different between sum vs size

English

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) enPR: s?m, IPA^(key): /s?m/
• Rhymes: -?m
• Homophone: some

Etymology 1

From Middle English summe, from Old French summe, from Latin summa, feminine of summus (“highest”).

Noun

sum (plural sums)

1. A quantity obtained by addition or aggregation.

   The sum of 3 and 4 is 7.
2. (often plural) An arithmetic computation, especially one posed to a student as an exercise (not necessarily limited to addition).

   We're learning about division, and the sums are tricky.

   • a large sheet of paper […] covered with long sums

3. A quantity of money.

   a tidy sum

   the sum of forty pounds

   • With a great sum obtained I this freedom.

4. A summary; the principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium.

   This is the sum of all the evidence in the case.

   This is the sum and substance of his objections.

5. A central idea or point; gist.
6. The utmost degree.
7. (obsolete) An old English measure of corn equal to the quarter.
   • 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, page 207:

     The sum is also used for the quarter, and the strike for the bushel.

Synonyms

• (quantity obtained by addition or aggregation): amount, sum total, summation, total, totality
• (arithmetic computation): calculation, computation
• (quantity of money): amount, quantity of money, sum of money
• (summary): See summary
• (central idea or point): center/centre, core, essence, gist, heart, heart and soul, inwardness, kernel, marrow, meat, nub, nitty-gritty, pith substance
• (utmost degree): See summit
• (obsolete: old English measure of corn): quarter

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

• addition, summation: (augend) + (addend) = (summand) + (summand) = (sum, total)
• subtraction: (minuend) ? (subtrahend) = (difference)
• multiplication: (multiplier) × (multiplicand) = (factor) × (factor) = (product)
• division: (dividend) ÷ (divisor) = (quotient), remainder left over if divisor does not divide dividend

Verb

sum (third-person singular simple present sums, present participle summing, simple past and past participle summed)

1. (transitive) To add together.
   • 2005, Plato, Sophist. Translation by Lesley Brown. 250b.

     when you say that stability and change are, it's because you're summing them up together as embraced by it, and taking note of the communion each of them has with being.

2. (transitive) To give a summary of.

Synonyms

• (to add together): add, add together, add up, sum up, summate, tally, tot, tot up, total, tote up
• (to give a summary of): See summarize

Translations

References

• sum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Kazakh ??? (som), Kyrgyz ??? (som), Uyghur ???? (som), and Uzbek so?m, all of which have the core signification “pure”, used in elliptical reference to historical coins of pure gold.

Alternative forms

• som, soum

Noun

sum (plural sums)

1. The basic unit of money in Kyrgyzstan.
2. The basic unit of money in Uzbekistan.

Translations

Etymology 3

Eye dialect spelling of some.

Pronoun

sum

1. (African-American Vernacular, Internet slang, text messaging) Eye dialect spelling of some.

Determiner

sum

1. (African-American Vernacular, Internet slang, text messaging) Eye dialect spelling of some.

Etymology 4

Noun

sum (plural sums)

1. Synonym of somon

Further reading

• sum in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• sum in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• sum at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• MSU, Mus, Mu?, UMS, mu's, mus, mus', ums

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• sun, su

Etymology

From Latin subtus, from sub. Compare Romanian sub.

Preposition

sum

1. under

Czech

Etymology 1

Noun

sum

1. genitive plural of suma

Etymology 2

Noun

sum

1. genitive plural of sumo

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse sem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s?m?/
• Rhymes: -?m?

Conjunction

sum

1. like, as
2. when, as

Particle

sum (relative particle)

1. that, who, which

Synonyms

• ið

Gothic

Romanization

sum

1. Romanization of ????????????

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -??m

Adjective

sum

1. inflection of sumur (“some”):
   1. nominative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative neuter plural

Kavalan

Noun

sum

1. urine

Latin

Etymology

The present stem is from Proto-Italic *ezom, from Proto-Indo-European *h?ésmi (“I am, I exist”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ???? (eimí), Sanskrit ????? (ásmi), Old English eom (English am). The perfect stem is from Proto-Italic *(fe)f?ai, from Proto-Indo-European *b?úHt (“to become, be”) (whence also f?? (“to become, to be made”), and future and imperfect inflections -b?, -bam). Confer also the etymology at fore.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /sum/, [s????]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /sum/, [sum]

Verb

sum (present infinitive esse, perfect active fu?, future participle fut?rus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle

1. (copulative) to be, exist, have [+dative]
   • Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer

     Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.

     I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.

   • 1647, René Descartes, Meditationes de Prima Philosophia, in qua Dei existentia et animæ immortalitas demonstratur

     Cogito, ergo sum.

     I think, therefore I am.

   • 63 B.C.E., Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)

     O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?.

     O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? What is the government we have? In what city do we live?

   • 121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum ("About the Life of the Caesars", commonly referred to as "The Twelve Caesars")

     Alea iacta est.

     The die is cast.

2. to be there (impersonal verb)
3. (Medieval Latin, in the past tense) to go

   • Ad quod castrum vincendum Pisani fuerunt cum quinquaginta navibus, plattis et schafis, etc,

     They went to conquer Pisanius' castle with fifty boats, engines, siege weapons, etc.

Conjugation

In Vulgar Latin, the present infinitive was changed to have the -re ending: essere.

Derived terms

Descendants

• Aromanian: escu (in part)
• Asturian: ser (in part)
• Corsican: esse
• Dalmatian: saite
• Franco-Provençal: étre (< *estre < *essre), esse (contraction of *essre)
• Friulian: jessi, sei
• Istriot: ièsi
• Italian: essere
• Megleno-Romanian: s?m
• Mirandese: ser (in part)
• Ladin: ester, esser, esse
• Ligurian: êse
• Neapolitan: éssere
• Old French: estre
  • Middle French: estre (conflated with ester)
    • French: être
    • Bourguignon: étre
    • Champenois: ètre
    • Franc-Comtois: étre
    • Gallo: ête
    • Picard: ète
    • Norman: ête
    • Walloon: esse
• Old Portuguese: seer (in part)
  • Galician: ser
  • Portuguese: ser
• Old Occitan: esser
  • Catalan: ésser, ser
  • Occitan: èsser, èstre
• Piedmontese: esse
• Romanian: fi (in part)
• Romansch: esser, easser
• Sardinian: èssere, èssi, èssiri
• Sicilian: èssiri, siri
• Spanish: ser (in part)
• Venetian: èser, èsar, èsare, esare, èsere, èssare, èssere

Further reading

• sum¹ in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• sum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• 1 sum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, pages 1,511–1,512
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
• sum in D. P. Simpson, Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Wiley Publishing, 1968
• sum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Latin summa

Noun

sum m (definite singular summen, indefinite plural summer, definite plural summene)

1. a sum (addition or aggregation)

   Hva er summen av 2+2?

   What's the sum of 2+2?

2. a sum (amount of money)

Derived terms

• leiesum
• pengesum

Etymology 2

From the verb summe

Noun

sum n (definite singular summet)

1. buzz (continuous noise)

Etymology 3

Verb

sum

1. imperative of summe

References

• “sum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Latin summa

Noun

sum m (definite singular summen, indefinite plural summar, definite plural summane)

1. a sum (addition or aggregation)

   Kva er summen av 2+2?

   What's the sum of 2+2?

2. a sum (amount of money)

Derived terms

• pengesum

Etymology 2

From the verb summe

Noun

sum n (definite singular summet)

1. buzz (continuous noise)

Etymology 3

Noun

sum n (definite singular sumet, indefinite plural sum, definite plural suma)

1. an act of swimming

   Dei la på sum utover mot holmen.

   They started swimming towards the holm.

Etymology 4

Pronoun

sum m (feminine sum, neuter sumt, plural sume)

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 2012; superseded by som

References

• “sum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sumaz, whence also Old High German sum, Old Norse sumr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sum/

Pronoun

sum

1. some

Descendants

• Middle English: sum, som, some
  • Scots: sum, some
  • English: some

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sumaz, whence also Old English sum, Old Norse sumr

Pronoun

sum n

1. some

Declension

Descendants

• Middle Low German: som
  • Low German: sum

Phalura

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sum/

Noun

sum m (Perso-Arabic spelling ???)

1. mud (dry), dust

Inflection

a-decl (Obl, pl): -a

References

• Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)?^[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, ?ISBN

Pnar

Etymology

From Proto-Khasian *sum, from Proto-Mon-Khmer. Cognate with Hu ?úm. Likely related to the forms with h- and null initials, such as Bahnar hum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sum/

Noun

sum 

1. to bathe

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sum/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *som?.

Noun

sum m anim

1. European catfish

Declension

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Noun

sum f pl

1. genitive plural of suma

Further reading

• sum in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• sum in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Shabo

Verb

sum

1. say

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sú?m/

Noun

s?m m inan

1. suspicion, mistrust

Inflection

Further reading

• “sum”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Vurës

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sym/

Verb

sum

1. to drink

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sa?z/
• Rhymes: -a?z
• Homophones: psis, sighs

Etymology 1

From Middle English syse, sise (“regulation, control, limit”), from Old French cise, sise, aphetism of assise (“assize”). Displaced native Middle English grete, grette (“size”) (from Old English gr?etu, gr?tu (“size, greatness”)).

Noun

size (countable and uncountable, plural sizes)

1. (obsolete outside dialects) An assize. [from 14th c.]
   • 1749, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, Folio Society 1973, page 560:

     I know you would have women above the law, but it is all a lye; I heard his lordship say at size, that no one is above the law.

2. (obsolete) A regulation determining the amount of money paid in fees, taxes etc. [14th-18th c.]
3. (obsolete) A fixed standard for the magnitude, quality, quantity etc. of goods, especially food and drink. [15th-17th c.]
4. The dimensions or magnitude of a thing; how big something is. [from 15th c.]

5. (obsolete) A regulation, piece of ordinance. [15th c.]
6. A specific set of dimensions for a manufactured article, especially clothing. [from 16th c.]

7. (graph theory) A number of edges in a graph. [from 20th c.]
8. (figuratively, dated) Degree of rank, ability, character, etc.
   • 1692, Roger L'Estrange, Fables of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists

     men of a less size and quality

   • 1720, Jonathan Swift, A Letter to a Young Clergyman

     the middle or lower size of people

9. An instrument consisting of a number of perforated gauges fastened together at one end by a rivet, used for measuring the size of pearls.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)

10. (computing) file size

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:size

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

• Chinese:
  • ? Cantonese: size (saai1 si2)
• ? Irish: saghas
• ? Japanese: ??? (saizu)
• ? Korean: ??? (saijeu)

Translations

Verb

size (third-person singular simple present sizes, present participle sizing, simple past and past participle sized)

1. (transitive) To adjust the size of; to make a certain size.

   • a statute […] to size weights, and measures

2. (transitive) To classify or arrange by size.
   1. (military) To take the height of men, in order to place them in the ranks according to their stature.
   2. (mining) To sift (pieces of ore or metal) in order to separate the finer from the coarser parts.
3. (transitive, colloquial) To approximate the dimensions, estimate the size of.
4. (intransitive) To take a greater size; to increase in size.
   • after 1633 (first published), John Donne, Farewell to Love

     Our desires give them fashion, and so, / As they wax lesser, fall, as they size, grow.

5. (Britain, Cambridge University, obsolete) To order food or drink from the buttery; hence, to enter a score, as upon the buttery book.
6. (transitive, obsolete) To swell; to increase the bulk of.

   • blood-sized field

Hyponyms

• (to adjust size): resize

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English syse, of unclear origin; related to Old Italian sisa (“a glue used by painters”), perhaps ultimately related to size / syse (“amount”), or perhaps shortened from assisa, from assiso (“to make to sit, to seat, to place”)

Noun

size (plural sizes)

2. A thin, weak glue used as primer for paper or canvas intended to be painted upon.
3. Wallpaper paste.
4. The thickened crust on coagulated blood.
5. Any viscous substance, such as gilder's varnish.

Translations

Verb

size (third-person singular simple present sizes, present participle sizing, simple past and past participle sized)

1. (transitive) To apply glue or other primer to a surface which is to be painted.

Translations

References

See also

• Size in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Chinese

Alternative forms

• ??, ??

Etymology

Borrowed from English size.

Pronunciation

Noun

size

1. (Cantonese) size

   • ???????????????size????????????????????????????????size? [Cantonese, trad.]
     ???????????????size????????????????????????????????size? [Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 2015, ???, ??? ???, ?????, issue 40, page 79

     jau⁵ jat¹ go³ so⁴ zai² zeng⁶ jan⁴ sin¹ jung⁶ sing^4-2 dok⁶ zi⁶ gei² goek³ dik¹ saai¹ si², jau⁵ jat¹ jat⁶ soeng² maai⁵ haai⁴, bat¹ gwo³ heoi³ dou³ si⁵ zaap⁶ sin¹ faat³ jin⁶ zi⁶ gei² mou⁵ daai³ tiu⁴ sing^4-2, so² ji⁵ m⁴ zi¹ maai⁵ haai⁴ maai⁵ me¹ saai¹ si². [Jyutping]

     There was a stupid guy from Zheng who used only a string to measure the size of his feet; one day, he wanted to buy shoes, but only when he got to the market did he realize that he didn't bring his string, so he didn't know what shoe size to buy.

   • ??????????????????size??? [Cantonese, trad.]
     ???????????????“??size??” [Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 2016, Jerald Li, ??????size??15?????size??

     ging¹ soeng⁴ zoi⁶ mong⁵ soeng⁶ gin³ dou^3-2 jau⁵ jan⁴ man⁶ sam⁶ mo¹ bo¹ haai⁴ jing¹ “maai⁵ me¹ saai¹ si² hou²?” [Jyutping]

     I always see people online asking something like "What size should I buy?" for sneakers

   • ?????size???????? [Cantonese, trad.]
     ?????size???????? [Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 2016, ??? (Daniel Chong), ????CEO, page 104

     daai³ zyu⁶ deoi³ m⁴ ngaam¹ saai¹ si² ge³ baak⁶ sik¹ lou⁴ gung¹ sau² tou³ zai² [Jyutping]

     wearing white workers' gloves of the wrong size

Synonyms

• ?? (ch?cùn)

Turkish

Pronoun

size

1. dative of siz (you – plural or polite)

Turkmen

Noun

size

1. dative plural of siz