different between sullen vs dark
sullen
English
Etymology
From Middle English solein, from Anglo-Norman soleyn (“alone”), from Old French sole (“single, sole, alone”), from Latin s?lus (“by oneself alone”). The change in meaning from "single" to morose occurred in Middle English.
Pronunciation
- enPR: s?l??n, IPA(key): /?s?l?n/
- Rhymes: -?l?n
- Hyphenation: sul?len
Adjective
sullen (comparative sullener, superlative sullenest)
- Having a brooding ill temper; sulky.
- 1709, Matthew Prior, Pleasure
- And sullen I forsook the imperfect feast.
- 2007, Steven Wilson, "Normal", Porcupine Tree, Nil Recurring.
- 1709, Matthew Prior, Pleasure
- Gloomy; dismal; foreboding.
- a sullen atmosphere
- 1593, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, IV. v. 88:
- Our solemn hymns to sullen dirges change;
- Sluggish; slow.
- (obsolete) Lonely; solitary; desolate.
- (obsolete) Mischievous; malignant; unpropitious.
- (obsolete) Obstinate; intractable.
- a. 1694, John Tillotson, Imprudence of Atheism
- Things are as sullen as we are.
- a. 1694, John Tillotson, Imprudence of Atheism
Synonyms
(in a bad mood):
- sulky, morose
Antonyms
- cheerful
- content
- lighthearted
- pleased
Translations
Noun
sullen (plural sullens)
- (obsolete) One who is solitary, or lives alone; a hermit.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Piers Plowman to this entry?)
- (chiefly in the plural) Sullen feelings or manners; sulks; moroseness.
- 1593, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King Richard the Second, II. i. 139:
- And let them die that age and sullens have;
- 1748, Samuel Richardson, Clarissa, I.7:
- [M]y brother […] charged my desire of being excused coming down to sullens, because a certain person had been spoken against, upon whom, as he supposed, my fancy ran.
- 1593, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King Richard the Second, II. i. 139:
Anagrams
- unsell
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch sulan
Verb
sullen
- (auxiliary) must, to have to
- (auxiliary, negated) may, be allowed to
- (auxiliary) will, shall, be going to (future tense)
- (auxiliary, in the past tense) to be about to (inchoative)
- (modal auxiliary) indicates a possible or hypothetical situation
- (modal auxiliary) indicates information garnered from a third party that may or may not be reliable
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Alternative forms
- suelen
- s?len
- sellen
- s?len
- sollen
Descendants
- Dutch: zullen
- Afrikaans: sal
- Limburgish: zölle, zólle
Further reading
- “sullen”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “sullen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN
Northern Sami
Pronunciation
Verb
s?llen
- first-person singular past indicative of suollit
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dark
English
Pronunciation
- (General American) enPR: därk, IPA(key): /d??k/
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: därk, IPA(key): /d??k/
- Rhymes: -??(?)k
Etymology 1
From Middle English derk, from Old English deorc, from Proto-West Germanic *derk (“dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *d?erg- (“dim, dull”), from Proto-Indo-European *d?er- (“dull, dirty”).
Adjective
dark (comparative darker, superlative darkest)
- Having an absolute or (more often) relative lack of light.
- (of a source of light) Extinguished.
- Deprived of sight; blind.
- 29 March 1661 (entry), 1818 (first published), John Evelyn, Diary
- He was, I think, at this time quite dark, and so had been for some years.
- 29 March 1661 (entry), 1818 (first published), John Evelyn, Diary
- (of a source of light) Extinguished.
- (of colour) Dull or deeper in hue; not bright or light.
- Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes. The clear light of the bright autumn morning had no terrors for youth and health like hers.
- If I close my eyes I can see Marie today as I saw her then. Round, rosy face, snub nose, dark hair piled up in a chignon.
- (broadcasting, of a television station) Off the air; not transmitting.
- Hidden, secret, obscure.
- Not clear to the understanding; not easily through; obscure; mysterious; hidden.
- 1594–, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie
- What may seem dark at the first, will afterward be found more plain.
- 1801, Isaac Watts, The improvement of the mind, or A supplement to the art of logic
- It is the remark of an ingenious writer, should a barbarous Indian, who had never seen a palace or a ship, view their separate and disjointed parts, and observe the pillars, doors, windows, cornices and turrets of the one, or the prow and stern, the ribs and masts, the ropes and shrouds, the sails and tackle of the other, he would be able to form but a very lame and dark idea of either of those excellent and useful inventions.
- 1881, John Shairp, Aspects of Poetry
- the dark problems of existence
- 1594–, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie
- (gambling, of race horses) Having racing capability not widely known.
- Not clear to the understanding; not easily through; obscure; mysterious; hidden.
- Without moral or spiritual light; sinister, malign.
- Conducive to hopelessness; depressing or bleak.
- 1819-1820, Washington Irving, The Sketch Book
- There is, in every true woman's heart, a spark of heavenly fire, which beams and blazes in the dark hour of adversity.
- 1819-1820, Washington Irving, The Sketch Book
- Lacking progress in science or the arts; said of a time period.
- 1668, John Denham, The Progress of Learning
- The age wherein he lived was dark, but he / Could not want light who taught the world to see.
- 1837, Henry Hallam, Introduction to the Literature of Europe, in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
- The tenth century used to be reckoned by mediaeval historians as the darkest part of this intellectual night.
- 1668, John Denham, The Progress of Learning
- Extremely sad, depressing, or somber, typically due to, or marked by, a tragic or undesirable event.
- September 11, 2001, the day when four terrorist attacks destroyed the Twin Towers and the Pentagon, is often referred to as America's dark day.
- With emphasis placed on the unpleasant aspects of life; said of a work of fiction, a work of nonfiction presented in narrative form or a portion of either.
Synonyms
- (relative lack of light): dim, gloomy, see also Thesaurus:dark
- (sinister or secret): hidden, secret, sinister, see also Thesaurus:hidden
- (without morals): malign, sinister, see also Thesaurus:evil
- (of colour): deep, see also Thesaurus:dark colour
- (conducive to hopelessness): hopeless, negative, pessimistic
- (lacking progress): unenlightened
Antonyms
- (relative lack of light): bright, light, lit
- (of colour): bright, light, pale
Derived terms
Related terms
- darken
- darkling
- darkness
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle English derk, derke, dirke, dyrke, from the adjective (see above), or possibly from an unrecorded Old English *dierce, *diercu (“dark, darkness”).
Noun
dark (usually uncountable, plural darks)
- A complete or (more often) partial absence of light.
- (uncountable) Ignorance.
- Till we perceive it by our own understandings, we are as much in the dark, and as void of knowledge, as before.
- (uncountable) Nightfall.
- A dark shade or dark passage in a painting, engraving, etc.
- 1695, John Dryden (translator), Observations on the Art of Painting by Charles Alphonse du Fresnoy
- The lights may serve for a repose to the darks, and the darks to the lights.
- 1695, John Dryden (translator), Observations on the Art of Painting by Charles Alphonse du Fresnoy
Synonyms
- (absence of light): darkness
- (ignorance): cluelessness, knowledgelessness, unawareness
- (nightfall): crepusculum, evenfall, mirkning; see also Thesaurus:dusk
Derived terms
Translations
Etymology 3
From Middle English derken, from Old English deorcian, from Proto-West Germanic *derk?n.
Verb
dark (third-person singular simple present darks, present participle darking, simple past and past participle darked)
- (intransitive) To grow or become dark, darken.
- (intransitive) To remain in the dark, lurk, lie hidden or concealed.
- (transitive) To make dark, darken; to obscure.
See also
- black
- shadow
Anagrams
- k-rad
Italian
Etymology
English
Adjective
dark (invariable)
- dark (used especially to describe a form of punk music)
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