different between theory vs impression

English

Etymology

From Middle French théorie, from Late Latin the?ria, from Ancient Greek ?????? (the?ría, “contemplation, speculation, a looking at, things looked at”), from ?????? (the?ré?, “I look at, view, consider, examine”), from ?????? (the?rós, “spectator”), from ??? (théa, “view”) + ???? (horá?, “I see, look”) [i. e. ???? ???? (théan horá?, “see, look at a view; survey + genitive”)].

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, General Australian) IPA^(key): /?????i/, /??i???i/, /????i/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /??i???i/, /????i/

• Rhymes: -??ri

Noun

theory (countable and uncountable, plural theories)

1. A description of an event or system that is considered to be accurate.
2. (obsolete) Mental conception; reflection, consideration. [16th-18th c.]
   • 1646, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, VII.19:

     As they encrease the hatred of vice in some, so doe they enlarge the theory of wickednesse in all.

3. (sciences) A coherent statement or set of ideas that explains observed facts or phenomena and correctly predicts new facts or phenomena not previously observed, or which sets out the laws and principles of something known or observed; a hypothesis confirmed by observation, experiment etc. [from 17th c.]
   • 1843, John Stuart Mill, ""A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, ..., Bk V, Ch 7:

     In its most proper acceptation, theory means the completed result of philosophical induction from experience.

   • 2002, Duncan Steel, The Guardian, 23 May 2002:

     It was only when Einstein's theory of relativity was published in 1915 that physicists could show that Mercury's "anomaly" was actually because Newton's gravitational theory was incomplete.

   • 2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, p. 118:

     The world would need additional decades [...] before the Big Bang would begin to move from interesting idea to established theory.

   • 2009, Richard Dawkins, The Greatest Show On Earth: The Evidence for Evolution, Bantam, p. 10:

     Scientists and creationists are understanding the word "theory" in two very different senses. Evolution is a theory in the same sense as the heliocentric theory. In neither case should the word "only" be used, as in "only a theory".
4. (uncountable) The underlying principles or methods of a given technical skill, art etc., as opposed to its practice. [from 17th c.]
5. (mathematics) A field of study attempting to exhaustively describe a particular class of constructs. [from 18th c.]

   Knot theory classifies the mappings of a circle into 3-space.

6. A hypothesis or conjecture. [from 18th c.]
   • 2003, Sean Coughlan, The Guardian, 21 Jun 2003:

     The theory is that by stripping costs to the bone, they are able to offer ludicrously low fares.

7. (countable, logic) A set of axioms together with all statements derivable from them; or, a set of statements which are deductively closed. Equivalently, a formal language plus a set of axioms (from which can then be derived theorems). The statements may be required to all be bound (i.e., to have no free variables).

   A theory is consistent if it has a model.

Usage notes

In scientific discourse, the sense “unproven conjecture” is discouraged (with hypothesis or conjecture preferred), due to unintentional ambiguity and intentional equivocation with the sense “well-developed statement or structure”.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:supposition

Hyponyms

Meronyms

• (in logic): axioms

Holonyms

• (in logic): formal system

Related terms

Translations

See also

• axiom
• postulate
• proposition

References

• theory at OneLook Dictionary Search
• theory in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• "theory" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 316.
• theory in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• Yother, thyreo-

English

Etymology

From Old French impression, from Latin impressio.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?m?p????n/
• Rhymes: -???n

Noun

impression (plural impressions)

1. The indentation or depression made by the pressure of one object on or into another.

2. The overall effect of something, e.g., on a person.

3. A vague recalling of an event, a belief.

4. An impersonation, an imitation of the mannerisms of another individual.
5. An outward appearance.
6. (advertising) An online advertising performance metric representing an instance where an ad is shown once.
   • 2010, Dusty Reagan, Twitter Application Development For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons (?ISBN), page 329:

     Publishers are paid for each ad impression their site generates.

7. (painting) The first coat of colour, such as the priming in house-painting etc.
8. (engraving) A print on paper from a wood block, metal plate, etc.
9. (philosophy) The vivid perception of something as it is experienced, in contrast to ideas or thoughts drawn from memory or the imagination.

Related terms

• impressionability
• impressionable
• impressional
• impressionism
• impressionist
• impressive
• under the impression

Translations

Verb

impression (third-person singular simple present impressions, present participle impressioning, simple past and past participle impressioned)

1. To manipulate a blank key within a lock so as to mark it with impressions of the shape of the lock, which facilitates creation of a duplicate key.
   • 2007, Graham Pulford, High-Security Mechanical Locks: An Encyclopedic Reference (page 55)

     The trick in impressioning a key is to remove only a small amount of the blank, by filing or cutting, from the pin positions where impressions have been left.

Anagrams

• permission

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin impressi?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??.p??.sj??/, /??.p?e.sj??/

Noun

impression f (plural impressions)

1. an impression, the overall effect of something.
2. the indentation or depression made by the pressure of one object on another.
3. a print, print-out

Derived terms

• faire bonne impression
• impressionnant
• impressionner
• impressionnisme
• impressionniste

Related terms

• empreindre
• imprimer
• imprimerie
• imprimante
• imprimable

Descendants

• Romanian: impresiune, impresie

Further reading

• “impression” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• méprisions