different between transcendental vs rapt

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?t?æns?n?d?nt?l/

Noun

transcendental (plural transcendentals)

1. (obsolete) A transcendentalist.
2. (philosophy, metaphysics, Platonism, Christian theology, usually in the plural) Any one of the three transcendental properties of being: truth, beauty or goodness, which respectively are the ideals of science, art and religion and the principal subjects of the study of logic, aesthetics and ethics.
   • 2002, Robert C. Neville, Religion in Late Modernity, State University of New York Press, page 72,

     In deference to Christian usage we can say that the transcendentals constitute the Logos within which everything has its being and according to which everything is made.

   • 2012, Lukas Soderstrom (translator), Jean Grondin, Introduction to Metaphysics: From Parmenides to Levinas, Columbia University Press, page 105,

     These predicates of Being are what the Medievals called, using a term that will have a fertile future, "transcendentals" (often called the "universals") because they transcend all particular genera, following the example of Being.⁹⁶ A quarrel over these transcendentals even shook the later Middle Ages. The quarrel stemmed from the question of whether the existence of these transcendentals was real or intellectual (also called nominal).

   • 2012, Jan Aertsen, Medieval Philosophy as Transcendental Thought: From Philip the Chancellor (ca. 1225) to Francisco Suárez, BRILL, page 515,

     The medieval doctrine of the transcendentals is closely connected with a metaphysical conception of reality, but is there a science of being in William of Ockham (ca. 1285-1347)?

   • 2015, Anthony Howard, Humanise: Why Human-Centred Leadership is the Key to the 21st Century, Wiley, page 70,

     Another fascinating thing about the transcendentals is that each is fully contained in the others. When you appreciate beauty, for example, you recognise the presence of goodness and truth. When you grasp the truth about something you experience a moment of beauty in, perhaps, the simplicity or power of the insight. When you observe goodness in the actions of another person you are seeing truth and beauty in operation.

Translations

Adjective

transcendental (comparative more transcendental, superlative most transcendental)

1. (philosophy) Concerned with the a priori or intuitive basis of knowledge, independent of experience.
   • 1985, J. N. Mohanty, The Possibility of Transcendental Philosophy, Kluwer Academic (Martinus Nijhoff), page xiii,

     The best way to demonstrate the possibility of something is to show its actuality, for actuality implies possibility. At least since Kant, transcendental philosophies have been on the scene. However, such simple demonstration of the possibility of transcendental philosophy has not been effective and is not likely to be so — so strong is the presumption that transcendental philosophy just could not be possible, or, if it was possible earlier, it is not possible now.

   • 1999, Robert Stern, 4: On Kant's Response to Hume: The Second Analogy as Transcendental Argument, Robert Stern (editor), Transcendental Arguments: Problems and Prospects, 2003, Oxford University Press (Clarendon Press), Paperback, page 47,

     Whilst it was once held that transcendental arguments could provide a direct and straightforward refutation of scepticism, this view now seems over-optimistic.

   • 2007, Steven Crowell, Jeff Malpas, Chapter 1: Introduction Steven Crowell, Jeff Malpas, (editors), Transcendental Heidegger, Stanford University Press, page 1,

     Not only does Heidegger's early work stand within the framework of transcendental phenomenology as established by Husserl—even though it also contests and revises that framework—but that thinking also stands in a close relationship to the critical philosophy of Immanuel Kant, and specifically to the transcendental project, and modes of argument, of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason.

2. Superior; surpassing all others; extraordinary; transcendent.
3. Mystical or supernatural.
4. (algebra, number theory, field theory, of a number or an element of an extension field) Not algebraic (i.e., not the root of any polynomial that has positive degree and rational coefficients).
   • 1975, Alan Baker, Transcendental Number Theory, Cambridge University Press, 1990, 2nd Edition, page 1,

     The theory of transcendental numbers was originated by Liouville in his famous memoir^† of 1844 in which he obtained, for the first time, a class, très-étendue, as it was described in the title of the paper, of numbers that satisfy no algebraic equation with integer coefficients.

   • 2005, Juan G. Roederer, Information and Its Role in Nature, Springer, page 28,

     If the distribution of decimal digits of ${\displaystyle \pi }$ (or any other transcendental number) is truly random (suspected but not yet mathematically proven!), given any arbitrary finite sequence of whole numbers, that sequence would be included an infinite number of times in the decimal expansion of ${\displaystyle \pi }$.

5. (algebra, field theory, of an extension field) That contains elements that are not algebraic.
   • 2006, Steven Roman, Field Theory, Springer, 2nd Edition, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 158, page 108,

     Suppose that ${\displaystyle F<E}$ is purely transcendental. Show that any simple extension of ${\displaystyle F}$ contained in ${\displaystyle E}$ (but not equal to ${\displaystyle F}$) is transcendental over ${\displaystyle F}$.

Antonyms

• (not the root of a polynomial with rational coefficients): algebraic
• (containing elements that are not the root of a polynomial): algebraic

Hypernyms

• (not the root of a polynomial with rational coefficients): irrational

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Further reading

• Transcendence on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• (philosophy):
  • Transcendentals on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • Epistemology#Idealism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • Metaphysics on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • Critique of Pure Reason on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• (algebra, number theory, field theory):
  • Transcendental number on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • Liouville number#Liouville numbers and transcendence on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • Field (mathematics)#Transcendence bases on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • Field extension#Transcendental extension on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • Transcendental extension on Encyclopedia of Mathematics
  • Transcendental Extension on Wolfram MathWorld

German

Adjective

transcendental (comparative transcendentaler, superlative am transcendentalsten)

1. Obsolete spelling of transzendental

Declension

Romanian

Etymology

From French transcendantal, from Latin transcendentalis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?trans.t??e.den?tal/

Adjective

transcendental m or n (feminine singular transcendental?, masculine plural transcendentali, feminine and neuter plural transcendentale)

1. transcendental

Declension

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /t?ans?enden?tal/, [t??ãns.??n?.d??n??t?al]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America) /t?ansenden?tal/, [t??ãn.s?n?.d??n??t?al]

Adjective

transcendental (plural transcendentales)

1. transcendental

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin raptus, past participle of rapio (“to seize”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??æpt/
• Rhymes: -æpt
• Homophones: rapped, wrapped, wrapt

Adjective

rapt (comparative more rapt, superlative most rapt)

1. (not comparable, archaic) Snatched, taken away; abducted.
   • 1626, Henry Wotton, letter to Nicholas Pey

     From Oxford I was rapt by my nephew, Sir Edmund Francis Bacon, to Redgrove.

2. (not comparable) Lifted up into the air; transported into heaven.
3. (comparable) Very interested, involved in something, absorbed, transfixed; fascinated or engrossed.

   The children watched in rapt attention as the magician produced object after object from his hat.

   • 1851-2, George W. M. Reynolds, The Necromancer, in Reynolds?s Miscellany, republished 1857; 2008, page 247,

     It was an enthusiasm of the most rapt and holy kind.

   • 1906, Ford Madox Ford, The Fifth Queen; And How She Came to Court, Works of Ford Madox Ford, 2011, unnumbered page,

     Her expression grew more rapt; she paused as if she had lost the thread of the words and then spoke again, gazing far out over the hall as jugglers do in performing feats of balancing: […] .

   • 1908, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows

     The Rat never answered, if indeed he heard. Rapt, transported, trembling, he was possessed in all his senses by this new divine thing that caught up his helpless soul and swung and dandled it, a powerless but happy infant in a strong sustaining grasp.

   • 1998, Derel Leebaert, Present at the Creation, Derek Leebaert (editor), The Future of the Electronic Marketplace, page 24,
4. (comparable) Enthusiatic; ecstatic, elated, happy.

   He was rapt with his exam results.

   • I […] am rapt with joy to see my Marcia's tears.

   • 1996, James Richard Giles, Wanda H. Giles, American Novelists Since World War II: Fifth Series, page 139,

     Creatures who navigate long-distance migrations — including the green turtles, wind birds, or great cranes — draw his most rapt commentaries.

   • 2010, Michael Reichert, Richard Hawley, Reaching Boys, Teaching Boys: Strategies that Work—and Why, John Wiley & Sons, US, page 121,

     Even in the most rapt accounts of independent student work, there appears an appreciative acknowledgment of the teacher?s having determined just the right amount of room necessary to build autonomy without risking frustration and failure.

   • 2010, Caroline Overington, I Came to Say Goodbye, page 201,

     One bloke I met in the pub was the owner of the local meatworks. He was rapt to have the Sudanese, and if 1600 more were coming – that was the rumour – well, he?d have been even more rapt.

   • 2012, Greig Caigou, Wild Horizons: More Great Hunting Adventures, HarperCollins (New Zealand), unnumbered page,

     These are worthy aspects of the hunt to give some consideration to with the next generation, because market forces want us to get more rapt with ever more sophisticated gear and an algorithmic conquering of animal instinct.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:rapt

Related terms

• rapture

Translations

Verb

rapt (third-person singular simple present rapts, present participle rapting, simple past and past participle rapted or rapt)

1. (obsolete) To transport or ravish.
   • 1612, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion song 6 p. 89[1]:

     The Bards with furie rapt, the British youth among,

     Unto the charming Harpe thy future honor song

2. (obsolete) To carry away by force.
   • 1819-20, Washington Irving, The Spectre Bridegroom, The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., reprinted in 1840, The Works of Washington Irving, Volume 1, page 256,

     His only daughter had either been rapt away to the grave, or he was to have some wood-demon for a son-in-law, and, perchance, a troop of goblin grandchildren.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Daniel to this entry?)

Noun

rapt (plural rapts)

1. (obsolete) An ecstasy; a trance.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Bishop Morton to this entry?)

2. (obsolete) Rapidity.
   • 1646, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, 2nd edition, London: Edw. Dod & Nath. Ekins, 1650, Preface,^[2]

     […] like the great exemplary wheeles of heaven, we must observe two Circles: that while we are daily carried about, and whirled on by the swinge and rapt of the one, we may maintain a naturall and proper course, in the slow and sober wheele of the other.

Anagrams

• TRAP, part, part., patr-, prat, rtPA, tarp, trap

Danish

Adjective

rapt

1. neuter singular of rap

Adverb

rapt

1. quickly, rapidly

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin raptus. Cf. ravir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?apt/

Noun

rapt m (plural rapts)

1. kidnapping, abduction

Synonyms

• enlèvement

Related terms

• ravir

Further reading

• “rapt” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• rapa, rapet

Verb

rapt

1. past participle of rape

Romanian

Etymology

From French rapt, from Latin raptus.

Noun

rapt n (plural rapturi)

1. kidnapping, abduction

Declension