different between struggle vs emulation

English

Alternative forms

• stroggell, strogell (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English struglen, stroglen, strogelen, of obscure origin. Cognate with Scots strugil (“to struggle, grapple, contend”). Perhaps from a variant of *strokelen, *stroukelen (> English stroll), from Middle Dutch struyckelen ("to stumble, trip, falter"; > Modern Dutch struikelen), the frequentative form of Old Dutch *str?kon (“to stumble”), from Proto-Germanic *str?k?n?, *str?k?n? (“to be stiff”), from Proto-Indo-European *strug-, *ster- (“to be stiff; to bristle, strut, stumble, fall”), related to Middle Low German strûkelen ("to stumble"; > Low German strükeln), Old High German str?hh?n, str?hh?n ("to stumble, trip, tumble, go astray"; > German strauchen, straucheln).

Alternative etymology derives the base of struggle from Old Norse strúgr (“arrogance, pride, spitefulness, ill-will”) + -le (frequentative suffix), from Proto-Germanic *str?kaz (“stiff, rigid”), ultimately from the same Proto-Indo-European root above, which would make it cognate with dialectal Swedish strug (“contention, strife, discord”), Norwegian stru (“obstinate, unruly”), Danish struende (“reluctantly”), Scots strug (“difficulty, perplexity, a laborious task”).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /?str???l/, [?st???l?]
• Hyphenation: strug?gle
• Rhymes: -???l

Noun

struggle (plural struggles)

1. A contortion of the body in an attempt to escape or to perform a difficult task.
2. (figuratively) Strife, contention, great effort.

Derived terms

• class struggle
• power struggle

Translations

Verb

struggle (third-person singular simple present struggles, present participle struggling, simple past and past participle struggled)

1. To strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight (for or against), to contend.
2. To strive, or to make efforts, with a twisting, or with contortions of the body.

Usage notes

• This is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs

Translations

Anagrams

• gurglets

English

Alternative forms

• æmulation (archaic)

Etymology

From Middle French émulation, from Latin aemul?ti?nem, accusative singular form of aemul?ti?.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??m.j??le??.??n/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /??m.ju?le??.??n/, /-??n/
• Rhymes: -e???n, -e???n

Noun

emulation (countable and uncountable, plural emulations)

1. The endeavor or desire to equal or excel someone else in qualities or actions.

   a great figure who is worthy of respect and emulation

2. (obsolete) Jealous rivalry; envy; envious contention.
   • , New York Review Books 2001, p.263:

     Scarce two gentlemen dwell together in the country […] , but there is emulation betwixt them and their servants, some quarrel or some grudge betwixt their wives or children […]

3. (computing) Running a program or other software designed for a different system, by simulating parts of the other system.

Related terms

• emulate
• emulative
• emulator

Translations

Anagrams

• Manuelito, laumonite