different between unit vs shard

English

Etymology

Formerly unite, a later form of unity; see unity.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ju?.n?t/
• Rhymes: -u?n?t

Noun

unit (plural units)

1. (mathematics) Oneness, singularity, seen as a component of a whole number; a magnitude of one. [from 16th c.]
   • 1570, John Dee, in H. Billingsley (trans.) Euclid, Elements of Geometry, Preface:

     Number, we define, to be, a certayne Mathematicall S?me, of Vnits. [Note the worde, Vnit, to expresse the Greke Monas, & not Vnitie: as we haue all, commonly, till now, vsed.]

2. (sciences) A standard measure of a quantity.

3. The number one.
4. Clipping of international unit.

5. An organized group comprising people and/or equipment.

6. (military, informal) A member of a military organization.

7. (US, military) Any military element whose structure is prescribed by competent authority, such as a table of organization and equipment; specifically, part of an organization.
8. (US, military) An organization title of a subdivision of a group in a task force.
9. (US, military) A standard or basic quantity into which an item of supply is divided, issued, or detailed. In this meaning, also called unit of issue.
10. (US, military) With regard to Reserve Components of the Armed Forces, denotes a Selected Reserve unit organized, equipped, and trained for mobilization to serve on active duty as a unit or to augment or be augmented by another unit. Headquarters and support functions without wartime missions are not considered units.
11. (algebra) The identity element, neutral element.
12. (algebra) An element having an inverse, an invertible element; an associate of the unity.

    Hypernym: regular element

13. (category theory) In an adjunction, a natural transformation from the identity functor of the domain of the left adjoint functor to the composition of the right adjoint functor with the left adjoint functor.
14. (geology) A volume of rock or ice of identifiable origin and age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features (facies) that characterize it.
15. (commerce) An item which may be sold singly.

16. (Britain) A unit of alcohol.
17. (Britain, electricity) One kilowatt-hour (as recorded on an electricity meter).
18. (US, Australia, New Zealand) a measure of housing equivalent to the living quarters of one household; an apartment where a group of apartments is contained in one or more multi-storied buildings or a group of dwellings is in one or more single storey buildings, usually arranged around a driveway.
19. (historical) A gold coin of the reign of James I, worth twenty shillings.
20. A work unit.
21. (Britain, Australia, slang) A physically large person.
    • 2018, 11 December, BBC News, Aylesbury goalkeeper, 14, dies after match injury

      Luca's father, Americo Campanaro, said: "I feel like my heart has been ripped out."
      Mr Campanaro added: "He was a big lad, a big unit, that's why he was a goalkeeper, with a big heart to match. A gentle giant."

Synonyms

• (identity element): identity element, unity, unit element

Hyponyms

• (chip): arithmetic logic unit

Translations

Adjective

unit (not comparable)

1. For each unit.

   We have to keep our unit costs down if we want to make a profit.

2. (mathematics) Having a size or magnitude of one.
   • 1990, William W. S. Wei, Time Series Analysis, ?ISBN, page 9:

     Consider the following time sequence

     ${\displaystyle Z_{t}=A\sin(\omega t+\theta )}$,

     where ${\displaystyle A}$ is a random variable with a zero mean and a unit variance and ${\displaystyle \theta }$ is a random variable with a uniform distribution on the interval ${\displaystyle [-\pi ,\pi ]}$ independent of ${\displaystyle A}$.

Translations

Derived terms

References

Further reading

• unit in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• unit in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• unit at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• uint

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /u?nit/
• Rhymes: -it

Adjective

unit (feminine unida, masculine plural units, feminine plural unides)

1. united

Derived terms

• Emirats Àrabs Units
• Estats Units
• Estats Units d'Amèrica
• Regne Unit

Verb

unit m (feminine unida, masculine plural units, feminine plural unides)

1. past participle of unir

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /y.ni/

Verb

unit

1. third-person singular present indicative of unir
2. third-person singular past historic of unir

Anagrams

• nuit

Indonesian

Etymology

From English unit.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??n?t?]
• Hyphenation: unit

Noun

unit (first-person possessive unitku, second-person possessive unitmu, third-person possessive unitnya)

1. unit:
   1. (mathematics) oneness, singularity, seen as a component of a whole number; a magnitude of one.

      Synonym: satuan

   2. (sciences) a standard measure of a quantity.

Classifier

unit

1. Classifier for singularity.

Derived terms

Further reading

• “unit” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Latin

Verb

?nit

1. third-person singular present active indicative of ?ni?

Occitan

Pronunciation

Verb

unit

1. past participle of unir

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [u?nit]

Participle

unit

1. past participle of uni

Declension

Welsh

Alternative forms

• unet (colloquial)
• unset (colloquial)

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /???n?t/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /?i?n?t/, /??n?t/

Verb

unit

1. (literary) second-person singular imperfect/conditional of uno

Mutation

English

Pronunciation

• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /?a?d/
• (UK) IPA^(key): /???d/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /???d/
• Rhymes: -??(?)d

Etymology 1

From Middle English shard, scherd, scheard, schord, from Old English s?eard (“a broken piece; shard”), from Proto-Germanic *skard? (“notch; nick”), from *skardaz (“damaged; nicked; scarred”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Akin to Scots schaird (“shard”), French écharde (“splinter”), Dutch schaarde (“tear; notch; fragment”), German Scharte (“notch”), Old Norse skarð (“notch, hack”) ( > Danish skår).

The database sense is perhaps derived from the online gaming sense or from SHARD (System for Highly Available Replicated Data), name of a 1980s database product.

Alternative forms

• sherd

Noun

shard (plural shards)

1. A piece of broken glass or pottery, especially one found in an archaeological dig.

   Synonym: potsherd
2. (by extension) A piece of material, especially rock and similar materials, reminding of a broken piece of glass or pottery.

   Synonym: splinter

   • 2014, Paul Salopek, Blessed. Cursed. Claimed., National Geographic (December 2014)[2]

     Inside its exhibit hall, behind panes of glass, in a white-lit lab, a team of restorers works on an ancient Byzantine floor: 44 square yards of stone shards rescued from Lot’s Cave Monastery.

3. A tough scale, sheath, or shell; especially an elytron of a beetle.
4. (online gaming) An instance of an MMORPG that is one of several independent and structurally identical virtual worlds, none of which has so many players as to exhaust a system's resources.
   • 1997, Ultima Online. The term "shard" is related to the backstory of the game, in which the Gem of Immortality is shattered by the Stranger, the protagonist of Ultima I.

     "The planet was still bound to the jewel's magic, even as it lay shattered upon the floor of Mondain's castle. For,^[sic] within each shattered remnant of the jewel, dwelled a perfect likeness of Sosaria. Thus is the world in which you are born, live, and die. Brittania^[sic], that was once Sosaria, now exists as a thousand worlds, each with its own peoples, history and destiny. This Brittania^[sic] is but one of many in the multiverse that is... ...ULTIMA ONLINE." - Intro cinematic to the game, written by Michael Morlan [3]

5. (databases) A component of a sharded distributed database.

   Synonym: partition

6. (slang, in the singular or in the plural) A piece of crystal methamphetamine.

Derived terms

• potsherd

Translations

Verb

shard (third-person singular simple present shards, present participle sharding, simple past and past participle sharded)

1. (intransitive) To fall apart into shards, usually as the result of impact or explosion.
2. (transitive) To break (something) into shards.
3. (online gaming, transitive) To divide (an MMORPG) into several shards, or to establish a shard of one.

Translations

References

• (pottery) Shard, in the Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, 1974 edition.

Etymology 2

Noun

shard (uncountable)

1. The plant chard.
   • 1684, John Dryden, “From Horace, Epode 2” in The Second Part of Miscellany Poems, London: Jacob Tonson, 4th edition, p. 79,^[4]

     Not Heathpout, or the rarer Bird,

     Which Phasis, or Ionia yields,

     More pleasing Morsels would afford

     Than the fat Olives of my Fields;

     Than Shards or Mallows for the Pot,

     That keep the loosen’d Body sound,

     Or than the Lamb that falls by Lot,

     To the just Guardian of my Ground.

Anagrams

• Dhars, Hards, hards

Middle English

Noun

shard

1. Alternative form of scherd