different between surface vs dirigent

English

Etymology

From French surface.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?s??f?s/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?s??f?s/

Noun

surface (plural surfaces)

1. The overside or up-side of a flat object such as a table, or of a liquid.
2. The outside hull of a tangible object.
3. (figuratively) Outward or external appearance.
   • “A tight little craft,” was Austin’s invariable comment on the matron; and she looked it, always trim and trig and smooth of surface like a converted yacht cleared for action. ¶ Near her wandered her husband, orientally bland, invariably affable, […].

4. (mathematics, geometry) The locus of an equation (especially one with exactly two degrees of freedom) in a more-than-two-dimensional space.
5. (fortification) That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Stocqueler to this entry?)

Synonyms

• overside
• superfice (archaic)

Derived terms

Related terms

• surficial

Translations

Verb

surface (third-person singular simple present surfaces, present participle surfacing, simple past and past participle surfaced)

1. (transitive) To provide something with a surface.
2. (transitive) To apply a surface to something.
3. (intransitive) To rise to the surface.
4. (transitive) To bring to the surface.
   • 2007, Patrick Valentine, The Sage of Aquarius (page 182)

     Sage went immediately to work; Damien surfaced the submarine and readied the group to meet outside the hatch.

5. (intransitive) To come out of hiding.
6. (intransitive) For information or facts to become known.
7. (transitive) To make information or facts known.
8. (intransitive) To work a mine near the surface.
9. (intransitive) To appear or be found.

Translations

French

Etymology

sur- +? face, calque of Latin superficies.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sy?.fas/
• Homophones: surfaces, surfacent

Noun

surface f (plural surfaces)

1. surface

Derived terms

Further reading

• “surface” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

English

Etymology

From Latin d?rig?ns, present participle of d?rig?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?d??.?.d??nt/

Noun

dirigent (plural dirigents)

1. (now chiefly biochemistry) Something that or someone who directs; a director or guide.
   • 2011, Florence Gleason, Raymond Chollet, Plant Biochemistry, page 133,

     The monolignol substrates are held in position by proteins called dirigents (guide proteins). […] Lignan dirigent proteins are found in the cytoplasm, but similar dirigents have been localized in the cell walls of some plants.

   • 1905, George Frederick Shrady, Thomas Lathrop Stedman, Medical Record, Volume 68, page 887,

     One of its members is deputed in rotation to maintain continuous contact with the director or dirigents of the hospital by means of biweekly, if necessary daily, visits to the institution.

2. (dated, geometry) The line of motion of a describent line or surface that in so moving defines a plane or solid figure; a directrix.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Hutton to this entry?)

   • 1877, James Booth, A Treatise on Some New Geometrical Methods, page 348,

     The straight line in which the vertical polar plane cuts the plane of the circle of contact is called the dirigent. As there are in general two circles of contact, there are two dirigents, and they are parallel to the diretrices.

   • 1891, Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, Volume 21, page 308,

     In this case, to which Sphero-Cartesians, and all other sphero-quadrics, whose dirigents are small circles, are analogous in Spherics, the dirigent conic F must also have double contact with S.

Adjective

dirigent (not comparable)

1. That directs.
   • 17thC, Richard Baxter, The Life of Faith, 1838, The Practical Works of Richard Baxter, Volume 3, page 690,

     6. God must then be known in his three personalities; as the Father, the Word or Son, and the Spirit.

     7. And these in their three causalities; efficient, dirigent, and final.

   • 17thC, Richard Baxter, Mr. Baxter's Dying Thoughts, 1838, The Practical Works of Richard Baxter, Volume 3, page 1012,

     V. I shall better know the methods and perfections of the Scripture, and all God's dirigent word and will.

See also

• dirigible

Anagrams

• ingirted

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /di.?i??ent/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /di.?i??en/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /di.?i?d??ent/
• Rhymes: -ent

Noun

dirigent m (plural dirigents)

1. leader

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?d?r???nt]

Noun

dirigent m

1. (music) A conductor

Related terms

• See režim
• dirigovat

Further reading

• dirigent in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• dirigent in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Noun

dirigent c (singular definite dirigenten, plural indefinite dirigenter)

1. (music) a conductor

References

• “dirigent” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin d?rig?ns, present participle of d?rig? (“I direct”). The sense “conductor” was probably borrowed from German Dirigent.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?di.ri???nt/
• Hyphenation: di?ri?gent
• Rhymes: -?nt

Noun

dirigent m (plural dirigenten, diminutive dirigentje n)

1. A conductor, person who musically directs an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble
2. (figuratively) A director, person pulling the strings

Derived terms

Related terms

• dirigeren

Descendants

• ? Indonesian: dirigen

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /di.?i.???/

Verb

dirigent

1. third-person plural present indicative of diriger
2. third-person plural present subjunctive of diriger

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?di?.ri.?ent/, [?d?i?????n?t?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?di.ri.d??ent/, [?d?i??id???n?t?]

Verb

d?rigent

1. third-person plural future active indicative of d?rig?

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From German Dirigent, from Latin d?rig?ns, present participle of d?rig?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d?ir?i????nt/

Noun

dirigent m (feminine equivalent dirigentka)

1. conductor (person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble)

Declension

Further reading

• dirigent in Manfred Starosta (1999): Dolnoserbsko-nimski s?ownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

dirigent m (definite singular dirigenten, indefinite plural dirigenter, definite plural dirigentene)

1. (music) a conductor

Derived terms

• kordirigent

Related terms

• dirigere

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

dirigent m (definite singular dirigenten, indefinite plural dirigentar, definite plural dirigentane)

1. (music) a conductor

Derived terms

• kordirigent

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dir??ent/
• Hyphenation: di?ri?gent

Noun

dirìgent m (Cyrillic spelling ????????)

1. conductor (music)

Declension

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /diri???nt/

Noun

dirig?nt m anim (female equivalent dirigêntka)

1. conductor, person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble

Inflection

Further reading

• “dirigent”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swedish

Pronunciation

Noun

dirigent c

1. conductor (person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble)

Declension

Related terms

• dirigera