different between true vs upright

English

Alternative forms

• trew, trewe (obsolete)
• troo (nonstandard)
• tr00 (leet)

Etymology

From Middle English trewe, from Old English tr?ewe, (Mercian) tr?owe (“trusty, faithful”), from Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (compare Saterland Frisian trjou (“honest”), Dutch getrouw and trouw, German treu, Norwegian and Swedish trygg (“safe, secure’”), from pre-Germanic *drewh?yos, from Proto-Indo-European *drewh?- (“steady, firm”) (compare Irish dearbh (“sure”), Old Prussian druwis (“faith”), Ancient Greek ????? (droón, “firm”)), extension of *dóru (“tree”). More at tree.

For the semantic development, compare Latin robustus (“tough”) from robur (“red oak”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /t?u?/
• (US) enPR: tr?? IPA^(key): /t?u/, [t???ü]
• (archaic) IPA^(key): /t?ju?/
• (now dialectal) IPA^(key): /t????/
• Rhymes: -u?

Adjective

true (comparative truer or more true, superlative truest or most true)

1. (of a statement) Conforming to the actual state of reality or fact; factually correct.
2. Conforming to a rule or pattern; exact; accurate.
3. (logic) Of the state in Boolean logic that indicates an affirmative or positive result.

4. Loyal, faithful.

5. Genuine; legitimate.
6. Used in the designation of group of species, or sometimes a single species, to indicate that it belongs to the clade its common name (which may be more broadly scoped in common speech) is restricted to in technical speech, or to distinguish it from a similar species, the latter of which may be called false.

7. (of an aim or missile in archery, shooting, golf, etc.) Accurate; following a path toward the target.
8. (chiefly probability) Fair, unbiased, not loaded.
   • 1990, William W. S. Wei, Time Series Analysis, ?ISBN, page 8:

     Let ${\displaystyle Z_{t}}$ be twice the value of a true die shown on the ${\displaystyle t}$-th toss.

   • 2006, Judith A. Baer, Leslie Friedman Goldstein, The Constitutional and Legal Rights of Women: Cases in Law and Social Change ?ISBN

     In fact, few profit margins can be predicted with such reliability as those provided by a true roulette wheel or other game of chance.

   • 2012, Peter Sprent, Applied Nonparametric Statistical Methods, Springer Science & Business Media ?ISBN, page 5

     We do not reject, because 9 heads and 3 tails is in a set of reasonably likely results when we toss a true coin.

9. (Of a literary genre) based on actual historical events.

Antonyms

• (of a statement, logic, loyal): false
• untrue

Derived terms

Related terms

• truth

Translations

Adverb

true (not comparable)

1. (of shooting, throwing etc) Accurately.

Translations

Noun

true (countable and uncountable, plural trues)

1. (uncountable) The state of being in alignment.
   • 1904, Lester Gray French, Machinery, Volume 10:

     Some toolmakers are very careless when drilling the first hole through work that is to be bored, claiming that if the drilled hole comes out of true somewhat it can be brought true with the boring tool.

   • 1922, F. Scott Fitzgerald, O Russet Witch! in Tales of the Jazz Age:

     She clapped her hands happily, and he thought how pretty she was really, that is, the upper part of her face—from the bridge of the nose down she was somewhat out of true.

   • 1988, Lois McMaster Bujold, Falling Free, Baen Publishing, ?ISBN, page 96:

     The crate shifted on its pallet, out of sync now. As the lift withdrew, the crate skidded with it, dragged by friction and gravity, skewing farther and farther from true.
2. (uncountable, obsolete) Truth.
3. (countable, obsolete) A pledge or truce.

Derived terms

• in true
• out of true

Translations

Verb

true (third-person singular simple present trues, present participle trueing or truing, simple past and past participle trued)

1. To straighten (of something that is supposed to be straight).

2. To make even, level, symmetrical, or accurate, align; adjust.

Usage notes

• Often followed by up.

Derived terms

• true-up

Translations

Anagrams

• -uret, rute

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga, Proto-Germanic *þr?g?n?, cognate with Swedish truga. The verb is related to Danish trykke and German drücken (“to press”) (= *þrukkijan?), but apparently not to German drohen (“threaten”) (= *þraujan?) or English threaten (= *þraut?n?).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tru??/, [?t???u?u], [?t???o?o]

Verb

true (past tense truede, past participle truet)

1. to threaten

Inflection

Further reading

• “true” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “true” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Middle English

Adjective

true

1. Alternative form of trewe

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga

Verb

true (imperative tru, present tense truer, passive trues, simple past and past participle trua or truet)

1. to threaten

Derived terms

• truende
• utrydningstruet

Related terms

• trussel

References

• “true” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• trua, truge

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga

Verb

true (present tense truar, past tense trua, past participle trua, passive infinitive truast, present participle truande, imperative tru)

1. to threaten

Related terms

• trussel

References

• “true” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

English

Etymology

From Middle English upright, uppryght, upriht, from Old English upriht (“upright; erect”), from Proto-Germanic *upprehtaz, equivalent to up- +? right. Cognate with Saterland Frisian apgjucht (“upright”), West Frisian oprjocht (“upright”), Dutch oprecht (“upright”), German Low German uprecht (“upright”), German aufrecht (“upright”), Swedish upprätt (“upright”), Icelandic upprétt (“upright”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??p?a?t/

Adjective

upright (comparative more upright, superlative most upright)

1. Vertical; erect.

   I was standing upright, waiting for my orders.

   • 1608, William Shakespeare, The merry Deuill of Edmonton, introduction, lines 1–4

     Fab[ell]:?What meanes the tolling of this fatall chime, // O what a trembling horror ?trikes my hart! // My ?tiffned haire ?tands vpright on my head, // As doe the bri?tles of a porcupine.

   • 1782, Fanny Burney, Cecilia; or, Memoirs of an Heiress, volume V, Book X, chapter X: “A Termination”, page 372

     Supported by pillows, ?he ?at almo?t upright.
2. Greater in height than breadth.
3. (figuratively) Of good morals; practicing ethical values.
   • 1611, King James Version, Job 1:1:

     There was a man in the land of Uz, whose name was Job; and that man was perfect and upright, and one that feared God, and eschewed evil.

4. (of a golf club) Having the head approximately at a right angle with the shaft.

Synonyms

• (vertical, erect): surrect (obsolete, rare)

Derived terms

• upright bass, upright bassist

Translations

Adverb

upright (comparative more upright, superlative most upright)

1. in or into an upright position

Translations

Noun

upright (plural uprights)

1. Any vertical part of a structure, especially one of the goal posts in sports.
2. A word clued by the successive initial, middle, or final letters of the cross-lights in a double acrostic or triple acrostic.
3. (informal) An upright piano.
4. (informal) An upright arcade game cabinet.
   • 2013, Jon Peddie, The History of Visual Magic in Computers (page 181)

     The video arcade machines are typically in stand up arcade cabinets, although some have been built as tables. The uprights have a monitor and controls in front and players insert coins or tokens into the machines to play the game.

5. Short for upright vacuum cleaner.

Holonyms

• (word clued by successive letters): double acrostic, triple acrostic

Related terms

• upright piano

Translations

Verb

upright (third-person singular simple present uprights, present participle uprighting, simple past and past participle uprighted)

1. (transitive) To set upright or stand back up (something that has fallen).