different between sultan vs shah

English

Etymology

From French sultan, from Ottoman Turkish ?????? (sultan), from Arabic ????????? (sul??n), from Aramaic ??????? (šul??n?, “strength, authority, ruler, prince”) (compare Hebrew ?????????? (shiltón) and Hebrew ????????? (sultán)). Doublet of soldan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?s?lt?n/
• Hyphenation: sul?tan
• Rhymes: -?lt?n

Noun

sultan (plural sultans or (rare) salateen)

1. (historical) The holder of a secular office, formally subordinate to, but de facto the power behind the throne of, the caliph.
2. A hereditary ruler in various Muslim states (sultanate), varying from petty principalities (as in Indonesia and in Yemen), often vassal of a greater ruler, to independent realms, such as Oman, Brunei, or an empire such as the Turkish Ottoman Empire.
3. (card games) A variant of solitaire, played with two decks of cards.
4. A breed of chicken originating in Turkey, kept primarily in gardens for ornamental reasons. See: sultan (chicken)

Derived terms

• sultana
• sultanate

Translations

See also

• sultana bird

References

Anagrams

• Naults, unlast

Azerbaijani

Alternative forms

• soltan

Etymology

From Arabic ????????? (sul??n).

Noun

sultan (definite accusative sultan?, plural sultanlar)

1. sultan

Declension

Further reading

• “sultan” in Obastan.com.

Danish

Etymology

From Arabic ????????? (sul??n)

Noun

sultan c (singular definite sultanen, plural indefinite sultaner)

1. sultan (ruler)

Declension

References

• “sultan” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

From Turkish sultan, from Arabic ????????? (sul??n), from Aramaic ??????? (šul??n?, “strength, authority”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?s?l.t?n/
• Hyphenation: sul?tan

Noun

sultan m (plural sultans, feminine sultane)

1. sultan, a Muslim ruler title
2. a certain pastry

Derived terms

• sultana f
• sultanaat n
• sultane f
• sultanshoen n

References

• M. J. Koenen & J. Endepols, Verklarend Handwoordenboek der Nederlandse Taal (tevens Vreemde-woordentolk), Groningen, Wolters-Noordhoff, 1969 (26th edition) [Dutch dictionary in Dutch]

Estonian

Noun

sultan (genitive sultani, partitive sultanit)

1. sultan (ruler)

Declension

Derived terms

• sultaniriik

Related terms

• sultanaat

Further reading

• sultan in Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat
• sultan” in Sõnaveeb

French

Etymology

From Middle French sultan (“ruler of a Muslim state”), from Ottoman Turkish ??????. See English sultan for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /syl.t??/

Noun

sultan m (plural sultans)

1. A sultan: a Muslim ruler with a certain title.
2. A silk-ornamented basket.
3. A perfume sachet to put in a linen coffer.

Synonyms

• soudan

Descendants

• ? Faroese: sultánur
• ? Portuguese: sultão

References

• Nouveau Petit Larousse illustré. Dictionnaire encyclopédique. Paris, Librairie Larousse, 1952, 146th edition

Further reading

• “sultan” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Icelandic

Noun

sultan

1. definite nominative singular of sulta

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay sultan, from Arabic ????????? (sul??n), from Aramaic ??????? (šul??n?, “strength, authority, ruler, prince”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?s?ltan]
• Hyphenation: sul?tan

Noun

sultan (first-person possessive sultanku, second-person possessive sultanmu, third-person possessive sultannya)

1. sultan

   Synonyms: baginda, raja

Derived terms

Further reading

• “sultan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

From Arabic ????????? (sul??n), from Aramaic ??????? (šul??n?, “strength, authority, ruler, prince”).

Noun

sultan (Jawi spelling ??????, plural sultan-sultan, informal 1st possessive sultanku, impolite 2nd possessive sultanmu, 3rd possessive sultannya)

1. sultan (ruler)

Derived terms

• kesultanan

Descendants

• Indonesian: sultan
• ? Min Nan: ?? (sú-tan)

Further reading

• “sultan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic ????????? (sul??n).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sul?ta?n/

Noun

sultan m (plural slaten, feminine sultana)

1. (dated, historical or figuratively) king, monarch, ruler

   Synonym: re

Usage notes

• The word is rare for the kings of modern internationally recognised states, but is otherwise still used in a broader or historical sense. Compare the same in saltna versus renju.

Related terms

• saltna

Middle French

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish ?????? (or an Old Anatolian Turkish ancestor) or directly from Arabic ????????? (sul??n).

Noun

sultan m (plural sultans)

1. sultan (ruler of a Muslim state)

Descendants

• French: sultan
  • ? Faroese: sultánur
  • ? Portuguese: sultão
• ? English: sultan

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Arabic ????????? (sul??n)

Noun

sultan m (definite singular sultanen, indefinite plural sultaner, definite plural sultanene)

1. sultan (ruler)

References

• “sultan” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Arabic ????????? (sul??n)

Noun

sultan m (definite singular sultanen, indefinite plural sultanar, definite plural sultanane)

1. sultan (ruler)

References

• “sultan” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Piedmontese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /syl?ta?/

Noun

sultan m

1. sultan (ruler)

Romanian

Etymology

From Turkish sultan, from Arabic ????????? (sul??n).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sul?tan/

Noun

sultan m (plural sultani)

1. sultan

Declension

Derived terms

• sultan?
• sult?nesc

Further reading

• sultan in DEX online - Dic?ionare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish ?????? (compare Turkish sultan), from Arabic ?????? (sul??n).

Noun

sùlt?n m (Cyrillic spelling ????????)

1. sultan

Declension

Slovene

Noun

sultan m ?

1. sultan (ruler)

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

• “sultan”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swedish

Etymology

From Arabic ????????? (sul??n)

Noun

sultan c

1. sultan (ruler)

Declension

Further reading

• sultan in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (13th ed., online)

Anagrams

• anslut, lustan, lutans, slutna

Tagalog

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sultan/
• Hyphenation: sul?tan

Etymology

From Malay sultan, ultimately from Arabic ????????? (sul??n).

Noun

sultan (feminine sultana)

1. a male monarch or ruler of islamic sultanates
2. (historical) The ruler of the Islamicized sultanate polities of the Philippines. A notable example is the Sultanate of Sulu.

   Synonyms: sultana, hari, raha, raja, ladya, lakan, datu, dayang, reyna

See also

• hari
• sultana
• sultanato
• Gat
• dayang
• poon
• Panginoon

Tausug

Noun

sultan

1. sultan (Muslim king)

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish ?????? (sultân), from Arabic ????????? (sul??n), from Aramaic ??????? (šul??n?, “strength, authority”) (compare Hebrew ?????????? (shiltón)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /su??ta?n/

Noun

sultan (definite accusative sultan?, plural sultanlar)

1. A monarchic title for Sunni Muslim monarchs.
2. A noble title for monarch's mother, wifes and children.
3. A honorific title for Bektashi saints.
4. A breed of chicken originating in Turkey, kept primarily in gardens for ornamental reasons. See: sultan (chicken)

Declension

Derived terms

Yakan

Noun

sultan

1. sultan (Muslim king)

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???/
• Rhymes: -??

Etymology 1

From Persian ???? (šâh), from Middle Persian ????????????????? (š?h), from Old Persian ???? (XŠ /xš?ya?iya/). Doublet of check. More at chess.

Alternative forms

• schah (archaic)
• šâh, š?h, sh?h, s?h??h (all rare)

Noun

shah (plural shahs)

1. A king of Persia or Iran.
2. A supreme ruler in some Middle Eastern or South Asian nations.

Usage notes

The wife of the last shah of Iran used the title shahbanu, which was translated as empress into English.

Derived terms

• shahdom

Related terms

• shahanshah
• shahi
• Shahmukhi

Translations

Etymology 2

From Ukrainian ??? (šah).

Noun

shah (plural shahs or shahy or shahiv)

1. (historical) A Ukrainian monetary unit.

Translations

Anagrams

• Hash, ahhs, hahs, hash

Albanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ???? (shâh), from Persian ???? (shâh).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?a]

Noun

shah m

1. chess

French

Etymology

From Persian

Noun

shah m (plural shahs)

1. Alternative spelling of schah

Further reading

• “shah” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

South Slavey

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ah/

Noun

shah

1. Fort Liard form of sah

References

• Keren Rice (1989) A Grammar of Slave, Berlin, West Germany: Mouton de Gruyter, ?ISBN, page 37

Swedish

Etymology

From Persian ???? (š?h), from Middle Persian ????????????????? (š?h), from Old Persian ???? (xš?ya?iya).

Noun

shah c

1. a shah; a king of Persia

Declension

Related terms

• schack