different between thwart vs rot

English

Etymology

The adjective is derived from Early Middle English thwert, thwerte, thuart, thurt, thurte, thwart, thwarte, twart, twarte, twhart, twhert, twort, þuert, þwerrt, þwert, þwerte, ðwert (“crosswise, transverse; counter, opposing; contrary, obstinate”), borrowed from Old Norse þvert (“across, athwart”), originally the neuter form of þverr (“across, transverse”), from Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz (“cross; adverse”) (altered or influenced by Proto-Germanic *þweran? (“to stir; to swirl; to turn”)), from Proto-Germanic *þerh-, probably from Proto-Indo-European *terk?- (“to spin; to turn”).

The English adjective is cognate with Danish tvær (“sullen, sulky”), Gothic ???????????????????????? (þwairs, “angry”), Middle Dutch dwers, dwars (modern Dutch dwars (“crosswise, transverse; slantwise, askew; stubbornly disobedient”)), Norwegian tvert, tvært, Old Frisian þweres, dwers (Saterland Frisian twars, West Frisian dwers, dwerz (“across, to the other side of; beyond”)), Middle Low German dwers, dwars (Low German dwars (“contrary; cross-grained”)), Old English þweorh (“transverse; perverse; angry, cross”), Old High German twer (Middle High German twer, quer, modern German quer (“crosswise; cross”)), Swedish tvär (“across, transverse; of a curve: sharp; immediate, sudden; grumpy, stubborn”). It is related to queer.

The adverb is derived from Middle English thwert, ywerte (“crosswise; across the grain”); the Middle English Dictionary suggests the adverb was derived from the adjective, while the Oxford English Dictionary notes that the adverb is attested earlier than the adjective.

The verb is derived from Middle English thwerten, thwert, thwarten, þwerten (“to lie across; to oppose, to thwart”), and further from the adverb and perhaps also the adjective.

Noun sense 1 (“a seat across a boat on which a rower may sit”) may be derived from the adverb or adjective, from the position of the seat across the length of the boat, while noun sense 3 (“(rare) an act of thwarting”) is derived from the verb. Compare Middle English thwert (“in in thwert: crosswise”), from the adjective.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?w??t/
• (General American) enPR: thwôrt, IPA^(key): /?w?(?)?t/
• Rhymes: -??(r)t

Adjective

thwart (comparative more thwart, superlative most thwart)

1. Placed or situated across something else; cross, oblique, transverse.
2. (figuratively, dated) Of people: having a tendency to oppose; obstinate, perverse, stubborn.

   Synonyms: cross-grained, froward; see also Thesaurus:obstinate
3. (figuratively, dated) Of situations or things: adverse, unfavourable, unlucky.

   Synonyms: unpropitious, untoward; see also Thesaurus:unlucky

Derived terms

• athwart
• athwartship, athwartships

Related terms

• overthwart
• overthwartly
• overthwartness

Translations

Adverb

thwart (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) Across the direction of travel or length of; athwart, crosswise, obliquely, transversely.

Translations

Preposition

thwart

1. (archaic or poetic) Across, athwart.

Verb

thwart (third-person singular simple present thwarts, present participle thwarting, simple past and past participle thwarted)

1. (transitive) To cause to fail; to frustrate, to prevent.

   Synonyms: balk, foil, spoil

   Antonym: promote
2. (transitive, obsolete) To place (something) across (another thing); to position crosswise.
3. (transitive, also figuratively, obsolete) To hinder or obstruct by placing (something) in the way of; to block, to impede, to oppose.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:hinder

4. (transitive, intransitive, obsolete) To move (something) across or counter to; to cross.

Conjugation

Derived terms

• thwarter
• thwartsome

Translations

Noun

thwart (plural thwarts)

1. (nautical) A seat across a boat on which a rower may sit.

   Synonyms: thaught, thawt, (Britain, dialectal) thoft
2. (nautical) A brace, perpendicular to the keel, that helps maintain the beam (“breadth”) of a marine vessel against external water pressure and that may serve to support the rail.
3. (rare) An act of thwarting; something which thwarts; a hindrance, an obstacle.

Translations

References

Further reading

• thwart on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

English

Etymology

From Middle English rotten, roten, from Old English rotian (“to rot, become corrupted, ulcerate, putrefy”), from Proto-Germanic *rut?n? (“to rot”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /??t/
• (General American) IPA^(key): [??t]
• (General Australian, General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /??t/
• Rhymes: -?t
• Homophone: wrought (in accents with the cot-caught merger)

Verb

rot (third-person singular simple present rots, present participle rotting, simple past and past participle rotted)

1. (intransitive) To suffer decomposition due to biological action, especially by fungi or bacteria.

2. (intransitive) To decline in function or utility.

3. (transitive, intransitive) To (cause to) deteriorate in any way, as in morals; to corrupt.
4. (transitive) To make putrid; to cause to be wholly or partially decomposed by natural processes.

5. (intransitive, figuratively) To spend a long period of time (in an unpleasant place).

   • Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.

   • 1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, The Book of Snobs

     Rot, poor bachelor, in your club.

6. (transitive) To expose, as flax, to a process of maceration, etc., for the purpose of separating the fiber; to ret.
7. (dated, slang) To talk nonsense.
   • 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, p. 37:

     Adrian thought it worth while to try out his new slang. ‘I say, you fellows, here's a rum go. Old Biffo was jolly odd this morning. He gave me a lot of pi-jaw about slacking and then invited me to tea. No rotting! He did really.’

Synonyms

• putrefy

Derived terms

• brown rot
• potter's rot

Translations

Noun

rot (countable and uncountable, plural rots)

1. The process of becoming rotten; putrefaction.
2. Decaying matter.
3. Any of several diseases in which breakdown of tissue occurs.
4. (uncountable) Verbal nonsense.

Synonyms

• (nonsense): See also Thesaurus:nonsense

Translations

Anagrams

• ORT, OTR, RTO, TOR, TRO, Tor, ort, tor

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch rot, dialectal form of rat.

Noun

rot (plural rotte)

1. rat

See also

• muis

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

• rout, ruat, ròt, röts

Etymology

From Middle High German r?t (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German r?t (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-Germanic *raudaz. Cognate with German rot, Dutch rood, English red, West Frisian read, Danish rød.

Adjective

rot

1. (Formazza) red

References

• “rot” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin ructus.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ot

Noun

rot m (plural rots)

1. belch

Related terms

• rotar

Further reading

• “rot” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?t/
• Rhymes: -?t

Etymology 1

See rotten

Adjective

rot (comparative rotter, superlative rotst)

1. rotten, spoiled, decayed, putrid
2. rotten, tedious, unkind, mean

Inflection

Noun

rot n (plural rotten, diminutive rotje n)

1. rot, something rotten, something rotting

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch rotte.

Noun

rot f (plural rotten, diminutive rotje n)

1. (dialectal, Northern) Alternative form of rat.

Derived terms

• oude rot
• landrot

Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch rote.

Noun

rot n or f (plural rotten, diminutive rotje n)

1. (military) a file (of men)
2. (obsolete) multitude, band, throng

   Synonyms: drom, massa, menigte, schare

Anagrams

• tor

French

Etymology

From Latin ructus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?o/
• Homophones: rhô, ros, rôt

Noun

rot m (plural rots)

1. (colloquial) belch, burp

Synonyms

• renvoi

Related terms

• roter

Further reading

• “rot” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin ruptus.

Adjective

rot (feminine rote)

1. broken

Derived terms

• rote

Related terms

• rompi
• roture

German

Alternative forms

• roth (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle High German r?t (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German r?t (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h?rowd?ós, from *h?rewd?-. Compare Low German root, rod, rot, Dutch rood, English red, West Frisian read, Danish rød.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ro?t/, [?o?t(?)], [ro?t]
• Rhymes: -o?t

Adjective

rot (comparative röter or roter, superlative am rötesten or am rotesten)

1. red (colour)
2. (politics) red; pertaining to Marxism in the widest sense; social democratic; socialist; communist
   1. (politics, Germany, in particular) pertaining to the social democratic SPD or the more rigidly socialist Linke
3. (possibly mildly offensive) red-haired
4. (historical, possibly offensive) redskin; Native American; Indian

Declension

Synonyms

• (red-haired): rothaarig
• (redskin): rothäutig

Derived terms

Related terms

• Rot

Further reading

• “rot” in Duden online

German Low German

Adjective

rot

1. Alternative spelling of root

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r??t/
• Rhymes: -??t

Etymology 1

Noun

rot n (genitive singular rots, no plural)

1. unconsciousness, insensibility

Declension

Related terms

• rota

Etymology 2

See rotna

Noun

rot n (genitive singular rots, nominative plural rot)

1. rot, decay, putrefaction

Declension

Related terms

• rotna
• rotinn
• rota

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

rot

1. Alternative form of rote (“root”)

Etymology 2

Verb

rot

1. Alternative form of roten (“to rot”)

Etymology 3

A back-formation from roten (“to rot”).

Alternative forms

• rote, root, rotte, rott

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?t/, /r??t/

Noun

rot (uncountable)

1. Rotting or decomposition; the situation where something rots.
2. Any disease which causes decaying and decomposition in humans.
3. A disease that afflicts sheep; footrot, the rot.

Descendants

• English: rot

References

• “r??t, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-24.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wr?ts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh?ds.

Noun

rot m or f (definite singular rota or roten, indefinite plural røtter, definite plural røttene)

1. root (part of a plant normally below ground level)
2. root (of a tooth)
3. root (of a hair)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

rot

1. imperative of rote

References

• “rot” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ru?t/ (example of pronunciation)

Etymology 1

From Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wr?ts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh?ds. Akin to English root.

Noun

rot f (definite singular rota, indefinite plural røter, definite plural røtene)

1. root (of a plant)
2. root (of a tooth)
3. root (of a hair)

Inflection

Derived terms

• gulrot
• kvadratrot
• kålrot
• rotfrukt

Etymology 2

From Old Norse rót.

Noun

rot n (definite singular rotet, uncountable)

1. a mess, untidiness, chaos

   Det er for mykje rot på loftet. Me må rydda.

   The attic is a mess. We have to tidy it up.

   Når me prøver å samarbeida med dei, blir det berre rot.

   When we try working with them, it just turns into chaos.

References

• “rot” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• ort, Tor, tor, tro

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *raud.

Adjective

r?t

1. red

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: rôot
  • Dutch: rood
    • Afrikaans: rooi
  • Limburgish: roead

Further reading

• “r?t”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h?rowd?ós, from *h?rewd?-.

Adjective

r?t

1. red

Descendants

• Middle High German: r?t
  • Alemannic German: rot, rout, ruat, ròt, röts (Italian Walser)
  • German: rot
  • Hunsrik: rod
  • Luxembourgish: rout
  • Mòcheno: roat
  • Pennsylvania German: rot
  • Vilamovian: rut
  • Yiddish: ????? (royt)

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wr?ts.

Noun

r?t f

1. root

Declension

Descendants

• Swedish: rot

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German r?t, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz. Compare German rot, Dutch rood, English red.

Adjective

rot

1. red

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?t/

Noun

rot f

1. genitive plural of rota

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish r?t, from Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wr?ts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh?ds.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ru?t/

Noun

rot c

1. root; the part of a plant under the surface.
2. the part of a tooth extending into the bone holding the tooth in place
3. source; an underlying cause

4. (mathematics) of a number n, a positive number which, when raised to a specified power, yields n; the square root is understood if no power is specified

5. (mathematics) a zero (of a function).
6. (mathematics) a designated node in a tree.
7. (mathematics) curl; a measure on how fast a vector field rotates: it can be described as the cross product of del and a given vectorial field
8. (computing) root directory
9. (linguistics) a word from which another word is derived.

Declension

Synonyms

• källa (3)
• nollställe (5)

Related terms

• ört

See also

• rötter
• rota (sig)

Anagrams

• Tor, ort, tro

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English road.

Noun

rot

1. road, street
   • '2003, Mühlhäusler et al., Tok Pisin texts, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 9:

     Planti liklik rot i stap long ailan hia.

     Many little roads exist on this island.

References

Tok Pisin texts: from the beginning to the present / edited by Peter Mühlhäusler, Thomas E. Dutton, Suzanne Romaine. / John Benjamins Publishing Company / Copyright 2003 / ?ISBN / page 106

Vilamovian

Etymology

From Italian rata (“installment”)

Pronunciation

Noun

r?t f (plural rota)

1. installment (a kind of payment)