different between swear vs aver

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /sw??/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /sw??/
• Rhymes: -??(?)

Etymology 1

From Middle English sweren, swerien, from Old English swerian (“to swear, take an oath of office”), from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjan? (“to speak, swear”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to swear”).

Cognate with West Frisian swarre (“to swear”), Saterland Frisian swera (“to swear”), Dutch zweren (“to swear, vow”), Low German swören (“to swear”), sweren, German schwören (“to swear”), Danish sværge, Swedish svära (“to swear”), Icelandic sverja (“to swear”), Russian ????? (svara, “quarrel”). Also cognate to Albanian var (“to hang, consider, to depend from”) through Proto-Indo-European.

The original sense in all Germanic languages is “to take an oath”. The sense “to use bad language” developed in Middle English and is based on the Christian prohibition against swearing in general (cf. Matthew 5:33-37) and invoking God’s name in particular (i.e. frequent swearing was considered similar to the use of obscene words).

Verb

swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past swore or (archaic) sware, past participle sworn or yswore)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To take an oath, to promise.

   • The Bat—they called him the Bat. […]. He'd never been in stir, the bulls had never mugged him, he didn't run with a mob, he played a lone hand, and fenced his stuff so that even the fence couldn't swear he knew his face.

2. (transitive, intransitive) To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.

Usage notes

• In sense 1, this is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:swear word
• See also Thesaurus:swear

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

From the above verb, or from Middle English sware, from Old English swaru, from Proto-Germanic *swar?.

Noun

swear (plural swears)

1. A swear word.
   • 1892, Robert Louis Stevenson, The Beach of Falesá

     You might think it funny to hear this Kanaka girl come out with a big swear. No such thing. There was no swearing in her — no, nor anger; she was beyond anger, and meant the word simple and serious.

Etymology 3

From Middle English swere, swer, swar, from Old English sw?r, sw?r (“heavy, heavy as a burden, of great weight, oppressive, grievous, painful, unpleasant, sad, feeling or expressing grief, grave, slow, dull, sluggish, slothful, indolent, inactive from weakness, enfeebled, weak”), from Proto-West Germanic *sw?r, from Proto-Germanic *sw?raz (“heavy”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).

Cognate with West Frisian swier (“heavy”), Dutch zwaar (“heavy, hard, difficult”), German schwer (“heavy, hard, difficult”), Swedish svår (“heavy, hard, severe”), Latin s?rius (“earnest, grave, solemn, serious”) and Albanian varrë (“wound, plague”).

Alternative forms

• sweer, sweir, swere

Adjective

swear (comparative swearer or more swear, superlative swearest or most swear)

1. (Britain dialectal) Heavy.
2. (Britain dialectal) Top-heavy; too high.
3. (Britain dialectal) Dull; heavy; lazy; slow; reluctant; unwilling.
4. (Britain dialectal) Niggardly.
5. (Britain dialectal) A lazy time; a short rest during working hours (especially field labour); a siesta.

Derived terms

Verb

swear (third-person singular simple present swears, present participle swearing, simple past and past participle sweared)

1. (Britain dialectal) To be lazy; rest for a short while during working hours.

References

• swear at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• resaw, sawer, sware, wares, wears

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English averren (“to corroborate (a statement); to cite (something) as corroboration or proof; (law) to prove (something) in court; to declare (something) under oath as true; to prove (a case) by a jury’s oaths”) [and other forms], from Old French averer (modern French avérer (“to reveal, uncover; to prove (to be), transpire”)), from Late Latin *adv?r?re (“to make true; to prove to be true; to verify”), the present active infinitive of Late Latin *adv?r? (“to make true; to prove to be true”), from Latin ad- (prefix forming factitive verbs meaning ‘to make (something) have the properties of [the adjective or noun to which it is attached]’) + v?rus (“actual, real, true; genuine; proper, suitable; just, right”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weh?- (“true”)) + -? (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??v??/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /??v?/
• Rhymes: -??(?)

Verb

aver (third-person singular simple present avers, present participle averring or (obsolete) avering, simple past and past participle averred or (obsolete) avered)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To assert the truth of (something); to affirm (something) with confidence; to declare (something) in a positive manner.
2. (transitive, intransitive, law) To justify or prove (an allegation or plea that one has made).
3. (transitive, obsolete) To avouch, prove, or verify the existence or happening of (something), or to offer to do so.

Conjugation

Derived terms

• averrable
• averred (adjective)
• averrer

Related terms

• averment

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English aver, avere (“workhorse; any beast of burden (?); things which are owned, possessions, property, wealth; state of being rich, wealth; ownership, possession”) [and other forms], and then either:

• from Old French aver, aveir, avoir (“possession, property; (collectively) beasts of burden; domestic animals; cattle”) (modern French avoir (“asset, possession”)), from aveir, avoir (“to have”), from Latin hab?re, the present active infinitive of habe? (“to have, hold; to have, own (possessions)”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?eh?b?-, *??eh?b?- (“to grab, take”); or
• from Old English eafor (“workhorse; tenant’s obligation to transport goods”), further etymology uncertain.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?e?v?/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?e?v?/
• Homophone: Ava

Noun

aver (plural avers)

1. (Britain, dialectal, archaic) A beast of burden; chiefly a workhorse, but also a working ox or other animal.
2. (Northern England, Scotland, dialectal, archaic) An old, useless horse; a nag.

References

Anagrams

• AVRE, Rave, Vera, evar, rave, vare, vera

Corsican

Verb

aver

1. Alternative form of avè

Italian

Alternative forms

• haver (obsolete spelling)

Verb

aver

1. Apocopic form of avere

Anagrams

• vera

Ladino

Etymology

From Old Spanish aver, from Latin habe? (“hold, have”).

Verb

aver (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling ?????)

1. to have

Middle English

Etymology

From Old French aver, aveir, avoir (“possession, property; (collectively) beasts of burden; domestic animals; cattle”) (modern French avoir (“asset, possession”)), from aveir, avoir (“to have”), from Latin hab?re, the present active infinitive of habe? (“to have, hold; to have, own (possessions)”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?eh?b?-, *??eh?b?- (“to grab, take”).

Noun

aver (plural avers)

1. Belongings, possessions, property, wealth.

References

Norman

Alternative forms

• aveir (Guernsey)

Etymology

From Old French aveir, from Latin habe? (“have, hold, possess”).

Verb

aver

1. (Jersey, alternative form in Guernsey) to have

Conjugation

Derived terms

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan aver, haver, from Latin habe? (“to have, hold, keep”).

Pronunciation

Verb

aver

1. to have; to possess

   Synonym: possedir

2. (auxiliary) to have

Conjugation

Derived terms

• aver luòc

Old French

Verb

aver

1. Alternative form of avoir

Noun

aver m (oblique plural avers, nominative singular avers, nominative plural aver)

1. Alternative form of avoir

Old Occitan

Alternative forms

• haver

Etymology

From Latin habe? (“to have, hold, keep”).

Verb

aver

1. to have; to possess

Descendants

• Catalan: haver
• Occitan: aver

Old Portuguese

Alternative forms

• haver (latinized form)

Etymology

From Latin habe? (“to have, to hold, to possess”), probably from a Proto-Italic *hab?? or *ha???, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *g?h?b?- (“to grab, to take”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a??e?/

Verb

aver

1. to have

2. to exist

Conjugation

Descendants

• Galician: haber
• Portuguese: haver

Old Spanish

Etymology

From Latin habe? (“to have, hold, keep”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a???e??/

Verb

aver

1. to have

Descendants

• Ladino:

  Hebrew: ?????

  Latin: aver

• Spanish: haber

Portuguese

Verb

aver (first-person singular present indicative ei, past participle avido)

1. Obsolete spelling of haver

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Noun

aver m (plural averes)

1. Obsolete spelling of haver

Spanish

Verb

aver

1. Obsolete spelling of haber

Venetian

Alternative forms

• gaver

Etymology

From Latin habe?.

Verb

aver

1. (transitive) to have
2. (transitive) to possess

Conjugation

• Venetian conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

References

• Silvano Belloni (2009) Grammatica Veneta [Venetian Grammar]?^[3] (in Italian), Esedra Editrice, ?ISBN, page 75