different between stress vs effect

English

Etymology

From a shortening of Middle English destresse, borrowed from Old French destrecier, from Latin distring? (“to stretch out”). This form probably coalesced with Middle English stresse, from Old French estrece (“narrowness”), from Vulgar Latin *strictia, from Latin strictus (“narrow”).

In the sense of "mental strain" or “disruption”, used occasionally in the 1920s and 1930s by psychologists, including Walter Cannon (1934); in “biological threat”, used by endocrinologist Hans Selye, by metaphor with stress in physics (force on an object) in the 1930s, and popularized by same in the 1950s.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st??s/
• Rhymes: -?s

Noun

stress (countable and uncountable, plural stresses)

1. (biology) A physical, chemical, infective agent aggressing an organism.
2. (biology) Aggression toward an organism resulting in a response in an attempt to restore previous conditions.
3. (countable, physics) The internal distribution of force across a small boundary per unit area of that boundary (pressure) within a body. It causes strain or deformation and is typically symbolised by ? or ?.
4. (countable, physics) Force externally applied to a body which cause internal stress within the body.
5. (uncountable) Emotional pressure suffered by a human being or other animal.

6. (uncountable, phonetics) The emphasis placed on a syllable of a word.

7. (uncountable) Emphasis placed on words in speaking.
8. (uncountable) Emphasis placed on a particular point in an argument or discussion (whether spoken or written).
9. Obsolete form of distress.
10. (Scotland, law) distress; the act of distraining; also, the thing distrained.

Synonyms

• (phonetics): accent, emphasis
• (on words in speaking): emphasis
• (on a point): emphasis

Derived terms

• stress deafness
• stress-free, stressfree
• stressful
• stresswise

Translations

Verb

stress (third-person singular simple present stresses, present participle stressing, simple past and past participle stressed)

1. (transitive) To apply force to (a body or structure) causing strain.
2. (transitive) To apply emotional pressure to (a person or animal).
3. (intransitive, informal) To suffer stress; to worry or be agitated.
4. (transitive) To emphasise (a syllable of a word).

5. (transitive) To emphasise (words in speaking).
6. (transitive) To emphasise (a point) in an argument or discussion.

Synonyms

• (phonetics): emphasise/emphasize
• (on words in speaking): emphasise/emphasize
• (on a point): emphasise/emphasize, underline

Derived terms

• de-stress, destress
• stressed
• stress out

Translations

References

Related terms

• strain
• strait
• strict
• stringent
• stringency

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from English stress.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?sd???s], [?sd??as], [?sd???s]

Noun

stress c or n (singular definite stressen or stresset, not used in plural)

1. stress

Derived terms

• stresse (verb)
• stresset (adjective)

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English stress.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -?s

Noun

stress m (uncountable)

1. stress

Derived terms

• stressen (“to be stressed”)
• stresskip
• stresskonijn

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English stress.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st??s/

Noun

stress m (uncountable)

1. stress (emotional pressure)

Derived terms

• stresser

Further reading

• “stress” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Icelandic

Etymology

Borrowed from English stress.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /str?s?/
• Rhymes: -?s?

Noun

stress n (genitive singular stress, no plural)

1. stress

Declension

Related terms

• stressa
• stressaður

Indonesian

Noun

stress (first-person possessive stressku, second-person possessive stressmu, third-person possessive stressnya)

1. Nonstandard spelling of stres.

Adjective

stress (plural stress-stress)

1. Nonstandard spelling of stres.

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from English stress.

Noun

stress m (invariable)

1. stress

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowed from English stress.

Verb

stress

1. imperative of stresse

Portuguese

Noun

stress m (plural stresses)

1. Alternative form of estresse

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English stress.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /es?t?es/, [es?t??es]

Noun

stress m (plural stresses)

1. stress

   Synonym: estrés

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from English stress.

Noun

stress c (uncountable)

1. stress

Declension

English

Etymology

For noun: from Middle English effect, from Old French effect (modern French effet), from Latin effectus (“an effect, tendency, purpose”), from effici? (“accomplish, complete, effect”); see effect as a verb. Replaced Old English fremming, fremednes from fremman.

For verb: from Middle English effecten, partly from Latin effectus, perfect passive participle of effici? (“accomplish, complete, do, effect”), from ex (“out”) + faci? (“do, make”) (see fact and compare affect, infect) and partly from the noun effect.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??f?kt/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /??f?kt/
• (Malaysia, Singapore) IPA^(key): /i?f?kt/
• Rhymes: -?kt
• Hyphenation: ef?fect

Noun

effect (countable and uncountable, plural effects)

1. The result or outcome of a cause.

2. Impression left on the mind; sensation produced.
   • October 1832, unknown author, The Tears of Parents (in The Christian Observer Volume 32

     patchwork […] introduced for oratorical effect

   • 1832, Washington Irving, Tales of the Alhambra

     The effect was heightened by the wild and lonely nature of the place.

3. Execution; performance; realization; operation.
   1. (uncountable) The state of being binding and enforceable, as in a rule, policy, or law.

4. (cinematography) An illusion produced by technical means (as in "special effect")

5. (sound engineering) An alteration, or device for producing an alteration, in sound after it has been produced by an instrument.

6. (physics, psychology, etc.) A scientific phenomenon, usually named after its discoverer.

7. (usually in the plural) Belongings, usually as personal effects.
8. Consequence intended; purpose; meaning; general intent; with to.

   • They spake to her to that effect.

9. (obsolete) Reality; actual meaning; fact, as distinguished from mere appearance.
   • 1642, John Denham, Cooper's Hill

     no other in effect than what it seems

10. (obsolete) Manifestation; expression; sign.

Usage notes

Do not confuse with affect.

Adjectives often applied to "effect":

• biological, chemical, cultural, economic, legal, mental, moral, nutritional, personal, physical, physiological, political and social
• actual, bad, beneficial, catastrophic, deleterious, disastrous, devastating, fatal, good, harmful, important, intended, likely, natural, negative, positive, potential, primary, real, secondary, significant, special, strong, undesirable and weak

Hyponyms

Derived terms

• after-effect

Related terms

• in effect
• take effect
• personal effects

Translations

References

Verb

effect (third-person singular simple present effects, present participle effecting, simple past and past participle effected)

1. (transitive) To make or bring about; to implement.

2. Misspelling of affect.

Usage notes

Effect is often confused with affect. The latter suggests influence over existing ideas, emotions and entities; the former indicates the manifestation of new or original ideas or entities:

• “New governing coalitions have effected major changes” indicates that major changes were made as a result of new governing coalitions.
• “New governing coalitions have affected major changes” indicates that before new governing coalitions, major changes were in place, and that the new governing coalitions had some influence over those existing changes.

Related terms

Translations

Further reading

• effect in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• effect in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch effect, from Latin effectus. The sense ‘(equitable) security’ borrowed from German Effekt or French effet.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??f?kt/
• Hyphenation: ef?fect
• Rhymes: -?kt

Noun

effect n (plural effecten, diminutive effectje n)

1. effect
2. (finance, usually in the plural) security

   Hypernym: waardepapier

3. (ball games) spin (rotation of a ball)
4. (obsolete) personal effect, belonging

Compounds

• broeikaseffect
• domino-effect
• effectbal
• effectenbeurs
• sneeuwbaleffect

Derived terms

• effectief

Descendants

• Afrikaans: effek
• ? Indonesian: efek

References

Middle French

Alternative forms

• effaict

Etymology

From Old French effect

Noun

effect m (plural effects)

1. effect

Descendants

• French: effet

Old French

Etymology

From Latin effectus

Noun

effect m (oblique plural effecz or effectz, nominative singular effecz or effectz, nominative plural effect)

1. effect
2. (law) judgment; decree
   • punir les contrevenantz solonc l’effect des estatut

     Punish the offender according to the decree of the statute

Descendants

• ? English: effect
• French: effet