different between sum vs extension

English

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) enPR: s?m, IPA^(key): /s?m/
• Rhymes: -?m
• Homophone: some

Etymology 1

From Middle English summe, from Old French summe, from Latin summa, feminine of summus (“highest”).

Noun

sum (plural sums)

1. A quantity obtained by addition or aggregation.

   The sum of 3 and 4 is 7.
2. (often plural) An arithmetic computation, especially one posed to a student as an exercise (not necessarily limited to addition).

   We're learning about division, and the sums are tricky.

   • a large sheet of paper […] covered with long sums

3. A quantity of money.

   a tidy sum

   the sum of forty pounds

   • With a great sum obtained I this freedom.

4. A summary; the principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium.

   This is the sum of all the evidence in the case.

   This is the sum and substance of his objections.

5. A central idea or point; gist.
6. The utmost degree.
7. (obsolete) An old English measure of corn equal to the quarter.
   • 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, page 207:

     The sum is also used for the quarter, and the strike for the bushel.

Synonyms

• (quantity obtained by addition or aggregation): amount, sum total, summation, total, totality
• (arithmetic computation): calculation, computation
• (quantity of money): amount, quantity of money, sum of money
• (summary): See summary
• (central idea or point): center/centre, core, essence, gist, heart, heart and soul, inwardness, kernel, marrow, meat, nub, nitty-gritty, pith substance
• (utmost degree): See summit
• (obsolete: old English measure of corn): quarter

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

• addition, summation: (augend) + (addend) = (summand) + (summand) = (sum, total)
• subtraction: (minuend) ? (subtrahend) = (difference)
• multiplication: (multiplier) × (multiplicand) = (factor) × (factor) = (product)
• division: (dividend) ÷ (divisor) = (quotient), remainder left over if divisor does not divide dividend

Verb

sum (third-person singular simple present sums, present participle summing, simple past and past participle summed)

1. (transitive) To add together.
   • 2005, Plato, Sophist. Translation by Lesley Brown. 250b.

     when you say that stability and change are, it's because you're summing them up together as embraced by it, and taking note of the communion each of them has with being.

2. (transitive) To give a summary of.

Synonyms

• (to add together): add, add together, add up, sum up, summate, tally, tot, tot up, total, tote up
• (to give a summary of): See summarize

Translations

References

• sum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Kazakh ??? (som), Kyrgyz ??? (som), Uyghur ???? (som), and Uzbek so?m, all of which have the core signification “pure”, used in elliptical reference to historical coins of pure gold.

Alternative forms

• som, soum

Noun

sum (plural sums)

1. The basic unit of money in Kyrgyzstan.
2. The basic unit of money in Uzbekistan.

Translations

Etymology 3

Eye dialect spelling of some.

Pronoun

sum

1. (African-American Vernacular, Internet slang, text messaging) Eye dialect spelling of some.

Determiner

sum

1. (African-American Vernacular, Internet slang, text messaging) Eye dialect spelling of some.

Etymology 4

Noun

sum (plural sums)

1. Synonym of somon

Further reading

• sum in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• sum in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• sum at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• MSU, Mus, Mu?, UMS, mu's, mus, mus', ums

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• sun, su

Etymology

From Latin subtus, from sub. Compare Romanian sub.

Preposition

sum

1. under

Czech

Etymology 1

Noun

sum

1. genitive plural of suma

Etymology 2

Noun

sum

1. genitive plural of sumo

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse sem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s?m?/
• Rhymes: -?m?

Conjunction

sum

1. like, as
2. when, as

Particle

sum (relative particle)

1. that, who, which

Synonyms

• ið

Gothic

Romanization

sum

1. Romanization of ????????????

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -??m

Adjective

sum

1. inflection of sumur (“some”):
   1. nominative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative neuter plural

Kavalan

Noun

sum

1. urine

Latin

Etymology

The present stem is from Proto-Italic *ezom, from Proto-Indo-European *h?ésmi (“I am, I exist”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ???? (eimí), Sanskrit ????? (ásmi), Old English eom (English am). The perfect stem is from Proto-Italic *(fe)f?ai, from Proto-Indo-European *b?úHt (“to become, be”) (whence also f?? (“to become, to be made”), and future and imperfect inflections -b?, -bam). Confer also the etymology at fore.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /sum/, [s????]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /sum/, [sum]

Verb

sum (present infinitive esse, perfect active fu?, future participle fut?rus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle

1. (copulative) to be, exist, have [+dative]
   • Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer

     Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.

     I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.

   • 1647, René Descartes, Meditationes de Prima Philosophia, in qua Dei existentia et animæ immortalitas demonstratur

     Cogito, ergo sum.

     I think, therefore I am.

   • 63 B.C.E., Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)

     O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?.

     O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? What is the government we have? In what city do we live?

   • 121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum ("About the Life of the Caesars", commonly referred to as "The Twelve Caesars")

     Alea iacta est.

     The die is cast.

2. to be there (impersonal verb)
3. (Medieval Latin, in the past tense) to go

   • Ad quod castrum vincendum Pisani fuerunt cum quinquaginta navibus, plattis et schafis, etc,

     They went to conquer Pisanius' castle with fifty boats, engines, siege weapons, etc.

Conjugation

In Vulgar Latin, the present infinitive was changed to have the -re ending: essere.

Derived terms

Descendants

• Aromanian: escu (in part)
• Asturian: ser (in part)
• Corsican: esse
• Dalmatian: saite
• Franco-Provençal: étre (< *estre < *essre), esse (contraction of *essre)
• Friulian: jessi, sei
• Istriot: ièsi
• Italian: essere
• Megleno-Romanian: s?m
• Mirandese: ser (in part)
• Ladin: ester, esser, esse
• Ligurian: êse
• Neapolitan: éssere
• Old French: estre
  • Middle French: estre (conflated with ester)
    • French: être
    • Bourguignon: étre
    • Champenois: ètre
    • Franc-Comtois: étre
    • Gallo: ête
    • Picard: ète
    • Norman: ête
    • Walloon: esse
• Old Portuguese: seer (in part)
  • Galician: ser
  • Portuguese: ser
• Old Occitan: esser
  • Catalan: ésser, ser
  • Occitan: èsser, èstre
• Piedmontese: esse
• Romanian: fi (in part)
• Romansch: esser, easser
• Sardinian: èssere, èssi, èssiri
• Sicilian: èssiri, siri
• Spanish: ser (in part)
• Venetian: èser, èsar, èsare, esare, èsere, èssare, èssere

Further reading

• sum¹ in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• sum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• 1 sum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, pages 1,511–1,512
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
• sum in D. P. Simpson, Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Wiley Publishing, 1968
• sum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Latin summa

Noun

sum m (definite singular summen, indefinite plural summer, definite plural summene)

1. a sum (addition or aggregation)

   Hva er summen av 2+2?

   What's the sum of 2+2?

2. a sum (amount of money)

Derived terms

• leiesum
• pengesum

Etymology 2

From the verb summe

Noun

sum n (definite singular summet)

1. buzz (continuous noise)

Etymology 3

Verb

sum

1. imperative of summe

References

• “sum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Latin summa

Noun

sum m (definite singular summen, indefinite plural summar, definite plural summane)

1. a sum (addition or aggregation)

   Kva er summen av 2+2?

   What's the sum of 2+2?

2. a sum (amount of money)

Derived terms

• pengesum

Etymology 2

From the verb summe

Noun

sum n (definite singular summet)

1. buzz (continuous noise)

Etymology 3

Noun

sum n (definite singular sumet, indefinite plural sum, definite plural suma)

1. an act of swimming

   Dei la på sum utover mot holmen.

   They started swimming towards the holm.

Etymology 4

Pronoun

sum m (feminine sum, neuter sumt, plural sume)

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 2012; superseded by som

References

• “sum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sumaz, whence also Old High German sum, Old Norse sumr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sum/

Pronoun

sum

1. some

Descendants

• Middle English: sum, som, some
  • Scots: sum, some
  • English: some

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sumaz, whence also Old English sum, Old Norse sumr

Pronoun

sum n

1. some

Declension

Descendants

• Middle Low German: som
  • Low German: sum

Phalura

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sum/

Noun

sum m (Perso-Arabic spelling ???)

1. mud (dry), dust

Inflection

a-decl (Obl, pl): -a

References

• Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)?^[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, ?ISBN

Pnar

Etymology

From Proto-Khasian *sum, from Proto-Mon-Khmer. Cognate with Hu ?úm. Likely related to the forms with h- and null initials, such as Bahnar hum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sum/

Noun

sum 

1. to bathe

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sum/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *som?.

Noun

sum m anim

1. European catfish

Declension

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Noun

sum f pl

1. genitive plural of suma

Further reading

• sum in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• sum in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Shabo

Verb

sum

1. say

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sú?m/

Noun

s?m m inan

1. suspicion, mistrust

Inflection

Further reading

• “sum”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Vurës

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sym/

Verb

sum

1. to drink

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Old French estension, from Latin extensi?, extensi?nem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?k?st?n??n/
• Hyphenation: ex?ten?sion

Noun

extension (countable and uncountable, plural extensions)

1. The act of extending; a stretching out; enlargement in length, breadth, or time; an increase

2. The state of being extended
3. That property of a body by which it occupies a portion of space (or time, e.g. "spatiotemporal extension")
4. A part of a building that has been extended from the original
5. (semantics) Capacity of a concept or general term to include a greater or smaller number of objects; — correlative of intension.

   • In addition to concepts and conceptual senses, Frege holds that there are extensions of concepts. Frege calls an extension of a concept a ‘course of values’. A course of values is determined by the value that the concept has for each of its arguments. Thus, the course of values for the concept __ is a dog records that its value for the argument Zermela is the True and for Socrates is the False, and so on. If two concepts have the same values for every argument, then their courses of values are the same. Thus, courses of values are extensional.

6. (banking, finance) A written engagement on the part of a creditor, allowing a debtor further time to pay a debt.
7. (medicine) The operation of stretching a broken bone so as to bring the fragments into the same straight line.
8. (weightlifting) An exercise in which an arm or leg is straightened against resistance.
9. (fencing) A simple offensive action, consisting of extending the weapon arm forward.
10. (telecommunications) A numerical code used to specify a specific telephone in a telecommunication network.
11. (computing) A file extension.

    Files with the .txt extension usually contain text.

12. (computing) An optional software component that adds functionality to an application.

    a browser extension

13. (logic) The set of tuples of values that, used as arguments, satisfy the predicate.
14. (grammar) A kind of derivative morpheme applied to verbs in Bantu languages.

Synonyms

• (semantics): denotation

Antonyms

• (act of extending): shortening
• (exercise): curl

Derived terms

Related terms

• extend (verb)
• extense
• extent
• (semantics): intension
• (semantics): comprehension

Translations

See also

• flexion

Anagrams

• in extenso

Brunei Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from English extension.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eksten??n/
• Hyphenation: ex?ten?sion

Noun

extension

1. (colloquial) extension cord (electrical cord with multi-port socket)

French

Etymology

From Old French estension, borrowed from Latin extenti?, extenti?nem.

Noun

extension f (plural extensions)

1. extension

Derived terms

• module d'extension

Related terms

• étendre

Further reading

• “extension” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).