different between under vs basal

English

Etymology

From Middle English under, from Old English under, from Proto-Germanic *under (whence also German unter, Dutch onder, Danish and Norwegian under), from a merger of Proto-Indo-European *n?d?ér (“under”) and *n?tér (“inside”). Akin to Old High German untar (“under”), Latin infr? (“below, beneath”) and inter (“between, among”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /??nd?(?)/, [??n.d?(?)]
• (US) IPA^(key): /??nd?/, [??n(?)?], [?????]
• (Northern England) IPA^(key): /??nd?/
• Rhymes: -?nd?(?)
• Hyphenation: un?der

Preposition

under

1. In or at a lower level than.
   • 1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room Chapter 1

     The little boys in the front bedroom had thrown off their blankets and lay under the sheets.
2. As a subject of; subordinate to.

3. Less than.
4. Below the surface of.
5. (figuratively) In the face of; in response to (some attacking force).
   • 2011, Tom Fordyce, Rugby World Cup 2011: England 12-19 France [5]

     England's World Cup dreams fell apart under a French onslaught on a night when their shortcomings were brutally exposed at the quarter-final stage.

6. As, in the character of.
   • 2013, The Huffington Post, JK Rowling Pseudonym: Robert Galbraith's 'The Cuckoo's Calling' Is Actually By Harry Potter Author [6]

     J.K. Rowling has written a crime novel called 'The Cuckoo's Calling' under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith.

Synonyms

• below
• beneath
• underneath

Antonyms

• above
• over

Translations

Adverb

under (not comparable)

1. In a way lower or less than.
   • (Can we add an example for this sense?)
2. In a way inferior to.
   • (Can we add an example for this sense?)
3. (informal) In an unconscious state.

   It took the hypnotist several minutes to make his subject go under.

Synonyms

• below
• beneath

Antonyms

• above
• over

Translations

Adjective

under (comparative more under, superlative most under)

1. Being lower; being beneath something.
   • 1611, Bible (King James Version), 1 Corinthians ix. 27

     I keep under my body, and bring it into subjection.

   • 1825, Thomas Moore, The Minster Boy

     The minstrel fell, but the foeman's chain / Could not bring his proud soul under.
2. (medicine, colloquial) Under anesthesia, especially general anesthesia; sedated.

   Ensure the patient is sufficiently under.

3. In a state of submission or defeat.
   • 1892, Sir George Giffard, Reminiscences of a Naval Officer (page 45)

     When ready for sea we went up to Greenhithe, that their lordships might inspect us, and then to Portsmouth, to take troops to Cork, a pleasant trip; but the troops left us a legacy of "mahogany flats," with which their beds were so swarming that we never got them under.

Derived terms

References

• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "The vertical axis", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

Anagrams

• Duren, nuder, ruden, runed, unred, urned

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse undir, from Proto-Germanic *under, cognate with English under, German unter.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /on(?)?r/, [?n?], [?n??] or (as an adverb or at the end of a phrase) IPA^(key): /on??r/, [??n??]

Preposition

under

1. under
2. underneath
3. below
4. during

Adverb

under

1. under

Etymology 2

From Old Norse undr, from Proto-Germanic *wundr?, cognate with English wonder, German Wunder.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /on??r/, [??n??]

Noun

under n (singular definite underet, plural indefinite undere)

1. wonder
2. marvel
3. miracle

Inflection

Related terms

• underfuld
• underlig
• undre
• vidunder

Etymology 3

Clipping of underdel or underside.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /on?r/, [??n?]

Noun

under c (singular definite underen, plural indefinite undere)

1. bottom (part)

Inflection

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the main entry.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /on?r/, [??n?]

Verb

under

1. present tense of unde

Latin

Verb

under

1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of und?

Middle English

Preposition

under

1. under
2. among

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??nd?r/ (example of pronunciation)

Etymology 1

From Old Norse undir, from Proto-Germanic *under.

Preposition

under

1. below; beneath
2. during
3. under

Derived terms

• oppunder
• under-
• underveis

Etymology 2

From Old Norse undr, from Proto-Germanic *wundr?, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh?- (“to wish for, desire, strive for, win, love”).

Noun

under n (definite singular underet or undret, indefinite plural under or undere or undre, definite plural undera or underne or undra or undrene)

1. wonder, marvel, miracle

Derived terms

• underfull
• underverk
• vidunder

References

• “under” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??nd?r/ (example of pronunciation)

Etymology 1

From Old Norse undir, from Proto-Germanic *under. Akin to English under.

Preposition

under

1. below, beneath, under
2. during

Derived terms

• oppunder
• under-

Etymology 2

From Old Norse undr, from Proto-Germanic *wundr?, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh?- (“to wish for, desire, strive for, win, love”). Akin to English wonder.

Noun

under n (definite singular underet, indefinite plural under, definite plural undera)

1. wonder, marvel, miracle

Derived terms

• underverk

References

• “under” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Dutch

Preposition

under

1. under

References

• Altniederfränkischer Psalm 63

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *under. Compare Old Saxon undar, Old High German untar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?un.der/

Preposition

under

1. under
2. among

Descendants

• Middle English: under
  • English: under
  • Scots: unner

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse undr, from Proto-Germanic *wundr?.

Noun

under n

1. wonder, miracle
2. wonderment, awe, marvel

Declension

Descendants

• Swedish: under

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??nd?r/

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish undir, from Old Norse undir, from Proto-Germanic *under.

Preposition

under

1. under; below; beneath
2. during, at the same time as

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish under, from Old Norse undr, from Proto-Germanic *wundr?, from Proto-Indo-European *wenh?- (“to wish for, desire, strive for, win, love”).

Noun

under n

1. wonder, miracle

Declension

Related terms

• underskatta
• undertag

See also

• på under
• under tiden

References

Anagrams

• runde, undre

English

Etymology

From base +? -al.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): [?be?s??]
• (US, also) IPA^(key): [?be?z??]
• Rhymes: -e?s?l, -e?z?l

Adjective

basal (comparative more basal, superlative most basal)

1. Basic, elementary; relating to, or forming, the base, or point of origin.

2. (anatomy) Associated with the base of an organism or structure.

3. (medicine) Of a minimal level that is necessary for maintaining the health or life of an organism.

4. (chiefly systematics) In a phylogenetic tree, being a group, or member of a group, which diverged earlier. The earliest clade to branch in a larger clade.

Synonyms

• basilar

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

basal (plural basals)

1. base, bottom, minimum
2. (anatomy) Any basal structure or part

Anagrams

• Ba'als, Baals, Ba?als, LABAs, albas, baals, balas, balsa, blaas, laabs, sabal

French

Adjective

basal (feminine singular basale, masculine plural basaux, feminine plural basales)

1. basal

German

Pronunciation

Adjective

basal (comparative basaler, superlative am basalsten)

1. basal

Declension

Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic ?????? (ba?al).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ba.sal/

Noun

basal m (collective, singulative basla, paucal basliet)

1. onion (as a mass or species); several onions

2. bulbs

Derived terms

Maranao

Verb

basal

1. to beat, to knock

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ba?sal/, [ba?sal]
• Hyphenation: ba?sal

Adjective

basal (plural basales)

1. basal

Derived terms

Related terms

• base

Further reading

• “basal” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.