different between true vs open

English

Alternative forms

• trew, trewe (obsolete)
• troo (nonstandard)
• tr00 (leet)

Etymology

From Middle English trewe, from Old English tr?ewe, (Mercian) tr?owe (“trusty, faithful”), from Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (compare Saterland Frisian trjou (“honest”), Dutch getrouw and trouw, German treu, Norwegian and Swedish trygg (“safe, secure’”), from pre-Germanic *drewh?yos, from Proto-Indo-European *drewh?- (“steady, firm”) (compare Irish dearbh (“sure”), Old Prussian druwis (“faith”), Ancient Greek ????? (droón, “firm”)), extension of *dóru (“tree”). More at tree.

For the semantic development, compare Latin robustus (“tough”) from robur (“red oak”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /t?u?/
• (US) enPR: tr?? IPA^(key): /t?u/, [t???ü]
• (archaic) IPA^(key): /t?ju?/
• (now dialectal) IPA^(key): /t????/
• Rhymes: -u?

Adjective

true (comparative truer or more true, superlative truest or most true)

1. (of a statement) Conforming to the actual state of reality or fact; factually correct.
2. Conforming to a rule or pattern; exact; accurate.
3. (logic) Of the state in Boolean logic that indicates an affirmative or positive result.

4. Loyal, faithful.

5. Genuine; legitimate.
6. Used in the designation of group of species, or sometimes a single species, to indicate that it belongs to the clade its common name (which may be more broadly scoped in common speech) is restricted to in technical speech, or to distinguish it from a similar species, the latter of which may be called false.

7. (of an aim or missile in archery, shooting, golf, etc.) Accurate; following a path toward the target.
8. (chiefly probability) Fair, unbiased, not loaded.
   • 1990, William W. S. Wei, Time Series Analysis, ?ISBN, page 8:

     Let ${\displaystyle Z_{t}}$ be twice the value of a true die shown on the ${\displaystyle t}$-th toss.

   • 2006, Judith A. Baer, Leslie Friedman Goldstein, The Constitutional and Legal Rights of Women: Cases in Law and Social Change ?ISBN

     In fact, few profit margins can be predicted with such reliability as those provided by a true roulette wheel or other game of chance.

   • 2012, Peter Sprent, Applied Nonparametric Statistical Methods, Springer Science & Business Media ?ISBN, page 5

     We do not reject, because 9 heads and 3 tails is in a set of reasonably likely results when we toss a true coin.

9. (Of a literary genre) based on actual historical events.

Antonyms

• (of a statement, logic, loyal): false
• untrue

Derived terms

Related terms

• truth

Translations

Adverb

true (not comparable)

1. (of shooting, throwing etc) Accurately.

Translations

Noun

true (countable and uncountable, plural trues)

1. (uncountable) The state of being in alignment.
   • 1904, Lester Gray French, Machinery, Volume 10:

     Some toolmakers are very careless when drilling the first hole through work that is to be bored, claiming that if the drilled hole comes out of true somewhat it can be brought true with the boring tool.

   • 1922, F. Scott Fitzgerald, O Russet Witch! in Tales of the Jazz Age:

     She clapped her hands happily, and he thought how pretty she was really, that is, the upper part of her face—from the bridge of the nose down she was somewhat out of true.

   • 1988, Lois McMaster Bujold, Falling Free, Baen Publishing, ?ISBN, page 96:

     The crate shifted on its pallet, out of sync now. As the lift withdrew, the crate skidded with it, dragged by friction and gravity, skewing farther and farther from true.
2. (uncountable, obsolete) Truth.
3. (countable, obsolete) A pledge or truce.

Derived terms

• in true
• out of true

Translations

Verb

true (third-person singular simple present trues, present participle trueing or truing, simple past and past participle trued)

1. To straighten (of something that is supposed to be straight).

2. To make even, level, symmetrical, or accurate, align; adjust.

Usage notes

• Often followed by up.

Derived terms

• true-up

Translations

Anagrams

• -uret, rute

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga, Proto-Germanic *þr?g?n?, cognate with Swedish truga. The verb is related to Danish trykke and German drücken (“to press”) (= *þrukkijan?), but apparently not to German drohen (“threaten”) (= *þraujan?) or English threaten (= *þraut?n?).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tru??/, [?t???u?u], [?t???o?o]

Verb

true (past tense truede, past participle truet)

1. to threaten

Inflection

Further reading

• “true” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “true” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Middle English

Adjective

true

1. Alternative form of trewe

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga

Verb

true (imperative tru, present tense truer, passive trues, simple past and past participle trua or truet)

1. to threaten

Derived terms

• truende
• utrydningstruet

Related terms

• trussel

References

• “true” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• trua, truge

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga

Verb

true (present tense truar, past tense trua, past participle trua, passive infinitive truast, present participle truande, imperative tru)

1. to threaten

Related terms

• trussel

References

• “true” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ?'p?n, IPA^(key): /???.p?n/
• (US) enPR: ?'p?n, IPA^(key): /?o?.p?n/
• Rhymes: -??p?n

Etymology 1

From Middle English open, from Old English open (“open”), from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”), from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“up from under, over”). Cognate with Scots apen (“open”), Saterland Frisian eepen (“open”), West Frisian iepen (“open”), Dutch open (“open”), Low German open, apen (“open”), German offen (“open”), Danish åben (“open”), Swedish öppen (“open”), Norwegian Bokmål åpen (“open”), Norwegian Nynorsk open (“open”), Icelandic opinn (“open”). Compare also Latin supinus (“on one's back, supine”), Albanian hap (“to open”). Related to up.

Adjective

open (comparative more open, superlative most open)

1. (not comparable) Not closed
   1. able to be accessed
   2. able to have something pass through or along it.
      • 1908, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, Chapter 2

        The open road, the dusty highway […]

   3. (of a body part) not covered, showing what is inside

2. Not physically drawn together, closed, folded or contracted; extended

   • Each, with open arms, embraced her chosen knight.

3. (not comparable) Actively conducting or prepared to conduct business.
4. (comparable) Receptive.
5. (not comparable) Public
6. (not comparable) Candid, ingenuous, not subtle in character.
   • 1731-1735, Alexander Pope, Moral Essays

     with aspect open, shall erect his head

   • The French are always open, familiar, and talkative.

7. (mathematics, logic, of a formula) Having a free variable.
8. (mathematics, topology, of a set) Which is part of a predefined collection of subsets of ${\displaystyle X}$, that defines a topological space on ${\displaystyle X}$.
9. (graph theory, of a walk) Whose first and last vertices are different.
10. (computing, not comparable, of a file, document, etc.) In current use; mapped to part of memory.

11. (business) Not fulfilled.

12. Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration.

13. (music, stringed instruments) Of a note, played without pressing the string against the fingerboard.
14. (music, wind instruments) Of a note, played without closing any finger-hole, key or valve.
15. Not of a quality to prevent communication, as by closing waterways, blocking roads, etc.; hence, not frosty or inclement; mild; used of the weather or the climate.

16. (law, of correspondence) Written or sent with the intention that it may made public or referred to at any trial, rather than by way of confidential private negotiation for a settlement.

17. (phonetics) Uttered with a relatively wide opening of the articulating organs; said of vowels.
18. (phonetics) Uttered, as a consonant, with the oral passage simply narrowed without closure.
19. (phonetics, of a syllable) That ends in a vowel; not having a coda.
20. (computing, education) Made public, usable with a free licence and without proprietary components.
21. (medicine) Resulting from an incision, puncture or any other process by which the skin no longer protects an internal part of the body.
22. (computing, used before "code") Source code of a computer program that is not within the text of a macro being generated.

Synonyms

• (not closed): accessible, unimpeded
• (ending in a vowel): free
• (with a free license and no proprietary components): free

Antonyms

• (accessible): closed, shut
• (law): without prejudice
• (ending in a vowel): closed, checked
• (with a free license and no proprietary components): closed-source, proprietary

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English openen, from Old English openian (“to open”), from Proto-Germanic *upan?n? (“to raise; lift; open”), from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”, adjective). Cognate with Saterland Frisian eepenje (“to open”), West Frisian iepenje (“to open”), Dutch openen (“to open”), German öffnen (“to open”), Danish åbne (“to open”), Swedish öppna (“to open”), Norwegian Bokmål åpne (“to open”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic opna (“to open”). Related to English up.

Verb

open (third-person singular simple present opens, present participle opening, simple past and past participle opened)

1. (transitive) To make something accessible or allow for passage by moving from a shut position.

2. (transitive) To make (an open space, etc.) by clearing away an obstacle or obstacles, in order to allow for passage, access, or visibility.

3. (transitive) To bring up, broach.

4. (transitive) To enter upon, begin.

5. (transitive) To spread; to expand into an open or loose position.

6. (transitive) To make accessible to customers or clients.

7. (transitive) To start (a campaign).

8. (intransitive) To become open.

9. (intransitive) To begin conducting business.

10. (intransitive, cricket) To begin a side's innings as one of the first two batsmen.
11. (intransitive, poker) To bet before any other player has in a particular betting round in a game of poker.

12. (transitive, intransitive, poker) To reveal one's hand.

13. (computing, transitive, intransitive, of a file, document, etc.) To load into memory for viewing or editing.
14. (obsolete) To disclose; to reveal; to interpret; to explain.
    • 1622, Francis Bacon, The History of the Reign of King Henry the Seventh

      The king opened himself to some of his council, that he was sorry for the earl's death.

Synonyms

• (to make accessible): unseal
• (to bring up): raise
• (to enter upon): start; see also Thesaurus:begin
• (to disclose): bare; see also Thesaurus:reveal

Hyponyms

• (to make accessible): crack (open a bit)

Antonyms

• (to make accessible): bare, shut

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English open (“an aperture or opening”), from the verb (see Etymology 2 above). In the sports sense, however, a shortening of “open competition”.

Noun

open (plural opens)

1. (with the) Open or unobstructed space; an exposed location.

2. (with the) Public knowledge or scrutiny; full view.

3. (electronics) A defect in an electrical circuit preventing current from flowing.

4. A sports event in which anybody can compete

Derived terms

Translations

Anagrams

• Nope, nope, peno-, peon, pone

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch openen, from Middle Dutch ?penen, from Old Dutch opanon, from Proto-Germanic *upan?n?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /????.p?n/

Verb

open (present open, present participle openende, past participle geopen)

1. (transitive) to open

Related terms

• oop

Catalan

Etymology

From English open.

Noun

open m (plural open or òpens)

1. (sports) open

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?o?.p?(n)/
• Hyphenation: open
• Rhymes: -o?p?n

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch ?pen, from Old Dutch opan, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz.

Adjective

open (comparative opener, superlative openst)

1. open, not closed

   Antonyms: gesloten, dicht, toe

2. open for business

   Antonyms: gesloten, dicht

3. open, receptive

   Antonym: gesloten

Inflection

Antonyms

• gesloten

Derived terms

• openbaar
• openbaren
• openen
• opener
• opening
• openlijk

Descendants

• Afrikaans: oop

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

open

1. first-person singular present indicative of openen
2. imperative of openen

Anagrams

• nope

Finnish

Noun

open

1. genitive singular of ope

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English open.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?.p?n/

Noun

open m (plural opens)

1. open; open tournament

Further reading

• “open” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch opan, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz.

Adjective

?pen

1. open, not closed
2. open, accessible
3. freely accessible, public

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• ?penen

Descendants

• Dutch: open
  • Afrikaans: oop
• Limburgish: aop

Further reading

• “open”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “open (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page II

Middle English

Alternative forms

• opyn, ope

Etymology

From Old English open, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz.

Adjective

open (comparative more open, superlative most open)

1. open
   • 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 9-11.

     And smale foweles maken melodye,

     That slepen al the nyght with open eye-

     (So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);

     And many little birds make melody

     That sleep through all the night with open eye

     (So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)

Related terms

• open-ers
• openly

Descendants

• English: open (obsolete ope)
• Scots: appen, apen

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse opinn, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz. Compare Danish åben, Icelandic opinn, Swedish öppen, Dutch open, Low German apen, open, German offen, West Frisian iepen, English open.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²o?p?n/

Adjective

open (masculine and feminine open, neuter ope or opent, definite singular and plural opne, comparative opnare, indefinite superlative opnast, definite superlative opnaste)

1. open

Related terms

• opna, opne

See also

• åpen (Bokmål)

References

• “open” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *upanaz. Originally a past participle of Proto-Germanic *?pan? (“to lift up, open”). Akin to Old English ?p (“up”). Cognate with Old Frisian open, opin, epen (West Frisian iepen), Old Saxon opan, open (Low German apen, open), Dutch open, Old High German offan, ofan, ophan (German offen), Old Norse opinn (Danish åben, Norwegian open, Swedish öppen).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?o.pen/

Adjective

open

1. open

Declension

Derived terms

• openl??

Descendants

• Middle English: open, opyn, ope
  • Scots: appen, apen
  • English: open

Plautdietsch

Adjective

open

1. open

Spanish

Etymology

From English open.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?open/, [?o.p?n]

Noun

open m (plural opens or open)

1. (sports) open