different between stun vs stum

English

Etymology

From Middle English stunien, stonien, stounien, from Old English stunian (“to crash, make a loud sound, resound, roar, strike with a loud sound, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy”), from Proto-Germanic *stun?n?, *stunjan? (“to sound, crash, bang, groan”), from Proto-Germanic *stenan? (“to moan, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tona-, *(s)tena- (“to thunder, roar, groan”) (compare thunder). Cognate with Middle Low German stonen (“to groan”), Middle High German stunen, stunden (“to drive, push, knock, strike”), Swedish stöna (“to moan, groan”), Icelandic stynja (“to moan”). Related also to Dutch steunen (“to groan; support”), German stöhnen (“to groan, moan”), German staunen (“to be astonished, be amazed, marvel at”), Russian ??????? (stonat?), ???????? (stenát?, “to moan, groan”). See also Occitan estonar, Old French estoner, English astonish.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?n/
• Rhymes: -?n

Verb

stun (third-person singular simple present stuns, present participle stunning, simple past and past participle stunned)

1. (transitive) To incapacitate; especially by inducing disorientation or unconsciousness.

   Bill tried to stun the snake by striking it on the head.

   In many European countries cattle have to be stunned before slaughtering.

2. (transitive) To shock or surprise.

   The celebrity was stunned to find herself confronted with unfounded allegiations on the front page of a newspaper.

   He stood there stunned, looking at the beautiful, breath-taking sunrise.

3. (snooker, billiards) To hit the cue ball so that it slides without topspin or backspin (and with or without sidespin) and continues at a natural angle after contact with the object ball

Translations

Noun

stun (countable and uncountable, plural stuns)

1. The condition of being stunned.
2. That which stuns; a shock; a stupefying blow.
3. (Newfoundland) A person who lacks intelligence.
4. (billiard, snooker, pool) The effect on the cue ball where the ball is hit without topspin, backspin or sidespin.

Translations

Anagrams

• NUTS, Unst, nuts, tsun, tuns

English

Etymology

From Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”). Compare French vin muet, German stummer Wein. Doublet of shtum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?m/

Noun

stum (countable and uncountable, plural stums)

1. (obsolete) Unfermented grape juice; must.
   • 1620s, Ben Jonson, Leges Convivales

     Let our wines, without mixture of stum, be all fine.

   • 1682, John Dryden, The Medal

     And with thy stum ferment their fainting cause.

2. (obsolete) Wine revived by new fermentation, resulting from the admixture of must.

Verb

stum (third-person singular simple present stums, present participle stumming, simple past and past participle stummed)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To ferment.
2. (transitive, obsolete) To renew (wine etc.) by mixing must with it and raising a new fermentation.
   • 1696, John Floyer, The praeternatural State of animal Hurnours described by their sensible Qualities

     We stum our crude wines […] to renew their spirits.

3. (transitive, obsolete) To fume, as a cask of liquor, with burning sulphur.

References

• stum in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Anagrams

• MTUs, UMTS, must, smut, tums

Danish

Adjective

stum (neuter stumt, plural and definite singular attributive stumme)

1. mute, not possessing the ability of speech
2. temporarily unable to speak due to strong emotion
3. not involving speech

Latvian

Verb

stum

1. 2nd person singular present indicative form of stumt
2. 2nd person singular imperative form of stumt

Swedish

Pronunciation

Adjective

stum

1. mute; unable to speak

Related terms

• stumhet
• stumfilm

Anagrams

• must, tums