different between true vs lasting

English

Alternative forms

• trew, trewe (obsolete)
• troo (nonstandard)
• tr00 (leet)

Etymology

From Middle English trewe, from Old English tr?ewe, (Mercian) tr?owe (“trusty, faithful”), from Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (compare Saterland Frisian trjou (“honest”), Dutch getrouw and trouw, German treu, Norwegian and Swedish trygg (“safe, secure’”), from pre-Germanic *drewh?yos, from Proto-Indo-European *drewh?- (“steady, firm”) (compare Irish dearbh (“sure”), Old Prussian druwis (“faith”), Ancient Greek ????? (droón, “firm”)), extension of *dóru (“tree”). More at tree.

For the semantic development, compare Latin robustus (“tough”) from robur (“red oak”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /t?u?/
• (US) enPR: tr?? IPA^(key): /t?u/, [t???ü]
• (archaic) IPA^(key): /t?ju?/
• (now dialectal) IPA^(key): /t????/
• Rhymes: -u?

Adjective

true (comparative truer or more true, superlative truest or most true)

1. (of a statement) Conforming to the actual state of reality or fact; factually correct.
2. Conforming to a rule or pattern; exact; accurate.
3. (logic) Of the state in Boolean logic that indicates an affirmative or positive result.

4. Loyal, faithful.

5. Genuine; legitimate.
6. Used in the designation of group of species, or sometimes a single species, to indicate that it belongs to the clade its common name (which may be more broadly scoped in common speech) is restricted to in technical speech, or to distinguish it from a similar species, the latter of which may be called false.

7. (of an aim or missile in archery, shooting, golf, etc.) Accurate; following a path toward the target.
8. (chiefly probability) Fair, unbiased, not loaded.
   • 1990, William W. S. Wei, Time Series Analysis, ?ISBN, page 8:

     Let ${\displaystyle Z_{t}}$ be twice the value of a true die shown on the ${\displaystyle t}$-th toss.

   • 2006, Judith A. Baer, Leslie Friedman Goldstein, The Constitutional and Legal Rights of Women: Cases in Law and Social Change ?ISBN

     In fact, few profit margins can be predicted with such reliability as those provided by a true roulette wheel or other game of chance.

   • 2012, Peter Sprent, Applied Nonparametric Statistical Methods, Springer Science & Business Media ?ISBN, page 5

     We do not reject, because 9 heads and 3 tails is in a set of reasonably likely results when we toss a true coin.

9. (Of a literary genre) based on actual historical events.

Antonyms

• (of a statement, logic, loyal): false
• untrue

Derived terms

Related terms

• truth

Translations

Adverb

true (not comparable)

1. (of shooting, throwing etc) Accurately.

Translations

Noun

true (countable and uncountable, plural trues)

1. (uncountable) The state of being in alignment.
   • 1904, Lester Gray French, Machinery, Volume 10:

     Some toolmakers are very careless when drilling the first hole through work that is to be bored, claiming that if the drilled hole comes out of true somewhat it can be brought true with the boring tool.

   • 1922, F. Scott Fitzgerald, O Russet Witch! in Tales of the Jazz Age:

     She clapped her hands happily, and he thought how pretty she was really, that is, the upper part of her face—from the bridge of the nose down she was somewhat out of true.

   • 1988, Lois McMaster Bujold, Falling Free, Baen Publishing, ?ISBN, page 96:

     The crate shifted on its pallet, out of sync now. As the lift withdrew, the crate skidded with it, dragged by friction and gravity, skewing farther and farther from true.
2. (uncountable, obsolete) Truth.
3. (countable, obsolete) A pledge or truce.

Derived terms

• in true
• out of true

Translations

Verb

true (third-person singular simple present trues, present participle trueing or truing, simple past and past participle trued)

1. To straighten (of something that is supposed to be straight).

2. To make even, level, symmetrical, or accurate, align; adjust.

Usage notes

• Often followed by up.

Derived terms

• true-up

Translations

Anagrams

• -uret, rute

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga, Proto-Germanic *þr?g?n?, cognate with Swedish truga. The verb is related to Danish trykke and German drücken (“to press”) (= *þrukkijan?), but apparently not to German drohen (“threaten”) (= *þraujan?) or English threaten (= *þraut?n?).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tru??/, [?t???u?u], [?t???o?o]

Verb

true (past tense truede, past participle truet)

1. to threaten

Inflection

Further reading

• “true” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “true” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Middle English

Adjective

true

1. Alternative form of trewe

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga

Verb

true (imperative tru, present tense truer, passive trues, simple past and past participle trua or truet)

1. to threaten

Derived terms

• truende
• utrydningstruet

Related terms

• trussel

References

• “true” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• trua, truge

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga

Verb

true (present tense truar, past tense trua, past participle trua, passive infinitive truast, present participle truande, imperative tru)

1. to threaten

Related terms

• trussel

References

• “true” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

English

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /?læst??/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?l??st??/
• (æ-tensing) IPA^(key): /?le?st??/
• (Northern England) IPA^(key): /?last??/
• Rhymes: -??st??, -æst??
• Hyphenation: last?ing

Adjective

lasting (comparative more lasting, superlative most lasting)

1. Persisting for an extended period of time.

   Synonyms: abiding, durable; see also Thesaurus:lasting

   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, London: William Ponsonbie, Book 2, Canto 5, p. 249,^[1]

     […] hasty wroth, and heedlesse hazardry

     Doe breede repentaunce late, and lasting infamy.

   • 1706, Susanna Centlivre, Love at a Venture, London: John Chantry, Act V, p. 63,^[2]

     Look ye, Marriage is a lasting thing—if it were for six Months only, I might venture upon thee—but for all days of my Life—mercy upon me […]

   • 1823, Lord Byron, Don Juan, Canto 11,^[3]

     I knew that nought was lasting, but now even

     Change grows too changeable, without being new:

   • 1931, Pearl S. Buck, The Good Earth, New York: Modern Library, 1944, Chapter 34, p. 311,^[4]

     Then his son bought a carven coffin hewn from a great log of fragrant wood which is used to bury the dead in and for nothing else because that wood is as lasting as iron, and more lasting than human bones, and Wang Lung was comforted.
2. (obsolete) Persisting forever.

   Synonyms: eternal, everlasting; see also Thesaurus:eternal

   • c. 1596, William Shakespeare, King John, Act 5, Scene 7,^[6]

     I am the cygnet to this pale faint swan,

     Who chants a doleful hymn to his own death,

     And from the organ-pipe of frailty sings

     His soul and body to their lasting rest.

   • 1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress, London: Nath. Ponder, p. 24,^[7]

     Things that are first must give place, but things that are last, are lasting.

Derived terms

• lastingly
• lastingness

Translations

Verb

lasting

1. present participle of last

Noun

lasting (plural lastings)

1. (obsolete) The action or state of persisting; the time during which something or someone persists.

   Synonyms: continuance, duration, endurance

   • 1598, I. D. (possibly John Dee) (translator), Aristotles Politiques, or Discourses of Gouernment, London: Adam Islip, Chapter 12, p. 334,^[8]

     But all things that haue beginning, must come to an end, and whatsoeuer groweth, must likewise deminish, being subiect to corruption and change, according to the time appointed vnto it by the course of Nature, as is seene by experience in plants, and in wights, which haue their ages and lastings certaine and determined.

   • 1651, John Donne, Letters to Severall Persons of Honour, London: Richard Marriot, dedicatory epistle,^[9]

     […] it may be some kinde of Prophecy, of the continuance, and lasting of these Letters, that having been scattered, more then Sibyls leaves, I cannot say into parts, but corners of the World, they have recollected and united themselves […]

   • 1690, John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, London: Thomas Basset, Book 2, Chapter 10, § 4, p. 65,^[10]

     But concerning the several degrees of lasting, wherewith Ideas are imprinted on the Memory, we may observe […]

2. A durable woollen material formerly used for women's shoes.

   Synonym: everlasting

3. The act or process of shaping footwear on a last.

Anagrams

• Gatlins, salting, slating, staling

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From laste +? -ing

Noun

lasting f or m (definite singular lastinga or lastingen, indefinite plural lastinger, definite plural lastingene)

1. loading (av / of)

Antonyms

• lossing

References

• “laste_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From laste +? -ing

Noun

lasting f (definite singular lastinga, indefinite plural lastingar, definite plural lastingane)

1. loading (av / of)

Antonyms

• lossing

References

• “lasting” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.