different between substitute vs veer

English

Etymology

From Middle English substituten, from Latin substitutus, past participle of substitu?.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?s?bst?t?u?t/, /?s?bst?tju?t/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?s?bst?tut/, /?s?bst?tjut/
• Hyphenation: sub?sti?tute
• Rhymes: -u?t

Verb

substitute (third-person singular simple present substitutes, present participle substituting, simple past and past participle substituted)

1. (transitive) To use in place of something else, with the same function.

   I had no shallots so I substituted onion.

2. (transitive, in the phrase "substitute X for Y") To use X in place of Y.

   I had to substitute new parts for the old ones.

3. (transitive, formerly proscribed, in the phrase "substitute X with/by Y") To use Y in place of X; to replace X with Y.

   I had to substitute old parts with the new ones.

4. (transitive, sports) To remove (a player) from the field of play and bring on another in his place.

   He was playing poorly and was substituted after twenty minutes
5. (intransitive) To serve as a replacement (for someone or something).
   • 1987, James Tobin, Essays in Economics, Vol. 2, p. 75

     Accumulation of wealth by this route may substitute for personal saving.

Usage notes

The verb "to substitute" can be used transitively in two opposite ways. "To substitute X" may mean either "use X in place of something else" (as in definitions 1 and 2), or "use something else in place of X" (as in definitions 3 and 4). The latter use is more recent, but it is widespread and now generally accepted (see the COED's note on the matter). However, if the indirect object (the "something else") is omitted, the preposition is also omitted, and the reader or hearer cannot tell which sense is meant:

• "Substitute butter for olive oil" = Use butter instead of olive oil
• "Substitute butter with olive oil" = Use olive oil instead of butter
• "Substitute butter" = ???

Synonyms

• (to replace X with Y): exchange, swap; See also Thesaurus:switch

Translations

Noun

substitute (plural substitutes)

1. A replacement or stand-in for something that achieves a similar result or purpose.

   Synonyms: surrogate; see also Thesaurus:substitute

   • 1840, Thomas De Quincey, Theory of Greek Tragedy (published in Blackwood's Magazine)

     Ladies [in Shakespeare's age] […] wore masks as the sole substitute known to our ancestors for the modern parasol.
2. (sports) A player who is available to replace another if the need arises, and who may or may not actually do so.
3. (historical) One who enlists for military service in the place of a conscript.
4. (economics) Abbreviation of substitute good.

Translations

Latin

Participle

substit?te

1. vocative masculine singular of substit?tus

English

Pronunciation

• (General Australian, Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /v??/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /v?(?)?/
• Rhymes: -??(r)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Dutch vieren (“to slacken”).

Verb

veer (third-person singular simple present veers, present participle veering, simple past and past participle veered)

1. (obsolete, nautical) To let out (a sail-line), to allow (a sheet) to run out.
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, volume 12:

     As when a skilfull Marriner doth reed / A storme approching, that doth perill threat, / He will not bide the daunger of such dread, / But strikes his sayles, and vereth his mainsheat, / And lends vnto it leaue the emptie ayre to beat.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Middle French virer.

Noun

veer (plural veers)

1. A turn or swerve; an instance of veering.
   • 1917, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

     […] there is always a sudden, though small rise in the barometer, and a sudden drop of temperature of several degrees, sometimes as much as ten or fifteen degrees; there is also a sudden veer in the wind direction.

Translations

Verb

veer (third-person singular simple present veers, present participle veering, simple past and past participle veered)

1. (intransitive) To change direction or course suddenly; to swerve.

   • And as he leads, the following navy veers.

   • 1796, Edmund Burke, Letters on a Regicide Peace

     An ordinary community which is hostile or friendly as passion or as interest may veer about.
2. (intransitive, of the wind) To shift in a clockwise direction (if in the Northern Hemisphere, or in a counterclockwise direction if in the Southern Hemisphere).
3. (intransitive, nautical, of the wind) To shift aft.
4. (intransitive, nautical) To change direction into the wind; to wear ship.
5. (transitive) To turn.

Antonyms

• (of the wind, to shift clockwise): back
• (of the wind, to shift aft): haul forward

Translations

References

Anagrams

• Vere, ever

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch veer.

Noun

veer (plural vere)

1. feather

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ve???r/, [??e???]
• Rhymes: -e???r

Noun

veer

1. plural of ve

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ve?r/, [v??r]
• Hyphenation: veer
• Rhymes: -e?r

Etymology 1

A contraction of veder, from Middle Dutch vedere, from Old Dutch fethara, from Proto-West Germanic *feþru, from Proto-Germanic *feþr?, from Proto-Indo-European *péth?r? ~ pth?én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth?- (“to fly”). The sense "spring" is derived from the ability of feathers to resume their shape when bent.

Cognate with Low German Fedder, German Feder, West Frisian fear, English feather, Danish fjer, Swedish fjäder.

Noun

veer f (plural veren, diminutive veertje n)

1. feather

   Synonym: pluim

2. spring (e.g. metallic helix which resists stress)

Alternative forms

• (feather): veder (dated)

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: veer
• ? Indonesian: per (“spring”)

Verb

veer

1. first-person singular present indicative of veren
2. imperative of veren

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch vere, from Old Dutch feri, from Proto-Germanic *farjan?.

Cognate with German Fähre.

Noun

veer n (plural veren, diminutive veertje n)

1. ferry

Synonyms

• overzet
• pont, veerpont m, veerboot

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: veer

Anagrams

• erve, ever, vere, vree

Dutch Low Saxon

Alternative forms

• vaaier (Gronings)

Etymology

From Low German, from Middle Low German vêr, from Old Saxon fiuwar. Ultimately cognate to German vier.

Numeral

veer

1. four (4)

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *veeri.

Noun

veer (genitive veere, partitive veert)

1. edge

Declension

German Low German

Etymology

From Low German, from Middle Low German vêr, from Old Saxon fiuwar. Ultimately cognate to German vier, English four.

Numeral

veer

1. (in some dialects, including Low Prussian and Münsterland) four (4)

Coordinate terms

See also

• Plautdietsch: veea

Jutish

Etymology

From Old Norse vita.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?ve??]

Verb

veer

1. (Fjolde) to know

References

• “veer” in Anders Bjerrum and Marie Bjerrum (1974), Ordbog over Fjoldemålet, Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag.

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

veer m

1. indefinite plural of ve

Old French

Verb

veer

1. Alternative form of veoir

Old Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin vid?re, present active infinitive of vide?, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know; see”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?e?e?/

Verb

veer

1. to see
   • 13th century, Vindel manuscript, Martín Codax, Ai ondas que eu vim veer (facsimile)

     Ay ondas que eu uin ueer / ?e me ?aberedes dizer / por que tarda meu amigo s? mj

     Oh waves that I came to see / say unto me / Why my lover lingers thus away from me?

Descendants

• Galician: ver
• Portuguese: ver

Westrobothnian

Alternative forms

• vedär

Etymology

From Old Norse viðra, related to veðr (“weather”).

Verb

veer

1. let wind blow through something

Related terms

• ver