varast, present participle varande, imperative var)

1. alternative form of vare

Etymology 3

Verb

vara (present tense varar, past tense vara, past participle vara, passive infinitive varast, present participle varande, imperative var)

1. alternative form of vare

Noun

vara f

1. definite singular of vare

Etymology 4

Noun

vara n

1. definite plural of var

Etymology 5

Verb

vara

1. (dialectal, nonstandard) alternative form of vera

References

• “vara” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• arva, raav, rava, vaar

Old Swedish

Alternative forms

• væra, væræ

Etymology

From Old Norse vera, earlier vesa, from Proto-Germanic *wesan?. Cognate with Danish være, Icelandic vera.

Verb

vara

1. To be
   1. to occupy a place, to be

Conjugation

Descendants

• Swedish: vara

Pali

Alternative forms

Adjective

vara

1. excellent
2. noble

Declension

Derived terms

• adhivara
• anadhivara

Noun

vara m or n

1. wish, boon, favour

Declension

As the masculine or neuter of the adjective above, as appropriate.

Verb

vara

1. second-person singular imperative active of varati (“to desire”)

References

“vara”, in Pali Text Society, editor, Pali-English Dictionary?, London: Chipstead, 1921-1925.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Portugal, Brazil) IPA^(key): /?va.??/
• Hyphenation: va?ra

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese vara, from Latin v?ra. Compare Spanish vara.

Noun

vara f (plural varas)

1. a unit of length, a yard
2. a stick, a twig
3. a district court, an original court, a trial court/court of first instance
4. (Brazil, vulgar, slang) The penis

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

vara

1. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present indicative of varar
2. second-person singular (tu, sometimes used with você) affirmative imperative of varar

Further reading

• “vara” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?va.ra/

Adverb

vara

1. in the summer

Noun

vara f

1. definite nominative/accusative singular of var?

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

vara (Cyrillic spelling ????)

1. genitive singular of var

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ba?a/, [?ba.?a]

Etymology 1

From Latin v?ra.

Noun

vara f (plural varas)

1. a long and thin stick, pole or rod

   Synonyms: palo, bastón, barra

2. thin branch or cane (of a tree or bush)

   Synonym: rama

3. staff of office (staff which denotes an official's position or social rank)
4. (bullfighting) bullfighter's lance
5. (historical) vara (unit of length, about 0.836 metres or three Spanish feet)
6. (also figuratively) yardstick, standard (standard to which other measurements or comparisons are judged)

   Synonym: estándar

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

vara

1. Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of varar.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of varar.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present indicative form of varar.

Further reading

• “vara” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?v???ra/, (verb, informal) /?v??/
• • Pronunciation of the present tense form of vara (“to be”) varies geographically and depending on the formality of the language. The most formal pronunciation is /??r/ with a varying degree of openness in the vowel. Less formal pronunciation in running speech varies between /e?/ and /??/.
• Rhymes: -??

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish vara, væra from Old Norse vera, earlier vesa, from Proto-Germanic *wesan?. Cognate with Danish være, Icelandic vera, Norwegian være.

Verb

vara (present är, preterite var, supine varit, imperative var)

1. To be
   1. to occupy a place, to be (somewhere)

   2. to occur, to take place
   3. (rare) to exist
      • c. 1847, Carl August Hagberg, translation of Shakespeare's Hamlet (c. 1601), act 3, scene 1

   4. (copulative) indicates that the subject and object are the same
   5. (copulative, mathematics) indicates that the values on either side of an equation are the same
   6. (copulative) indicates that the subject plays the role of the predicate nominal
   7. (copulative) connects a noun to an adjective that describes it
      • 1917 translation, the Bible, Deuteronomy (Femte Mosebok), 1:26

   8. used to form the passive voice, when stressing the end result of the process
   9. (archaic) used to form the perfect aspect with certain intransitive verbs

   10. used to indicate things like age, height, temperature, weather, ...

Usage notes

Although the past subjunctive in most verbs is viewed as dated (see: Appendix:Swedish verbs), vore is still very much in use by young speakers, even in informal or colloquial language.

Conjugation

See also:

• ären (archaic second person plural indicative)
• voren (archaic second person past plural indicative)
• varen (archaic second person plural imperative)

Alternative forms

• va (strongly colloquial)

Synonyms

• (occupy a place): befinna sig, finnas, ligga / sitta / stå
• (to exist): finnas existera
• (to create passive voice): bli (when putting stress on the process), varda (archaic, only still commonly used in the past tense form vart)

Related terms

• närvara
• närvaro
• tillvaro
• vara till
• var så god or varsågod
• övervara

Noun

vara n

1. existence, being

   Varats olidliga lätthet

   The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1984 novel by Milan Kundera)

Declension

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish vara, from Middle Low German waren, from Old Saxon waron, from Proto-Germanic *war?n?. Cognate with Danish vare

Verb

vara (present varar, preterite varade, supine varat, imperative vara)

1. to last

   Synonyms: fortfara, hålla på, pågå

Conjugation

Derived terms

• varaktig
• bevara
• förvara

Etymology 3

From Old Swedish vara, from Old Norse vari, cognate with Danish vare, possibly from an unattested Old Swedish vari (care), related to Icelandic vari (“caution, carefullness”), but influenced by Middle Low German ware namen, related to German wahren, wahrnehmen.

Noun

vara c

1. care

Usage notes

• Only used in expressions like the ones in the usage examples above.

Etymology 4

From Old Swedish vara, from Old Norse vara, from Middle Low German ware. Cognate with Danish vare, German Ware, English ware. Could be related to Sanskrit vara- (valuable).

Noun

vara c

1. a ware, goods, article

Declension

Related terms

Etymology 5

Attested since 1664. From var (“pus”) +? -a.

Verb

vara (present varar, preterite varade, supine varat, imperative vara)

1. to generate pus

Conjugation

References

• vara in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• vara in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Anagrams

• avar

Veps

Etymology

Related to Finnish vara.

Noun

vara

1. stock, store, inventory
2. resource
3. asset

Inflection

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007) , “?????, ??????, ?????????, ????????, ????”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovar? [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Westrobothnian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???ra/

Verb

vara

1. Alternative present plural form of vera in sothern dialects.

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m????/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old Norse mara, from Proto-Germanic *mar?, cognate with Old English mare or mære. Doublet of mare. See nightmare.

Noun

mara (plural maras)

1. (folklore) A nightmare; a spectre or wraith-like creature in Germanic and particularly Scandinavian folklore; a female demon who torments people in sleep by crouching on their chests or stomachs, or by causing terrifying visions.
   • 1996, Catharina Raudvere, "Now you see her, now you don't: some notes on the conception of female shape-shifters in Scandinavian traditions", pages 41-55 in Sandra Billington & Miranda Green (editors) The Concept of the Goddess

     The corpus of related texts tells us that within rural society it was not improbable for your neighbour's envy of your fine cattle to take the form of a mara.

Translations

Further reading

• Mare (folklore) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Sanskrit ??? (m?ra).

Noun

mara (plural maras)

1. (Buddhism) A type of god that prevents accomplishment or success.
   • 2011, Graham Woodhouse, Lobsang Gyatso, Tsongkhapa's Praise for Dependent Relativity, Wisdom Publications, page 20,

     Mara means demon, or demonic influence, that hinders the practice of virtue. It may be an external spirit or an aspect of our own imperfect condition. All hindrances on the path to liberation are subsumed under the four maras. The first mara is the mara of the aggregates. […] The second of the maras is the mara of the afflictions, which are the same as the afflictive obstructions. They are identified as a mara because they precipitate all harmful actions, from malicious gossip to murder. […] The third mara is Devaputra, literally "son of a god," an external troublemaker who specializes in interfering with beings who are endeavoring to achieve something positive. […] The last mara is the mara of death.

2. (Buddhism) Any malicious or evil spirit.
   • 2002, Sarvananda Bluestone, The World Dream Book, page 73

     The mara is the spirit that causes illness, accidents, and mishaps. The only protection against it is another mara who befriends a person or a group. A mara who becomes friendly is called a gunik. This transformation occurs when a mara comes to a person in a dream and states a desire to be friendly. But there are deceitful maras who pretend to be friendly, yet will betray the person who trusts them.

Related terms

• Mara

Translations

Further reading

• Mara (demon) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 3

From New World Spanish mará.

Noun

mara (plural maras)

1. Any caviid rodent of genus Dolichotis, common in the Patagonian steppes of Argentina.
   • 1999, Mara, entry in Michael A. Mares (editor), Encyclopedia of Deserts, page 349,

     Maras have a white patch of fur on the rump that they flash when running, an adaptation they share with several species of deer and antelopes.

   • 2011, Terry A. Vaughan, James M. Ryan, & Nicholas J. Czaplewski, Mammalogy, 5th edition, page 228,

     Although only Dolichotis, the Patagonian mara, is strongly cursorial, all caviids have certain features typical of cursorial mammals […] .

   • 2013, R. L. Honeycutt, Chapter 3: Phylogenetics of Caviomorph Rodents and Genetic Perspectives on the Evolution of Sociality and Mating Systems in the Caviidae, José Roberto Moreira, Katia Maria P.M.B. Ferraz, Emilio A. Herrera, David W. Macdonald (editors), Capybara: Biology, Use and Conservation of an Exceptional Neotropical Species, page 70,

     Maras (Dolichotis patagonum) are cursorial and prefer open areas with low vegetation for breeding and more barren sites for construction of communal dens (Taber and Macdonald 1992; Baldi 2007).

Derived terms

• Patagonian mara (Dolichotis patagonum)
• Chacoan mara (Dolichotis salinicola)

Translations

References

• Mara (mammal) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Dolichotis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
• Dolichotis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

Anagrams

• -rama, ARMA, Amar, Aram, Rama, R?ma, maar

'Are'are

Verb

mara

1. be ashamed

References

• Kate?ina Naitoro, A Sketch Grammar of 'Are'are: The Sound System and Morpho-Syntax (2013)

Afar

Etymology

From Proto-Cushitic *mar- (“to reside”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m???/

Noun

mára m 

1. (collective) people

Synonyms

• sinám

References

• Enid M. Parker (2006) English-Afar dictionary, Dunwoody Press, ?ISBN, page vi
• Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle; Mohamed Hassan Kamil (Aug 2013) , “Gender, Number and Agreement in Afar (Cushitic language)”, in 43th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics?^[1], Leiden: Leiden University

Baagandji

Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

mara

1. hand

Balinese

Romanization

mara

1. Romanization of ??
2. Romanization of ???

Bikol Central

Adjective

mará

1. dry; parched

Derived terms

Dieri

Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

mara

1. hand

Esperanto

Etymology

From maro +? -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?mara/
• Hyphenation: mar?a
• Rhymes: -ara

Adjective

mara (accusative singular maran, plural maraj, accusative plural marajn)

1. sea, of or relating to the sea

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m?r?/, [?m?r?]
• Rhymes: -?r?
• Syllabification: ma?ra

Etymology 1

Borrowed to Western Finnish dialects from Swedish mara, which is a demon that sits on the chest of a sleeping person and causes bad dreams. This demon is known by similar names among Germanic peoples and lives in English nightmare, in Swedish mardröm (“nightmare”) and in German Nachtmahr (“nightmare”), among others.

Noun

mara

1. (folklore) nightmare, mara (demon that causes bad dreams)

   Synonym: painajainen

Declension

Etymology 2

From Spanish mará.

Noun

mara

1. mara (hare-like South American rodent of the family Dolichotis)

Declension

Anagrams

• maar

Gamilaraay

Alternative forms

• m?r?, márá, murra, m?rr?

Etymology

From Proto-Central New South Wales *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma?a/

Noun

mara

1. hand
2. finger

Quotations

• 1856, William Ridley, On the Kamilaroi Tribe of Australians and Their Dialect, in Journal of the Ethnological Society of London, volume 4:

  Hand . . . m?r?

  Fingers . . m?rr?.

• 1856, William Ridley, gurre kamilaroi, or Kamilaroi Sayings

  immanuel murra kaw?ni miedul, goe, “mi?d?l waria.”

  Immanuel by hand took the girl, said “damsel arise”.

• 1873, William Ridley, Australian Languages and Traditions, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 2:

  Hand|murra

• 1903, R. H. Mathews, Languages of the Kamilaroi and Other Aboriginal Tribes of New South Wales, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 33:

  Hand .... ....|murra

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
• Peter Austin, A Reference Dictionary of Gamilaraay, northern New South Wales (1993)

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese amarrar. Cognate with Kabuverdianu mára.

Verb

mara

1. to tie

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?ma.ra]
• Hyphenation: ma?ra

Etymology 1

From Sanskrit ??? (m?ra, “slaughter, destruction”).

Noun

mara (first-person possessive maraku, second-person possessive maramu, third-person possessive maranya)

1. calamity, danger

   Synonyms: bahala, bahaya, bala, bencana, cobaan, dakiat, keapesan, kecelakaan, kegagalan, kemaharan, kemalangan, kemudaratan, kerugian, kesialan, malapetaka, mara

Synonyms

• bahaya
• bencana
• malapetaka

Etymology 2

Unknown

Verb

mara

1. to go

Etymology 3

From Sanskrit ??? (ko?a, “fort, shed, hut”) +? ??? (m?ra, “killing, destroying”).

Noun

mara (first-person possessive maraku, second-person possessive maramu, third-person possessive maranya)

1. Alternative spelling of kotamara (“a kind of naval defensive structure”).

Further reading

• “mara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?m?a???]

Noun

mara f

1. inflection of muir (“sea”):
   1. genitive singular
   2. plural

Conjunction

mara

1. Cois Fharraige form of mura (“if... not, unless”)

Mutation

Further reading

• "mara" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Entries containing “mara” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “mara” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Japanese

Romanization

mara

1. R?maji transcription of ??

Kaurna

Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

mara

1. hand

Derived terms

• marawardli (“palm”)
• marawaka (“cupped hands”)

Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic ????????? (imra?a, “woman; wife”). Formally, a backformation from the latter’s definite form ??????????? (al-mar?a) as in most modern Arabic dialects.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mara/

Noun

mara f (construct state mart, plural nisa, masculine ra?el or ?ew?)

1. woman
2. wife
3. female (of an animal)

Mangarevan

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *mala, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mala?.

Verb

mara

1. (stative) be unhappy, dispirited

Further reading

• A Dictionary of Mangareva

Mapudungun

Noun

mara (using Raguileo Alphabet)

1. rabbit
2. hare

References

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Martuthunira

Etymology

From Proto-Ngayarda *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma?a/

Noun

mara

1. hand

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
• Dench, Alan Charles. 1995. Martuthunira: A Language of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Series C-125.

Ngiyambaa

Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

mara

1. hand

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• maren m

Noun

mara f

1. definite singular of mare

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

mara f (definite singular mara, indefinite plural marer or maror, definite plural marene or marone)

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 2012; superseded by mare
2. definite singular of mare

Verb

mara (present tense marar, past tense mara, past participle mara, passive infinitive marast, present participle marande, imperative mar)

1. Alternative form of mare

Anagrams

• amar, arma

Nyunga

Alternative forms

• marra
• maar (eastern dialect)

Etymology

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

mara

1. (northern dialect) hand

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *maizô.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m??r?/

Adjective

m?ra

1. more

Declension

Descendants

• Middle English: more, mare
  • English: more
  • Scots: mair

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *mar?.

Noun

mara f (genitive m?ru)

1. nightmare, incubus

Declension

Descendants

• Norwegian Nynorsk: mare f
• Norwegian Bokmål: mare m or f
• Swedish: mara c

Etymology 2

Probably related to marr m (“sea”).

Verb

mara

1. to be waterlogged, float low in the water

   marði þá undir þeim skipit

Conjugation

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the main entry.

Noun

mara

1. genitive plural of marr
2. genitive plural of marr

References

• mara in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Pali

Alternative forms

Verb

mara

1. second-person singular imperative active of marati (“to die”)

Panyjima

Etymology

From Proto-Ngayarda *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma?a/

Noun

mara

1. hand

References

• Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
• Dench, Alan. 1991. ‘Panyjima’. R.M.W. Dixon, Barry J. Blake (eds.) The Handbook of Australian Languages, Volume 4. Melbourne: Oxford University Press Australia, 125–244.

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese amarrar and Spanish amarrar and Kabuverdianu mára.

The Portuguese word comes from Dutch aanmeren.

Verb

mara

1. to tie

Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *mara.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ma.ra/

Noun

mara f

1. (literary) dream, nightmare
2. (Slavic mythology) A creature that drinks the blood of sleeping people; wight.

Declension

See also

• zmora

Descendants

• ? Belarusian: ????? (mára)

Further reading

• mara in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• mara in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?ma.??/
• Homophone: Mara

Etymology 1

Adjective

mara (plural mara, comparable)

1. (Brazil, slang) Clipping of maravilhoso.
   • Carmen Pimentel (quoting “Siba”), Comunidades virtuais, comunidades linguísticas in 2015, Idioma, n. 29, page 192:

   • 2018, Valentina Schulz, O Diário da Valen: Confissões de um ano inesquecível, Editora Alto Astral, page 61:

   • 2019, Wagner Fontoura, O Cozinheiro de Bangu, Nau Editora, page 144:

Etymology 2

From Spanish mara.

Noun

mara f (plural maras)

1. mara (Central American street gang)

Etymology 3

Verb

mara

1. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present indicative of marar
2. second-person singular (tu, sometimes used with você) affirmative imperative of marar

Rapa Nui

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *mala, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *mala?.

Verb

mara

1. to start rotting, going bad

Noun

mara

1. lump, bruise (from a blow)

Further reading

• Rapanui-English Dictionary

Scottish Gaelic

Noun

mara f sg

1. genitive singular of muir (“sea, ocean”)

Mutation

Spanish

Etymology 1

Clipping of marabunta.

Noun

mara f (plural maras)

1. (colloquial, El Salvador) people in one's in-group, one's crew ('group of friends' -- not 'work-force') (e.g. at work, at school, in one's soccer team, who may or may not be friends)

2. (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico) criminal gang

   Synonym: pandilla

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

mara f (plural maras)

1. Patagonian mara (Dolichotis australis)

Swahili

Etymology

From Arabic ??????? (marra)

Pronunciation

Noun

mara (n class, plural mara)

1. time (used to form adverbial numbers, as in "one time" (i.e. once))

Usage notes

• See Appendix:Swahili numbers#Adverbial numbers.

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse mara, from Proto-Germanic *mar?; cognate to Old English mare or mære.

Noun

mara c

1. a mythological creature blamed for giving people nightmares

Declension

Etymology 2

Contraction of maraton.

Noun

mara c

1. short for maratonlopp; a marathon race

Declension

Anagrams

• aram., arma, rama

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /?mara/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /?ma?ra/, /?mara/

Noun

mara

1. Nasal mutation of bara (“bread”).

Mutation

Yámana

Verb

mara

1. hear

Synonyms

• muS