different between stifle vs querk
stifle
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?sta?fl?/
- (General American) IPA(key): /?sta?f(?)l/
- Rhymes: -a?f?l
- Hyphenation: stif?le
Etymology 1
The verb is derived from Late Middle English stuflen (“to have difficulty breathing due to heat, stifle; to suffocate by drowning, drown”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain, perhaps from stuffen (“to kill by suffocation; to stifle from heat; to extinguish, suppress (body heat, breath, humour, etc.); to deprive a plant of the conditions necessary for growth, choke”) + -el- (derivational infix in verbs, often denoting diminutive, intensive, or repetitive actions or events). Stuffen is derived from Old French estofer, estouffer (“to choke, strangle, suffocate; (figuratively) to inhibit, prevent”) [and other forms] (modern French étouffer), a variant of estoper, estuper (“to block, plug, stop up; to stiffen, thicken”) (modern French étouper (“to caulk”)), influenced by estofer (“to pad, stuff; to upholster”) (modern French étoffer). Estoper is derived from Vulgar Latin *stupp?re, from Latin stuppa (“coarse flax, tow”) (as a stuffing material; from Ancient Greek ????? (stúp?), ?????? (stúpp?) (compare ????????? (stuppeîon)); probably from Pre-Greek) + -?re. According to the Oxford English Dictionary a derivation from Old Norse stífla (“to dam; to choke, stop up”) “appears untenable on the ground both of form and sense”.
The noun is derived from the verb.
Verb
stifle (third-person singular simple present stifles, present participle stifling, simple past and past participle stifled)
- (transitive, also figuratively) To make (an animal or person) unconscious or cause (an animal or person) death by preventing breathing; to smother, to suffocate.
- 1708, Jonathan Swift, Accomplishment of the First Prediction
- I took my leave, being half stifled with the closeness of the room.
- 1708, Jonathan Swift, Accomplishment of the First Prediction
- (transitive, hyperbolic) To cause (someone) difficulty in breathing, or a choking or gagging feeling.
- (transitive, also figuratively) To prevent (a breath, cough, or cry, or the voice, etc.) from being released from the throat.
- (transitive) To make (something) unable to be heard by blocking it with some medium.
- (transitive, figuratively)
- (transitive) To keep in, hold back, or repress (something).
- Synonyms: hinder, restrain, smother, suppress, throttle
- 1723, Daniel Waterland, A Second Vindication of Christ's Divinity
- I desire only to have things fairly represented as they really are; no evidence smothered or stifled.
- (transitive) To prevent (something) from being revealed; to conceal, to hide, to suppress.
- (transitive) To keep in, hold back, or repress (something).
- (transitive, agriculture (sericulture)) To treat (a silkworm cocoon) with steam as part of the process of silk production.
- (intransitive) To die of suffocation.
- (intransitive, hyperbolic) To feel smothered; to find it difficult to breathe.
Conjugation
Alternative forms
- stifil (obsolete, 16th c.)
Derived terms
Translations
See also
- Thesaurus:die
Noun
stifle (plural stifles)
- (rare) An act or state of being stifled.
Translations
Etymology 2
The noun is derived from Middle English stifle (“joint between the femur and tibia of a quadruped”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain, probably derived from Anglo-Norman estive (“leg”), and Old French estive (“leg”) (compare Old French estival (“boot, shoe”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Noun
stifle (plural stifles)
- (zootomy) The joint between the femur and tibia in the hind leg of various four-legged mammals, especially horses, corresponding to the knee in humans.
- Synonym: stifle joint
- (veterinary medicine) A bone disease of this region.
Derived terms
- stifle bone
- stifle joint
Translations
Verb
stifle (third-person singular simple present stifles, present participle stifling, simple past and past participle stifled)
- (transitive) To cause (a dog, horse, or other four-legged mammal) to dislocate or sprain its stifle joint.
Derived terms
- stifling (noun)
Translations
Notes
References
Further reading
- asphyxia on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- stifle joint on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “stifle”, in Online Etymology Dictionary
Anagrams
- filets, fistle, fliest, flites, itself
stifle From the web:
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querk
English
Etymology
From Middle English querken (also as querkenen), from Old Norse kvirkja (“to strangle”), from Proto-Germanic *kwirkijan?, from Proto-Germanic *kwerk? (“gullet, throat”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?erg?-, *g?erk?-, *g?erw- (“throat, neck”). Cognate with Old Frisian querka ("to strangle"; > North Frisian querke, quirke (“to querk”)), Danish kværke (“to throttle, strangle, suffocate”), Icelandic kyrkja, kvirkja (“to throttle, strangle”), Middle Low German querken (“to strangle”), Middle Low German querke, quarke (“throat, gullet”), Old High German querka, querkela (“throat, gullet”), Latin gurguli? (“throat”). More at gurgle.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /kw??k/
- Rhymes: -??(r)k
- Homophone: quirk
Verb
querk (third-person singular simple present querks, present participle querking, simple past and past participle querked)
- (transitive) To throttle; choke; stifle; suffocate.
- (intransitive) To grunt; moan.
Related terms
- querken
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