different between sum vs dose

English

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) enPR: s?m, IPA^(key): /s?m/
• Rhymes: -?m
• Homophone: some

Etymology 1

From Middle English summe, from Old French summe, from Latin summa, feminine of summus (“highest”).

Noun

sum (plural sums)

1. A quantity obtained by addition or aggregation.

   The sum of 3 and 4 is 7.
2. (often plural) An arithmetic computation, especially one posed to a student as an exercise (not necessarily limited to addition).

   We're learning about division, and the sums are tricky.

   • a large sheet of paper […] covered with long sums

3. A quantity of money.

   a tidy sum

   the sum of forty pounds

   • With a great sum obtained I this freedom.

4. A summary; the principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium.

   This is the sum of all the evidence in the case.

   This is the sum and substance of his objections.

5. A central idea or point; gist.
6. The utmost degree.
7. (obsolete) An old English measure of corn equal to the quarter.
   • 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, page 207:

     The sum is also used for the quarter, and the strike for the bushel.

Synonyms

• (quantity obtained by addition or aggregation): amount, sum total, summation, total, totality
• (arithmetic computation): calculation, computation
• (quantity of money): amount, quantity of money, sum of money
• (summary): See summary
• (central idea or point): center/centre, core, essence, gist, heart, heart and soul, inwardness, kernel, marrow, meat, nub, nitty-gritty, pith substance
• (utmost degree): See summit
• (obsolete: old English measure of corn): quarter

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

• addition, summation: (augend) + (addend) = (summand) + (summand) = (sum, total)
• subtraction: (minuend) ? (subtrahend) = (difference)
• multiplication: (multiplier) × (multiplicand) = (factor) × (factor) = (product)
• division: (dividend) ÷ (divisor) = (quotient), remainder left over if divisor does not divide dividend

Verb

sum (third-person singular simple present sums, present participle summing, simple past and past participle summed)

1. (transitive) To add together.
   • 2005, Plato, Sophist. Translation by Lesley Brown. 250b.

     when you say that stability and change are, it's because you're summing them up together as embraced by it, and taking note of the communion each of them has with being.

2. (transitive) To give a summary of.

Synonyms

• (to add together): add, add together, add up, sum up, summate, tally, tot, tot up, total, tote up
• (to give a summary of): See summarize

Translations

References

• sum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Kazakh ??? (som), Kyrgyz ??? (som), Uyghur ???? (som), and Uzbek so?m, all of which have the core signification “pure”, used in elliptical reference to historical coins of pure gold.

Alternative forms

• som, soum

Noun

sum (plural sums)

1. The basic unit of money in Kyrgyzstan.
2. The basic unit of money in Uzbekistan.

Translations

Etymology 3

Eye dialect spelling of some.

Pronoun

sum

1. (African-American Vernacular, Internet slang, text messaging) Eye dialect spelling of some.

Determiner

sum

1. (African-American Vernacular, Internet slang, text messaging) Eye dialect spelling of some.

Etymology 4

Noun

sum (plural sums)

1. Synonym of somon

Further reading

• sum in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• sum in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• sum at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• MSU, Mus, Mu?, UMS, mu's, mus, mus', ums

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• sun, su

Etymology

From Latin subtus, from sub. Compare Romanian sub.

Preposition

sum

1. under

Czech

Etymology 1

Noun

sum

1. genitive plural of suma

Etymology 2

Noun

sum

1. genitive plural of sumo

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse sem.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s?m?/
• Rhymes: -?m?

Conjunction

sum

1. like, as
2. when, as

Particle

sum (relative particle)

1. that, who, which

Synonyms

• ið

Gothic

Romanization

sum

1. Romanization of ????????????

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -??m

Adjective

sum

1. inflection of sumur (“some”):
   1. nominative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative neuter plural

Kavalan

Noun

sum

1. urine

Latin

Etymology

The present stem is from Proto-Italic *ezom, from Proto-Indo-European *h?ésmi (“I am, I exist”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ???? (eimí), Sanskrit ????? (ásmi), Old English eom (English am). The perfect stem is from Proto-Italic *(fe)f?ai, from Proto-Indo-European *b?úHt (“to become, be”) (whence also f?? (“to become, to be made”), and future and imperfect inflections -b?, -bam). Confer also the etymology at fore.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /sum/, [s????]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /sum/, [sum]

Verb

sum (present infinitive esse, perfect active fu?, future participle fut?rus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle

1. (copulative) to be, exist, have [+dative]
   • Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer

     Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.

     I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.

   • 1647, René Descartes, Meditationes de Prima Philosophia, in qua Dei existentia et animæ immortalitas demonstratur

     Cogito, ergo sum.

     I think, therefore I am.

   • 63 B.C.E., Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)

     O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?.

     O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? What is the government we have? In what city do we live?

   • 121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum ("About the Life of the Caesars", commonly referred to as "The Twelve Caesars")

     Alea iacta est.

     The die is cast.

2. to be there (impersonal verb)
3. (Medieval Latin, in the past tense) to go

   • Ad quod castrum vincendum Pisani fuerunt cum quinquaginta navibus, plattis et schafis, etc,

     They went to conquer Pisanius' castle with fifty boats, engines, siege weapons, etc.

Conjugation

In Vulgar Latin, the present infinitive was changed to have the -re ending: essere.

Derived terms

Descendants

• Aromanian: escu (in part)
• Asturian: ser (in part)
• Corsican: esse
• Dalmatian: saite
• Franco-Provençal: étre (< *estre < *essre), esse (contraction of *essre)
• Friulian: jessi, sei
• Istriot: ièsi
• Italian: essere
• Megleno-Romanian: s?m
• Mirandese: ser (in part)
• Ladin: ester, esser, esse
• Ligurian: êse
• Neapolitan: éssere
• Old French: estre
  • Middle French: estre (conflated with ester)
    • French: être
    • Bourguignon: étre
    • Champenois: ètre
    • Franc-Comtois: étre
    • Gallo: ête
    • Picard: ète
    • Norman: ête
    • Walloon: esse
• Old Portuguese: seer (in part)
  • Galician: ser
  • Portuguese: ser
• Old Occitan: esser
  • Catalan: ésser, ser
  • Occitan: èsser, èstre
• Piedmontese: esse
• Romanian: fi (in part)
• Romansch: esser, easser
• Sardinian: èssere, èssi, èssiri
• Sicilian: èssiri, siri
• Spanish: ser (in part)
• Venetian: èser, èsar, èsare, esare, èsere, èssare, èssere

Further reading

• sum¹ in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• sum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• 1 sum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, pages 1,511–1,512
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
• sum in D. P. Simpson, Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Wiley Publishing, 1968
• sum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Latin summa

Noun

sum m (definite singular summen, indefinite plural summer, definite plural summene)

1. a sum (addition or aggregation)

   Hva er summen av 2+2?

   What's the sum of 2+2?

2. a sum (amount of money)

Derived terms

• leiesum
• pengesum

Etymology 2

From the verb summe

Noun

sum n (definite singular summet)

1. buzz (continuous noise)

Etymology 3

Verb

sum

1. imperative of summe

References

• “sum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Latin summa

Noun

sum m (definite singular summen, indefinite plural summar, definite plural summane)

1. a sum (addition or aggregation)

   Kva er summen av 2+2?

   What's the sum of 2+2?

2. a sum (amount of money)

Derived terms

• pengesum

Etymology 2

From the verb summe

Noun

sum n (definite singular summet)

1. buzz (continuous noise)

Etymology 3

Noun

sum n (definite singular sumet, indefinite plural sum, definite plural suma)

1. an act of swimming

   Dei la på sum utover mot holmen.

   They started swimming towards the holm.

Etymology 4

Pronoun

sum m (feminine sum, neuter sumt, plural sume)

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 2012; superseded by som

References

• “sum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sumaz, whence also Old High German sum, Old Norse sumr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sum/

Pronoun

sum

1. some

Descendants

• Middle English: sum, som, some
  • Scots: sum, some
  • English: some

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sumaz, whence also Old English sum, Old Norse sumr

Pronoun

sum n

1. some

Declension

Descendants

• Middle Low German: som
  • Low German: sum

Phalura

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sum/

Noun

sum m (Perso-Arabic spelling ???)

1. mud (dry), dust

Inflection

a-decl (Obl, pl): -a

References

• Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)?^[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, ?ISBN

Pnar

Etymology

From Proto-Khasian *sum, from Proto-Mon-Khmer. Cognate with Hu ?úm. Likely related to the forms with h- and null initials, such as Bahnar hum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sum/

Noun

sum 

1. to bathe

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sum/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *som?.

Noun

sum m anim

1. European catfish

Declension

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Noun

sum f pl

1. genitive plural of suma

Further reading

• sum in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• sum in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Shabo

Verb

sum

1. say

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sú?m/

Noun

s?m m inan

1. suspicion, mistrust

Inflection

Further reading

• “sum”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Vurës

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sym/

Verb

sum

1. to drink

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle French dose, from Late Latin dosis, from Ancient Greek ????? (dósis, “a portion prescribed”, literally “a giving”), used by Galen and other Greek physicians to mean an amount of medicine, from ?????? (díd?mi, “to give”). Doublet of doos.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /d??s/
• (US) IPA^(key): /do?s/
• Rhymes: -??s

Noun

dose (plural doses)

1. A measured portion of medicine taken at any one time.
2. The quantity of an agent (not always active) substance or radiation administered at any one time.
3. (figuratively, dated) Anything disagreeable that must be taken.
4. (figuratively, dated) A good measure or lengthy experience of something.
5. A venereal infection.
   • 1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia, Faber & Faber 1992 (Avignon Quintet), p. 382:

     It would be very expensive to cure a dose here, as well as unbelievably painful.

Related terms

• dosage

Translations

Verb

dose (third-person singular simple present doses, present participle dosing, simple past and past participle dosed)

1. (transitive) To administer a dose to.
2. To prescribe a dose.
3. To transmit a venereal disease.
   • 1977, The White Buffalo, Wild Bill Hickok:

     Sometime back, one of your scarlet sisters dosed me proper.

Translations

Etymology 2

Noun

dose (plural doses)

1. Archaic form of doze.
   • 1839, Benjamin Abbott, Experience and Gospel Labors of the Rev. Benjamin Abbott

     Just at the dawning of the day, I fell into a dose more like sleep than any I had during the whole night, in which I dreamed that I saw a river as clear as crystal […]

Verb

dose (third-person singular simple present doses, present participle dosing, simple past and past participle dosed)

1. Archaic form of doze.

Anagrams

• Does, SOED, deos, deso, does, odes

Afrikaans

Noun

dose

1. plural of doos

Cebuano

Etymology

From Spanish doce, from Old Spanish doze, dodze, from Latin duodecim.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: do?se

Numeral

dose

1. twelve

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:dose.

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /doz/

Etymology 1

From Latin dosis, from Ancient Greek ????? (dósis). Doublet of dot.

Noun

dose f (plural doses)

1. proportion
2. dose

Derived terms

• dose de cheval
• en avoir sa dose

Related terms

• doser

Descendants

• ? Turkish: doz

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

dose

1. first-person singular present indicative of doser
2. third-person singular present indicative of doser
3. first-person singular present subjunctive of doser
4. third-person singular present subjunctive of doser
5. second-person singular imperative of doser

Further reading

• “dose” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Italian

Noun

dose f (plural dosi)

1. dose
2. quantity, amount, measure
3. deal (great-good) (gran dose-buona dose)

Derived terms

• dosare

Anagrams

• sedo, sedò, sode

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ????? (dósis)

Noun

dose m (definite singular dosen, indefinite plural doser, definite plural dosene)

1. a dose, dosage

References

• “dose” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “dose_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ????? (dósis)

Noun

dose m (definite singular dosen, indefinite plural dosar, definite plural dosane)

1. a dose, dosage

References

• “dose” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Pali

Alternative forms

Noun

dose

1. locative singular of dosa
2. accusative plural of dosa

Portuguese

Noun

dose f (plural doses)

1. dose (measured portion of medicine)
2. (Portugal) portion (of a meal / food)

   Synonym: porção

3. (informal) fix (a single dose of an addictive drug)

Further reading

• “dose” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish doce

Numeral

dose

1. twelve

   Synonym: labindalawa