different between strain vs grade
strain
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /st?e??n/
- Rhymes: -e?n
Etymology 1
From Middle English streen, strene, streon, istreon (“race, stock, generation”), from Old English str?on, ?estr?on (“gain, wealth”), from Proto-Germanic *streun? (“heap, treasure, profit, gain”), from Proto-Indo-European *strew- (“to spread, strew”) (cognate with Old Saxon gistriuni, Old High German gistriuni (“gain, property, wealth, business”), Latin strues (“heap”)). Confused in Middle English with the related noun strend, strynd, strund, from Old English str?nd (“race; stock”), from str?onan, str?nan (“to beget; acquire”). Related also to Dutch struinen (“to prowl, root about, rout”).
Noun
strain (plural strains)
- (archaic) Race; lineage, pedigree.
- (biology) A particular variety of a microbe, virus, or other organism, usually a taxonomically infraspecific one.
- (figuratively) Hereditary character, quality, tendency, or disposition.
- Synonyms: propensity, proneness
- a. 1694, John Tillotson, The Advantages of Religion to Societies
- Intemperance and lust breed diseases, which being propogated, spoil the strain of a nation.
- (music, poetry) Any sustained note or movement; a song; a distinct portion of an ode or other poem; also, the pervading note, or burden, of a song, poem, etc.
- Synonyms: theme, motive, manner, style
- Language that is eloquent, poetic, or otherwise heightened.
- (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)
- (rare) A kind or sort (of person etc.).
- (obsolete) Treasure.
- (obsolete) The blood-vessel in the yolk of an egg.
Translations
Related terms
- strew
Etymology 2
From Middle English straynen, streinen, streynen, from Old French estreindre (whence French étreindre (“to grip”)), from Latin stringere (“to draw tight together, to tie”).
Verb
strain (third-person singular simple present strains, present participle straining, simple past and past participle strained)
- (obsolete) To hold tightly, to clasp.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.ii:
- So hauing said, her twixt her armes twaine / She straightly straynd, and colled tenderly [...].
- Evander with a close embrace / Strained his departing friend.
- 1859, Ferna Vale, Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds
- "Farewell!"—the mother strained her child to her heart again, and again put her from her, to embrace her more closely.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.ii:
- To apply a force or forces to by stretching out.
- to strain a rope; to strain the shrouds of a ship
- Relations between the United States and Guatemala traditionally have been close, although at times strained by human rights and civil/military issues.
- To damage by drawing, stretching, or the exertion of force.
- The gale strained the timbers of the ship.
- To act upon, in any way, so as to cause change of form or volume, as when bending a beam.
- To exert or struggle (to do something), especially to stretch (one's senses, faculties etc.) beyond what is normal or comfortable.
- Sitting in back, I strained to hear the speaker.
- They strain their warbling throats / To welcome in the spring.
- 1898, J. Meade Falkner, Moonfleet Chapter 4
- Thus my plight was evil indeed, for I had nothing now to burn to give me light, and knew that 'twas no use setting to grout till I could see to go about it. Moreover, the darkness was of that black kind that is never found beneath the open sky, no, not even on the darkest night, but lurks in close and covered places and strains the eyes in trying to see into it.
- To stretch beyond its proper limit; to do violence to, in terms of intent or meaning.
- to strain the law in order to convict an accused person
- 1724, Jonathan Swift, Drapier's Letters, 4
- There can be no other meaning in this expression, however some may pretend to strain it.
- (transitive) To separate solid from liquid by passing through a strainer or colander
- (intransitive) To percolate; to be filtered.
- water straining through a sandy soil
- To make uneasy or unnatural; to produce with apparent effort; to force; to constrain.
- 1641, John Denham, The Sophy
- [He] Still talks and plays with Fatima, but his mirth / Is forc'd and strained.
- 1641, John Denham, The Sophy
- To urge with importunity; to press.
- to strain a petition or invitation
- (transitive) hug somebody; to hold somebody tightly.
Derived terms
- strain every nerve
Translations
Noun
strain (countable and uncountable, plural strains)
- The act of straining, or the state of being strained.
- 1832, Charles Stewart Drewry (A.M.I.C.E.), A memoir on suspension bridges, page 183:
- If the Menai Bridge, for instance, were loaded at that rate, the entire strain on the main chains would be about 2000 tons ; while the chains containing 260 square inches of iron would bear, at 9 tons per square inch, 2340 tons, without stretching ...
- 2004, Sanjay Shrivastava, Medical Device Materials: Proceedings from the Materials & Processes for Medical Devices Conference 2003, 8-10 September 2003, Anaheim, California, ASM International (?ISBN), page 176:
- Therefore, the goal of this study is to assess the influence of strain on the corrosion resistance of passivated Nitinol and stainless steel implant materials. Materials and Methods Nitinol (50.8%at. Ni) wire (NDC, Fremont, CA) and 316L stainless ...
- 1832, Charles Stewart Drewry (A.M.I.C.E.), A memoir on suspension bridges, page 183:
- A violent effort; an excessive and hurtful exertion or tension, as of the muscles.
- An injury resulting from violent effort; a sprain.
- (uncountable, engineering) A dimensionless measure of object deformation either referring to engineering strain or true strain.
- (obsolete) The track of a deer.
- 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, p. 145:
- When they have shot a Deere by land, they follow him like bloud-hounds by the bloud, and straine, and oftentimes so take them.
- 1624, John Smith, Generall Historie, in Kupperman 1988, p. 145:
Derived terms
- breaking strain
Translations
Related terms
- stress
- strict
- stringent
Etymology 3
From Middle English strenen (“to beget, father, procreate”), from Old English str?onan, str?enan, str?nan (“to beget, generate, gain, acquire”), from Proto-Germanic *striunijan? (“to furnish, decorate, acquire”).
Verb
strain (third-person singular simple present strains, present participle straining, simple past and past participle strained)
- (obsolete) To beget, generate (of light), engender, copulate (both of animals and humans), lie with, be born, come into the world.
Anagrams
- Sartin, Tarins, Trains, atrins, instar, santir, sartin, starin', tairns, tarins, trains
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grade
English
Etymology
Borrowed from French grade (“a grade, degree”), from Latin gradus (“a step, pace, a step in a ladder or stair, a station, position, degree”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?rad?-, *g?red?- (“to walk, go”). Cognate with Gothic ???????????????????? (griþs, “step, grade”), Bavarian Gritt (“step, stride”), Lithuanian grìdiju (“to go, wander”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??e?d/
- Homophones: grayed, greyed
- Rhymes: -e?d
Noun
grade (plural grades)
- A rating.
- This fine-grade coin from 1837 is worth a good amount.
- (chiefly Canada, US) Performance on a test or other evaluation(s), expressed by a number, letter, or other symbol; a score.
- Synonym: mark
- A degree or level of something; a position within a scale; a degree of quality.
- There are a lot of varieties of diatomaceous earth, so when you are shopping, be sure to get the right stuff!
Make sure that you get food grade diatomaceous earth. Some people make 3% of the food they eat be diatomaceous earth.
- There are a lot of varieties of diatomaceous earth, so when you are shopping, be sure to get the right stuff!
- (linguistics) degree (Any of the three stages (positive, comparative, superlative) in the comparison of an adjective or an adverb.)
- A slope (up or down) of a roadway or other passage
- (Canada, US, education) A level of primary and secondary education.
- (Canada, education) A student of a particular grade (used with the grade level).
- An area that has been flattened by a grader (construction machine).
- The level of the ground.
- (mathematics) A gradian.
- (geometry) In a linear system of divisors on an n-dimensional variety, the number of free intersection points of n generic divisors.
- A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.
- (systematics) A taxon united by a level of morphological or physiological complexity that is not a clade.
- (medicine) The degree of malignity of a tumor expressed on a scale.
Synonyms
- (taxon that is not a clade): paraphyletic group
Related terms
- e-grade
- gradient
- o-grade
- zero-grade
Descendants
- ? Japanese: ???? (gur?do)
Translations
Verb
grade (third-person singular simple present grades, present participle grading, simple past and past participle graded)
- (chiefly Canada, US) To assign scores to the components of an academic test.
- (chiefly Canada, US) To assign a score to overall academic performance.
- To organize in grades.
- To flatten, level, or smooth a large surface.
- (sewing) To remove or trim part of a seam allowance from a finished seam so as to reduce bulk and make the finished piece more even when turned right side out.
- (research) To apply labels to data (typically by a manual rather than automatic process).
- (intransitive) To pass imperceptibly from one grade into another.
- 1924, EM Forster, A Passage to India, Penguin 2005, p. 34:
- And there were circles even beyond these – […] humanity grading and drifting beyond the educated vision, until no earthly invitation can embrace it.
- 1924, EM Forster, A Passage to India, Penguin 2005, p. 34:
Translations
Derived terms
Anagrams
- Adger, Degar, EDGAR, Edgar, Gerda, garde, radge, raged
Afrikaans
Noun
grade
- plural of graad
Esperanto
Etymology
grado +? -e
Adverb
grade
- gradually
Synonyms
- malabrupte
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin gradus. Compare degré.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??ad/
- Rhymes: -ad
- Homophone: grades
Noun
grade m (plural grades)
- rank
- (geometry) gradian
Synonyms
- degré
- rang
Derived terms
- en prendre pour son grade
- monter en grade
Related terms
- gradation
- grader
Descendants
- ? English: grade
- ? Romanian: grad
Further reading
- “grade” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Galician
Etymology
13th century. From Old Galician and Old Portuguese grade (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cratis, cratem (“wickerwork”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /???aðe?/
Noun
grade f (plural grades)
- (archaic) cage
- grate (metal grille)
- harrow (device dragged across ploughed land to smooth the soil)
- 1474, Antonio López Ferreiro (ed.), Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática. Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 74:
- Iten, preçaron duas grades e hun chedeiro e dous temoos de cerna, a parte dos menores em quorenta :XL -? maravedis
- Item, they appraised two harrows, a cart's bed and two shafts of heartwood, the part corresponding to the kids, 40 coins
- Iten, preçaron duas grades e hun chedeiro e dous temoos de cerna, a parte dos menores em quorenta :XL -? maravedis
- 1474, Antonio López Ferreiro (ed.), Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática. Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 74:
- any similarly formed frame or structure
- common starfish (Asterias rubens)
- Synonyms: estrela do mar, rapacricas
- Ursa Major
- Synonyms: Carro, Osa Maior
Derived terms
- gradar
References
- “grade” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
- “grade” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
- “grade” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
- “grade” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “grade” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese grade, from Latin cratis, cratem, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *krtis.
Pronunciation
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /???a.ð?/
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /???a.d?i/
- Hyphenation: gra?de
Noun
grade f (plural grades)
- grate (metal grille)
- a light fence
- harrow (device dragged across ploughed land to smooth the soil)
- grid
Verb
grade
- first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of gradar
- third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of gradar
- third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of gradar
- third-person singular (você) negative imperative of gradar
Romanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [??rade]
Noun
grade n
- indefinite plural of grad
Serbo-Croatian
Noun
grade (Cyrillic spelling ?????)
- vocative singular of grad
Spanish
Verb
grade
- Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of gradar.
- First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of gradar.
- Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of gradar.
- Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present subjunctive form of gradar.
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