different between stubborn vs arduous

English

Etymology

From Middle English stiborne, stibourne, stoburn, stoburne, styburne, stiborn. Origin uncertain.

One theory is that the origin may come from *stybor, *stibor, from Old English stybb (“a stump, stub”) + adj. formative -or as in Old English bitor, English bitter.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /?st?b?n/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?st?b?n/
• Rhymes: -?b?(?)n
• Hyphenation: stub?born

Adjective

stubborn (comparative stubborner, superlative stubbornest)

1. Refusing to move or to change one's opinion; obstinate; firmly resisting; persistent in doing something.

2. Of materials: physically stiff and inflexible; not easily melted or worked.

Synonyms

• willful, headstrong, wayward, obstinate, obdurate, contrary, disobedient, insubordinate, undisciplined, adamant, unyielding, rebellious
• See also Thesaurus:obstinate, perseverant, persistent, enduring

Derived terms

• stubbornly
• stubbornness

Translations

Noun

stubborn (uncountable)

1. (informal) Stubbornness.
2. A disease of citrus trees characterized by stunted growth and misshapen fruit, caused by Spiroplasma citri.

Further reading

• stubborn in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• stubborn in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• stubborn at OneLook Dictionary Search

English

Etymology

From Latin arduus (“lofty, high, steep, hard to reach, difficult, laborious”), akin to Irish ard (“high”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /???dju??s/, /???d??u??s/
• (US) IPA^(key): /????d??u?s/

Adjective

arduous (comparative more arduous, superlative most arduous)

1. Needing or using up much energy; testing powers of endurance.
   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:arduous.
2. (obsolete) burning; ardent
   • 1805-1814, Dante, Henry Francis Cary (translator), The Divine Comedy

3. Difficult or exhausting to traverse.
   • 1999, Scott Ciencin, Mike Fredericks, Dinoverse:

     Mike looked up from the arduous mountain trail. They'd been climbing for five hours and he was beginning to feel irritable.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:arduous.

Synonyms

• burdensome, demanding, exhausting, fatiguing, laborious, onerous, strenuous, strugglesome, wearisome

Derived terms

• arduousness

Related terms

• arduity

Translations

Further reading

• arduous in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• arduous in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• arduous at OneLook Dictionary Search