different between sullen vs obstinate
sullen
English
Etymology
From Middle English solein, from Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”), from Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”), from Latin s?lus (“by oneself alone”). The change in meaning from "single" to morose occurred in Middle English.
Pronunciation
- enPR: s?l??n, IPA(key): /?s?l?n/
- Rhymes: -?l?n
- Hyphenation: sul?len
Adjective
sullen (comparative sullener, superlative sullenest)
- Having a brooding ill temper; sulky.
- 1709, Matthew Prior, Pleasure
- And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast.
- 2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.
- 1709, Matthew Prior, Pleasure
- Gloomy; dismal; foreboding.
- a sullen atmosphere
- 1593, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, IV. v. 88:
- Our solemn hymns to sullen dirges change;
- Sluggish; slow.
- (obsolete) Lonely; solitary; desolate.
- (obsolete) Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious.
- (obsolete) Obstinate; intractable.
- a. 1694, John Tillotson, Imprudence of Atheism
- Things are as sullen as we are.
- a. 1694, John Tillotson, Imprudence of Atheism
Synonyms
(in a bad mood):
- sulky, morose
Antonyms
- cheerful
- content
- lighthearted
- pleased
Translations
Noun
sullen (plural sullens)
- (obsolete) One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Piers Plowman to this entry?)
- (chiefly in the plural) Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness.
- 1593, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King Richard the Second, II. i. 139:
- And let them die that age and sullens have;
- 1748, Samuel Richardson, Clarissa, I.7:
- [M]y brother […] charged my desire of being excused coming down to sullens, because a certain person had been spoken against, upon whom, as he supposed, my fancy ran.
- 1593, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King Richard the Second, II. i. 139:
Anagrams
- unsell
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch sulan
Verb
sullen
- (auxiliary) must, to have to
- (auxiliary, negated) may, be allowed to
- (auxiliary) will, shall, be going to (future tense)
- (auxiliary, in the past tense) to be about to (inchoative)
- (modal auxiliary) indicates a possible or hypothetical situation
- (modal auxiliary) indicates information garnered from a third party that may or may not be reliable
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Alternative forms
- suelen
- s?len
- sellen
- s?len
- sollen
Descendants
- Dutch: zullen
- Afrikaans: sal
- Limburgish: zölle, zólle
Further reading
- “sullen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “sullen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN
Northern Sami
Pronunciation
Verb
s?llen
- first-person singular past indicative of suollit
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obstinate
English
Alternative forms
- obstinant (proscribed)
Etymology
From Middle English obstinate, obstinat, from Latin obstin?tus, past participle of obstin? (“set one's mind firmly upon, resolve”), from ob (“before”) + *stinare, from stare (“to stand”). Doublet of ostinato.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /??b.st?.n?t/, /??b.st?.n?t/
- (US) enPR: äb'st?n?t, IPA(key): /??b.st?.n?t/, /??b.st?.n?t/
- Hyphenation (US): ob?sti?nate
Adjective
obstinate (comparative more obstinate, superlative most obstinate)
- Stubbornly adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course, usually with implied unreasonableness; persistent.
- 1686, Montaigne, translated by Charles Cotton, "That men are justly punished for being obstinate in the defence of a fort that is not in reason to be defended",
- From this consideration it is that we have derived the custom, in times of war, to punish […] those who are obstinate to defend a place that by the rules of war is not tenable […]
- 1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair, Chapter 21:
- […] the junior Osborne was quite as obstinate as the senior: when he wanted a thing, quite as firm in his resolution to get it; and quite as violent when angered, as his father in his most stern moments
- 1686, Montaigne, translated by Charles Cotton, "That men are justly punished for being obstinate in the defence of a fort that is not in reason to be defended",
- (of inanimate things) Not easily subdued or removed.
- 1925-29, Mahadev Desai (translator), M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Part IV, Chapter XXIX,
- Now it happened that Kasturbai […] had again begun getting haemorrhage, and the malady seemed to be obstinate.
- 1925-29, Mahadev Desai (translator), M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Part IV, Chapter XXIX,
- (of a facial feature) Typical of an obstinate person; fixed and unmoving.
Synonyms
- (stubbornly adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course): bloody-minded, persistent, stubborn, pertinacious, see also Thesaurus:obstinate
- (not easily subdued): persistent, unrelenting, inexorable
Derived terms
- obstinacy
- obstinately
- obstinateness
Related terms
Translations
Further reading
- obstinate in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- obstinate in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- obstinate at OneLook Dictionary Search
Anagrams
- obestatin, obtainest
Latin
Participle
obstin?te
- vocative masculine singular of obstin?tus
References
- obstinate in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- obstinate in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- obstinate in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
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