different between stock vs nativity

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) enPR: st?k, IPA^(key): /st?k/
• (US) enPR: stäk, IPA^(key): /st?k/
• Rhymes: -?k
• Homophone: stalk (in accents with the cot-caught merger)

Etymology 1

From Old English stocc, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“tree-trunk”), with modern senses mostly referring either to the trunk from which the tree grows (figuratively, its origin and/or support/foundation), or to a piece of wood, stick, or rod. The senses of "supply" and "raw material" arose from a probable conflation with steck (“an item of goods, merchandise”) or the use of split tally sticks consisting of foil or counterfoil and stock to capture paid taxes, debts or exchanges. Doublet of chock.

Noun

stock (countable and uncountable, plural stocks or (obsolete) stocken)

1. A store or supply.
   1. (operations) A store of goods ready for sale; inventory.

   2. A supply of anything ready for use.

   3. Railroad rolling stock.
   4. (card games, in a card game) A stack of undealt cards made available to the players.
   5. Farm or ranch animals; livestock.
   6. The population of a given type of animal (especially fish) available to be captured from the wild for economic use.
2. (finance) The capital raised by a company through the issue of shares. The total of shares held by an individual shareholder.
   1. The price or value of the stock for a company on the stock market.

   2. (figuratively) The measure of how highly a person or institution is valued.

   3. Any of several types of security that are similar to a stock, or marketed like one.
3. The raw material from which things are made; feedstock.
   1. (cooking, uncountable, countable) Broth made from meat (originally bones) or vegetables, used as a basis for stew or soup.
   2. The type of paper used in printing.

   3. Ellipsis of film stock
   4. Plain soap before it is coloured and perfumed.
4. Stock theater, summer stock theater.
5. The trunk and woody main stems of a tree. The base from which something grows or branches.
   1. (horticulture) The plant upon which the scion is grafted.
   2. lineage, family, ancestry.
      1. (linguistics) A larger grouping of language families: a superfamily or macrofamily.
6. Any of the several species of cruciferous flowers in the genus Matthiola.
7. A handle or stem to which the working part of an implement or weapon is attached.
   1. (firearms) The part of a rifle or shotgun that rests against the shooter's shoulder.
   2. The handle of a whip, fishing rod, etc.
8. Part of a machine that supports items or holds them in place.
   1. The headstock of a lathe, drill, etc.
   2. The tailstock of a lathe.
9. A bar, stick or rod.
   1. A ski pole.
   2. (nautical) A bar going through an anchor, perpendicular to the flukes.
   3. (nautical) The axle attached to the rudder, which transfers the movement of the helm to the rudder.
   4. (geology) A pipe (vertical cylinder of ore)
10. A type of (now formal or official) neckwear.
    1. A necktie or cravat, particularly a wide necktie popular in the eighteenth century, often seen today as a part of formal wear for horse riding competitions.
    2. A piece of black cloth worn under a clerical collar.
11. A bed for infants; a crib, cot, or cradle
12. (folklore) A piece of wood magically made to be just like a real baby and substituted for it by magical beings.
13. (obsolete) A cover for the legs; a stocking.
14. A block of wood; something fixed and solid; a pillar; a firm support; a post.
    • 1655, Thomas Fuller, The History of Waltham Abbey

      Item, for a stock of brass for the holy water, seven shillings; which, by the canon, must be of marble or metal, and in no case of brick.

15. (by extension, obsolete) A person who is as dull and lifeless as a stock or post; one who has little sense.
16. (Britain, historical) The longest part of a split tally stick formerly struck in the exchequer, which was delivered to the person who had lent the king money on account, as the evidence of indebtedness.
17. (shipbuilding, in the plural) The frame or timbers on which a ship rests during construction.
18. (Britain, in the plural) Red and grey bricks, used for the exterior of walls and the front of buildings.
19. (biology) In tectology, an aggregate or colony of individuals, such as trees, chains of salpae, etc.
20. The beater of a fulling mill.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)

Synonyms

• (farm or ranch animals): livestock
• (railroad equipment): rolling stock
• (raw material): feedstock
• (paper for printing): card stock
• (plant used in grafting): rootstock, understock
• (axle attached to rudder): rudder stock
• (wide necktie): stock-tie

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

stock (third-person singular simple present stocks, present participle stocking, simple past and past participle stocked)

1. To have on hand for sale.

2. To provide with material requisites; to store; to fill; to supply.

3. To allow (cows) to retain milk for twenty-four hours or more prior to sale.
4. To put in the stocks as punishment.
5. (nautical) To fit (an anchor) with a stock, or to fasten the stock firmly in place.
6. (card games, dated) To arrange cards in a certain manner for cheating purposes; to stack the deck.

Translations

Adjective

stock (not comparable)

1. Of a type normally available for purchase/in stock.

   stock items

   stock sizes

2. (racing, of a race car) Having the same configuration as cars sold to the non-racing public, or having been modified from such a car.
3. Straightforward, ordinary, just another, very basic.

   That band is quite stock

   He gave me a stock answer

Translations

See also

• DJIA
• foodstock

Etymology 2

From Italian stoccata.

Noun

stock (plural stocks)

1. A thrust with a rapier; a stoccado.

Anagrams

• 'tocks, tocks

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English stock.

Pronunciation

Noun

stock m (plural stocks, diminutive stockje n)

1. stock, goods in supply
2. basic capital
3. shares (equity)

Derived terms

• stockdividend n

References

• M. J. Koenen & J. Endepols, Verklarend Handwoordenboek der Nederlandse Taal (tevens Vreemde-woordentolk), Groningen, Wolters-Noordhoff, 1969 (26th edition) [Dutch dictionary in Dutch]

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English stock.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?k/

Noun

stock m (plural stocks)

1. stock, goods in supply
2. stock, a reserve (generally)
3. Supply of (wild) fish available for commerce, stock

Derived terms

• stocker
• stockage

Further reading

• “stock” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from English stock.

Noun

stock

1. stock, goods in supply, inventory

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English stock.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /es?to?/, [es?t?o??]

Noun

stock m (plural stocks)

1. stock, inventory

Further reading

• “stock” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish stokker, from Old Norse stokkr, from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz (“tree-trunk”).

Noun

stock c

1. a log (trunk of a dead tree)
2. a stock (of a gun)
3. a pack of snus, usually ten, wrapped in plastic film or packed in a light cardboard box

   Synonyms: rulle, limpa

Declension

Related terms

• ekstock
• stocka
• stockeld
• Stockholm
• stockning
• timmerstock

See also

• balk
• bjälke
• flottning
• stam
• stuga
• timmer
• virke

English

Etymology

From Middle English nativite, from Anglo-Norman nativite, Middle French nativite, and their source, Latin n?t?vit?s (“birth”). See also naïveté.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n??t?v?ti/, /ne??t?v?ti/
• Rhymes: -?v?ti

Noun

nativity (countable and uncountable, plural nativities)

1. (now dated) Someone's birth; the place, time and circumstances of a birth. [from 14th c.]
   • 1483, William Caxton, Prologue to The Golden Legend, The Holbein Society’s Fac-simile Reprints, London: The Holbein Society, 1878,^[1]

     […] me semeth to be a souerayn wele to Incyte & exhorte men & wymmen to kepe them from slouthe & ydlenesse & to lete to be vnderstonden to suche peple as been not lettered the natyuytees, lyues, the passyons, the myracles and the dethe of the holy saynts […]

   • c. 1589, William Shakespeare, The Comedy of Errors, Act IV, Scene 4,^[2]

     I have served him from the hour of my nativity to this instant, and have nothing at his hands for my service but blows.

   • 1611, King James Version or the Bible, Ezekiel 16:4,^[3]

     And as for thy nativity, in the day thou wast born thy navel was not cut, neither wast thou washed in water to supple thee; thou wast not salted at all, nor swaddled at all.

   • 1759, Samuel Johnson, The Prince of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia, London: T. Johnstone, W. Taylor & J. Davies, 1790, Volume I, Chapter 22, p. 153,^[4]

     The way to be happy is to live according to nature, in obedience to that universal and unalterable law with which every heart is originally impressed; which is not written on it by precept, but engraven by destiny; not instilled by education, but infused at our nativity.

   • 1922, Eric Rücker Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros, Chapter 1,^[5]

     Now when the greetings were done and the strains of the lutes and recorders sighed and lost themselves in the shadowy vault of the roof, the cup-bearers did fill great gems made in form of cups with ancient wine, and the Demons caroused to Lord Juss deep draughts in honour of this day of his nativity.

2. (astrology) Someone's birth considered as a means of astrology; a horoscope associated with a person's birth. [from 14th c.]
   • 1616, Christopher Marlowe, Doctor Faustus, Scene 19, edited by Israel Gollancz, London: J.M. Dent, 1897, p. 92,^[6]

     You stars that reign’d at my nativity,

     Whose influence hath allotted death and hell,

     Now draw up Faustus, like a foggy mist,

     Into the entrails of yon lab’ring clouds,

     That, when you vomit forth into the air,

     My limbs may issue from your smoky mouths,

     So that my soul may but ascend to heaven!

   • 1722, Daniel Defoe, A Journal of the Plague Year, London: E. Nutt, J. Roberts, A. Dodd & J. Graves, p. 32,^[7]

     One Mischief always introduces another: These Terrors and Apprehensions of the People, led them into a Thousand weak, foolish, and wicked Things, which, they wanted not a Sort of People really wicked, to encourage them to; and this was running about to Fortune tellers, Cunning men, and Astrologers, to know their Fortune, or, as ’tis vulgarly express’d, to have their Fortunes told them, their Nativities calculated, and the like […]

   • 1792, Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Chapter 13, Section 1,^[8]

     In this metropolis a number of lurking leeches infamously gain a subsistence by practising on the credulity of women, pretending to cast nativities, to use the technical phrase; and many females who, proud of their rank and fortune, look down on the vulgar with sovereign contempt, show by this credulity, that the distinction is arbitrary, and that they have not sufficiently cultivated their minds to rise above vulgar prejudices.

   • 1815, Walter Scott, Guy Mannering or The Astrologer, Volume I, Chapter 3,^[9]

     […] ‘my good old tutor […] instilled into me enough of knowledge for erecting a scheme of nativity, and therefore will I presently go about it.’

   • 1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society 2012, p. 313:

     Accordingly […] he was careful, as befitted a Fellow of the Royal Society, to note the exact nativity of his subjects whenever it could be discovered; in this way he hoped to make possible a scientific comparison of the course of human life with the astrological circumstances of its inception, and thus to arrive at a more exact astrology.

3. (also with capital initial) The birth of Jesus. [from 14th c.]
   • 1627, Francis Bacon, New Atlantis,^[10]

     […] towards the end of dinner […] there is an hymn sung, varied according to the invention of him that composeth it […] but the subject of it is (always) the praises of Adam and Noah and Abraham; whereof the former two peopled the world, and the last was the Father of the Faithful: concluding ever with a thanksgiving for the nativity of our Saviour, in whose birth the births of all are only blessed.

   • 1669, John Davenport, God’s Call to His People,^[11]

     Now we nowhere find warrant in Scripture for setting apart the day of Christ’s Nativity from common use to religious holy use.

4. (Christianity, also with capital initial) The festival celebrating the birth of Jesus, Christmas Day; the festival celebrating the birth of the Virgin Mary or the birth of Saint John the Baptist. [from 12th c.]
   • 1559, “An Act for the uniformity of Common Prayer, and Service in the Church, and the administration of the Sacraments,” in William Keatinge Clay (ed.), Liturgical Services: Liturgies and occasional forms of prayer set forth in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, Cambridge University Press, 1847, p. 27,^[12]

     Be it therefore enacted by the authority of this present parliament, that the said statute of repeal, and every thing therein contained […] shall be void and of none effect, from, and after the feast of the Nativity of S. John Baptist, next coming.

   • 1624, will of Edmond Heywood of the parish of Christchurch London, cited in Katharine Lee Bates, “A Conjecture as to Thomas Heywood’s Family,” The Journal of English and German Philology, Volume 12, 1913, p. 96,^[13]

     Alsoe I give to the poore of the parish of Christchurch The some of Sixe poundes to be disposed of in this sorte that is to saie, three poundes thereof in Bread on the daie of my funeralle and the other three poundes in bread alsoe on the feast of the Nativitie of our lord then next followinge […]

   • 1835, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “Martin Franc and the Monk of St. Anthony,” Outre-Mer: A Pilgrimage Beyond the Sea, New York: Harper & Bros., Volume I, pp. 33-34,^[14]

     Occasionally, too, he ventured to bring her some ghostly present—such as a picture of the Madonna and child, or one of those little naked images which are hawked about the streets at the nativity.

   • 1894, Henry van Dyke, The Christ-Child in Art: A Study of Interpretation, New York: Harper & Brothers, p. 61,^[15]

     The earliest mention of the 25th of December as Christmas Day is found in an ancient catalogue of Church festivals about A.D. 354. And it is surprising to see with what alacrity the date was received and the Nativity celebrated throughout Christendom.

   • 1956, John A. Lamb, The Kalendar of The Book of Common Order, 1564-1644, p. 19,^[16]

     The edition of 1564 contains 23 festival days, the following being a list in Kalendar order. […] 24 June—Nativity of John Baptist; […] 8 Sept.—Nativity of Mary […]

5. (also with capital initial) A set of figurines used to create a nativity scene.
6. (figuratively) Origin; founding.
   • 1754, David Hume, Essays and Treatises on Several Subjects, London: A. Millar, 3rd edition, Volume 4, Discourse 11, “Of the Protestant Succession,” p. 247,^[17]

     […] ’tis justly to be apprehended, that persecutions will put a speedy period to the Protestant religion in the place of its nativity.

   • 1881, Robert Louis Stevenson, “Swiss Notes, 4. Stimulation of the Alps” in Essays and Criticisms, Boston: H.B. Turner, 1903, p. 264,^[18]

     There is a certain wine of France known in England in some gaseous disguise, but when drunk in the land of its nativity still as a pool, clean as river water, and as heady as verse.

7. Place of origin; place to which a species is native.
   • 1887, A. L. Slosson, “Personal Observations upon the Flora of Kansas,” Transactions of the Annual Meetings of the Kansas Academy of Science, Volume 11, p. 21,^[19]

     For a long time I believed the common yarrow to be introduced, as the country had been settled at least ten years before I saw it, but my belief in that is shaken, as I never sent for flowers by friends, when they went to an unknown region, but they inevitably brought yarrow. I have had it sent from Texas, Utah, Pike’s Peak and Long’s Peak, Colorado, and at last from the Alps and Germany; so its nativity is very uncertain.

   • 1900, Arthur Hewitt, “The Nickerson Collection at the Art Institute, Chicago,” in Brush and Pencil, Volume 7, p. 61,^[20]

     The specimens of crystals and other hard stones, which were worked both in India and China, the style determining their nativity, are equally choice.

8. The quality of being native or innate.
   • 1849, Hewett Cottrell Watson, Cybele Britannica, or British Plants and their Geographical Relations, London: Longman, Volume 2, p. 166,^[]

     Much difference of opinion has prevailed with reference to the genuine nativity of this species [Vinca minor] in Britain.

   • 1903, James H. Hyslop, “Binocular Vision and the Problem of Knowledge,” American Journal of Psychology, Volume 14, p. 312,^[21]

     The most important fact to note in Berkeley’s position is his argument to exclude the nativity of the visual perception of the third dimension.

Derived terms

• nativity play
• nativity scene

Related terms

• natal
• natality
• native

Translations

See also

• calvary