different between train vs plethora

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English trayne (“train”), from Old French train (“a delay, a drawing out”), from traïner (“to pull out, to draw”), from Vulgar Latin *tragin?, from *trag?, from Latin trah? (“to pull, to draw”). The verb was derived from the noun in Middle English.

Pronunciation

• enPR: tr?n, IPA^(key): /t?e?n/
• Rhymes: -e?n
• Hyphenation: train

Noun

train (plural trains)

1. Elongated portion.
   1. The elongated back portion of a dress or skirt (or an ornamental piece of material added to similar effect), which drags along the ground. [from 14th c.]
      • 1817, Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey:

        They called each other by their Christian name, were always arm in arm when they walked, pinned up each other's train for the dance, and were not to be divided in the set [...].

      • 2011, Imogen Fox, The Guardian, 20 Apr 2011:

        Lace sleeves, a demure neckline, a full skirt and a relatively modest train.

   2. A trail or line of something, especially gunpowder. [from 15th c.]
      • 1785, Thomas Jefferson, Letter to Richard Price:

        [E]mancipation is put into such a train that in a few years there will be no slaves Northward of Maryland.

      • 1873, Charlotte Mary Yonge, Aunt Charlotte's Stories of English History for the little ones:

        A party was sent to search, and there they found all the powder ready prepared, and, moreover, a man with a lantern, one Guy Fawkes, who had undertaken to be the one to set fire to the train of gunpowder, hoping to escape before the explosion.

   3. The tail of a bird.
   4. (astronomy) A transient trail of glowing ions behind a large meteor as it falls through the atmosphere.
   5. (now rare) An animal's trail or track. [from 16th c.]
2. Connected sequence of people or things.
   1. A group of people following an important figure, king etc.; a retinue, a group of retainers. [from 14th c.]
      • 1610, The Tempest, by Shakespeare, act 5 scene 1

        Sir, I invite your Highness and your train / To my poor cell, where you shall take your rest /For this one night

      • 2009, Anne Easter Smith, The King's Grace:

        Grace was glad the citizenry did not know Katherine Gordon was in the king's train, but she was beginning to understand Henry's motive for including the pretender's wife.

   2. A group of animals, vehicles, or people that follow one another in a line, such as a wagon train; a caravan or procession. [from 15th c.]

   3. A sequence of events or ideas which are interconnected; a course or procedure of something. [from 15th c.]
      • 1872, Charles Darwin, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals:

        A man may be absorbed in the deepest thought, and his brow will remain smooth until he encounters some obstacle in his train of reasoning, or is interrupted by some disturbance, and then a frown passes like a shadow over his brow.

      • 2012, Rory Carroll, The Guardian, 18 Jun 2012:

        "Where was I?" he asked several times during the lunch, losing his train of thought.

   4. (military) The men and vehicles following an army, which carry artillery and other equipment for battle or siege. [from 16th c.]
   5. (obsolete) State of progress, status, situation (in phrases introduced by in a + adjective). [18th-19th c.]
      • 1748, Samuel Richardson, Clarissa, London, Volume 4, Letter 26, p. 139,^[1]

        As we had been in a good train for several days past, I thought it not prudent to break with him, for little matters.

      • 1779, Samuel Jackson Pratt, Shenstone-Green: or, the New Paradise Lost, London, R. Baldwin, Volume 1, Chapter 7, p. 46,^[2]

        I took care that my absence should neither be lamented by the poor nor the rich. I put every thing in a fair train of going on smoothly, and actually set out, with my steward, for my estate in Wales at dawning of the day.

      • 1787, George Washington, letter to Alexander Hamilton dated 10 July, 1787, in The Writings of George Washington, Boston: American Stationers’ Company, 1837, Volume 9, p. 260,^[3]

        When I refer you to the state of the counsels, which prevailed at the period you left this city, and add that they are now if possible in a worse train than ever, you will find but little ground on which the hope of a good establishment can be formed.

      • 1814, Jane Austen, Mansfield Park, London: T. Egerton, Volume 3, Chapter 6, p. 121,^[4]

        […] every thing was now in a fairer train for Miss Crawford’s marrying Edmund than it had ever been before.

   6. A set of interconnected mechanical parts which operate each other in sequence. [from 18th c.]
   7. A series of electrical pulses. [from 19th c.]
   8. A series of specified vehicles, originally tramcars in a mine, and later especially railway carriages, coupled together. [from 19th c.]
   9. A line of connected railway cars or carriages considered overall as a mode of transport; (as uncountable noun) rail travel. [from 19th c.]
      • 2009, Hanif Kureishi, The Guardian, 24 Jan 2009:

        This winter we thought we'd go to Venice by train, for the adventure.
   10. A long, heavy sleigh used in Canada for the transportation of merchandise, wood, etc.
   11. (computing) A software release schedule.
       • 2008, Michael Bushong, Cathy Gadecki, Aviva Garrett, JUNOS For Dummies (page 16)

         What steps do development engineers follow when adding new feature code? How do they support different software versions or release trains?

   12. (sex, slang) An act wherein series of men line up and then penetrate a person, especially as a form of gang rape. [from 20th c.]
       • 1988, X Motion Picture and Center for New Art Activities (New York, N.Y.), Bomb: Issues 26-29, link

         Then Swooney agreed, "Yeah, let's run a train up the fat cunt."

       • 2005, Violet Blue, Best Women's Erotica 2006: Volume 2001, link

         “You want us to run a train on you?”

       • 2010, Diesel King, A Good Time in the Hood, page 12

         We eventually began to decide that with the endless supply of men we had there was no need to only run trains, or gangbang, the insatiables.

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Irish: traein
• ? Welsh: trên

Translations

Verb

train (third-person singular simple present trains, present participle training, simple past and past participle trained)

1. (intransitive) To practice an ability.

2. (transitive) To teach and form (someone) by practice; to educate (someone).
3. (intransitive) To improve one's fitness.

4. To proceed in sequence.
5. (transitive) To move (a gun) laterally so that it points in a different direction.

6. (transitive, horticulture) To encourage (a plant or branch) to grow in a particular direction or shape, usually by pruning and bending.
   • 1805, Francis Jeffrey, article in The Edinburgh Review

     He trains the young branches to the right hand or to the left.

7. (mining) To trace (a lode or any mineral appearance) to its head.
8. (transitive, video games) To create a trainer for; to apply cheats to (a game).
   • 2000, "Sensei David O.E. Mohr - Lord Ronin from Q-Link", WTB:"The Last V-8" C128 game -name correction (on newsgroup comp.sys.cbm)

     I got a twix on the 128 version being fixed and trained by Mad Max at M2K BBS 208-587-7636 in Mountain Home Idaho. He fixes many games and puts them on his board. One of my sources for games and utils.

9. (obsolete) To draw along; to trail; to drag.
10. (obsolete) To draw by persuasion, artifice, or the like; to attract by stratagem; to entice; to allure.
    • c. 1626, John Ford 'Tis Pity She's a Whore

      This feast, I'll gage my life, / Is but a plot to train you to your ruin.

    • 1825, Sir Walter Scott, The Talisman

      Thou hast been trained from thy post by some deep guile — some well-devised stratagem — the cry of some distressed maiden has caught thine ear, or the laughful look of some merry one has taken thine eye.

Derived terms

See also

• exercise
• work out

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English trayne (“treachery”), from Anglo-Norman traine, Middle French traïne, from traïr (“to betray”).

Noun

train (plural trains)

1. (obsolete) Treachery; deceit. [14th-19th c.]
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.3:

     In the meane time, through that false Ladies traine / He was surprisd, and buried under beare, / Ne ever to his worke returnd againe [...].

2. (obsolete) A trick or stratagem. [14th-19th c.]
3. (obsolete) A trap for animals; a snare. [14th-18th c.]
4. (obsolete) A lure; a decoy. [15th-18th c.]

Further reading

• Train on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Artin, Tarin, Tiran, Trina, atrin, intra-, riant, tairn, tarin

Dutch

Pronunciation

Verb

train

1. first-person singular present indicative of trainen
2. imperative of trainen

Anagrams

• tiran

French

Etymology

From Middle French train, from Old French train, from the verb trahiner (“to pull, drag”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t???/

Noun

train m (plural trains)

1. train (rail mounted vehicle)
2. pace
3. (Louisiana) noise

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Spanish: tren
  • ? Moroccan Arabic: ????? (tr?n)
  • ? Tagalog: tren
  • ? Tetelcingo Nahuatl: treni?
  • ? Yaqui: tréen
• ? Sicilian: trenu

Further reading

• “train” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• riant

Norman

Etymology

From Old French train (“a delay, a drawing out”), from trainer (“to pull out, to draw”), from Vulgar Latin *tragin?re, from *tragere, from Latin trah?, trahere (“pull, draw”, verb).

Pronunciation

Noun

train m (plural trains)

1. (Jersey) train

English

Etymology

From Late Latin pl?th?ra, from Ancient Greek ??????? (pl?th?r?, “fullness, satiety”), from ????? (pl?th?, “to be full”) +? -? (-?, nominal suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: pl??th?r?, pl??dh?r?, pl?thô?r?, IPA^(key): /?pl?????/, /?pl?ð???/, /pl???????/
• (General American) enPR: pl??th?r?, IPA^(key): /?pl?????/
• Rhymes: -????

Noun

plethora (plural plethorae or plethoras)

1. (usually followed by of) An excessive amount or number; an abundance.
   • 1817, Francis Jeffrey, review of Lalla Rookh, in the Edinburgh Review

     He labours under a plethora of wit and imagination.

   • 1849, Herman Melville, Redburn. His First Voyage

     I pushed my seat right up before the most insolent gazer, a short fat man, with a plethora of cravat round his neck, and fixing my gaze on his, gave him more gazes than he sent.

   • 1927, H.P. Lovecraft, Supernatural Horror in Literature (The Aftermath of Gothic Fiction)

     Meanwhile other hands had not been idle, so that above the dreary plethora of trash like Marquis von Grosse's Horrid Mysteries..., there arose many memorable weird works both in English and German.

   • 1986, Lorne Michaels, Steve Martin, Randy Newman, ¡Three Amigos! (film)

     Jefe: We have many beautiful piñatas for your birthday celebration, each one filled with little surprises!

     El Guapo: How many piñatas?

     Jefe: Many piñatas, many!

     El Guapo: Jefe, would you say I have a plethora of piñatas?

     Jefe: A what?

     El Guapo: A plethora.

     Jefe: Oh yes, El Guapo. You have a plethora.

     El Guapo: Jefe, what is a plethora?

     Jefe: Why, El Guapo?

     El Guapo: Well, you just told me that I had a plethora, and I would just like to know if you know what it means to have a plethora. I would not like to think that someone would tell someone else he has a plethora, and then find out that that person has no idea what it means to have a plethora.

     Jefe: El Guapo, I know that I, Jefe, do not have your superior intellect and education, but could it be that once again, you are angry at something else, and are looking to take it out on me?
2. (medicine) Chronic excess of blood in the skin, usually in the face.

Synonyms

• (excess, abundance): glut, myriad, surfeit, superfluity, slew

Related terms

• plethoric

Translations

See also

• myriad

References

• “plethora” listed in the Oxford English Dictionary [2^nd Ed.; 1989]
  Pronounced: /?pl???r?/, /pl?????r?/.

Anagrams

• Althorpe, traphole, tropheal

Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ??????? (pl?th?r?, “fullness, satiety”), from ????? (pl?th?, “to be full”) +? -? (-?, nominal suffix).

Pronunciation

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ple?to.ra/, [pl??t?????]

Noun

pl?th?ra f (genitive pl?th?rae); first declension

1. (Late Latin) plethora

Inflection

First-declension noun.

Descendants

• ? English: plethora