different between stern vs tart

English

Alternative forms

• sterne (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• (General American) enPR: stûrn, IPA^(key): /st?n/
• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: stûn, IPA^(key): /st??n/
• Rhymes: -??(?)n

Etymology 1

From Middle English stern, sterne, sturne, from Old English styrne (“stern, grave, strict, austere, hard, severe, cruel”), from Proto-Germanic *sturnijaz (“angry, astonished, shocked”), from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“rigid, stiff”). Cognate with Scots stern (“bold, courageous, fierce, resolute”), Old High German storn?n (“to be astonished”), Dutch stuurs (“glum, austere”), Swedish stursk (“insolent”).

Adjective

stern (comparative sterner, superlative sternest)

1. Having a hardness and severity of nature or manner.
   • stern as tutors, and as uncles hard
2. Grim and forbidding in appearance.
   • 1814, William Wordsworth, The Excursion

     these barren rocks, your stern inheritance

Translations

Etymology 2

Most likely from Old Norse stjórn (“control, steering”), related to stýra (“to steer”), from Proto-Germanic *stiurijan?, whence also English steer. Also possibly from Old Frisian stiarne (“rudder”), from the same Germanic root.

Noun

stern (plural sterns)

1. (nautical) The rear part or after end of a ship or vessel.
2. (figuratively) The post of management or direction.
3. The hinder part of anything.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Edmund Spenser to this entry?)

4. The tail of an animal; now used only of the tail of a dog.

Synonyms

• (of a ship): poop

Antonyms

• bow

Derived terms

• from stem to stern
• sternpost

Translations

See also

• keel
• aft

Etymology 3

From a variant of tern.

Noun

stern (plural sterns)

1. A bird, the black tern.

Translations

Anagrams

• 'rents, Ernst, Snert, nerts, rents, snert, terns

Dutch

Etymology

Possibly cognate with Latin sturnus (“starling”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?r/
• Rhymes: -?r

Noun

stern m (plural sterns or sternen, diminutive sterntje n)

1. tern

Middle English

Noun

stern

1. Alternative form of sterne

Mòcheno

Etymology

From Middle High German stërne, stërre, stërn, from Old High German sterno, from Proto-Germanic *stern?, from Proto-Indo-European *h?st?r (“star”). Cognate with German Stern, English star.

Noun

stern m

1. star

References

• Anthony R. Rowley, Liacht as de sproch: Grammatica della lingua mòchena Deutsch-Fersentalerisch, TEMI, 2003.

Piedmontese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?r?/

Noun

stern m

1. breastbone

English

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /t??t/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /t??t/
• Rhymes: -??(?)t

Etymology 1

From Middle English tart, from Old English teart (“sharp, rough, severe”), from Proto-Germanic *tartaz (“rough, sharp, tearing”), from Proto-Germanic *teran? (“to tear”), from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to flay, split, cleave”). Related to Dutch tarten (“to defy, challenge, mock”), German trotzen (“to defy, brave, mock”), German zart (“delicate, tender”), perhaps Albanian thartë (“sour, acid, sharp”).

Adjective

tart (comparative tarter, superlative tartest)

1. Sharp to the taste; acid; sour.

   I ate a very tart apple.

2. (of wine) high or too high in acidity.
3. (figuratively) Sharp; keen; severe.

   He gave me a very tart reply.

Synonyms

• (of wine: high in acidity): green

Derived terms

• tarten
• tartness

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English tart, tarte, from Old French tarte, tartre (“flat pastry”) (compare Medieval Latin tarta), of unknown origin. Perhaps an alteration of Old French torte, tourte, from Vulgar Latin *torta, from torta (“twisted”) panis (“bread”), from feminine of Latin tortus (“twisted, folded over”). Cognate to torta.

Noun

tart (plural tarts)

1. A type of small open pie, or piece of pastry, containing jelly or conserve; a sort of fruit pie.

Derived terms

• Bakewell tart
• egg tart
• pineapple tart
• treacle tart

Related terms

• tort
• torta
• torte
• torture

Translations

Etymology 3

From sweetheart or jam tart (“attractive woman”) by shortening

Noun

tart (plural tarts)

1. (Britain, slang) A prostitute.
2. (Britain, slang, derogatory) By extension, any woman with loose sexual morals.
   • 1950, Roy E. Blick (police inspector), testimony before the United States Congress:

     We know the majority of the places that these tarts will hang out at.

Synonyms

• (prostitute): See also Thesaurus:prostitute
• (prostitute): See also Thesaurus:promiscuous woman

Derived terms

• tartlet

Translations

Verb

tart (third-person singular simple present tarts, present participle tarting, simple past and past participle tarted)

1. To practice prostitution
2. To practice promiscuous sex
3. To dress garishly, ostentatiously, whorishly, or sluttily

Derived terms

• pop tart (slang)
• tart up

Anagrams

• Trat, attr

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -?rt

Verb

tart

1. first-, second- and third-person singular present indicative of tarten
2. imperative of tarten

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?t?rt]
• Rhymes: -?rt

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

tart

1. (transitive) to keep (many different senses overlapping with English, see examples)

   Synonyms: ?riz, meg?riz

2. (transitive) to hold

   Synonym: fog

3. (transitive) to support (keep in the same place, withstanding its weight)

   Synonyms: támaszt, megtámaszt

   Antonym: elenged (to let go)

4. (intransitive) to take up space or time, extend, to last (-tól/-t?l … -ig)

   Antonyms: végz?dik, véget ér (to end)

5. (intransitive) momentarily describing whether a process is still in progress, and if yes how far it has gone

6. (intransitive) to esteem, deem, regard, think highly or poorly of (with -ra/-re)
7. (intransitive) to head into a direction

   Synonym: megy

8. (intransitive) to fear (of someone or something -tól/-t?l)

   Synonym: fél
9. (intransitive, used with attól) to be afraid, to be regretful, to be sorry

   Synonym: sajnál

10. (mathematics) to converge, have limit at (-hoz/-hez/-höz or -ba/-be)

Conjugation

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

Etymology 2

tar (“bald”) +? -t (accusative suffix)

Adjective

tart

1. accusative singular of tar

Further reading

• tart in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish tart, from Proto-Celtic *tartus, from Proto-Indo-European *térstus, from *ters- (“dry”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t??a??t??/

Noun

tart m (genitive singular tarta)

1. thirst

Declension

Mutation

References

• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “tart”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• “tart” in Foclóir Gae?ilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, 2nd ed., 1927, by Patrick S. Dinneen.
• "tart" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English teart, from Proto-Germanic *tartaz.

Alternative forms

• (Early ME) teart
• tarte, terte

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tart/
• (dialectal) IPA^(key): /t??rt/

Adjective

tart (rare)

1. Sour, tart; having much acidity.
2. (Early Middle English) Acute, keen; showing sharpness.

Descendants

• English: tart, teart
• Scots: tairt

References

• “tart, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-12-25.

Etymology 2

Noun

tart

1. Alternative form of tarte

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse tartr. Doublet of tert.

Noun

tart m (definite singular tarten, indefinite plural tarter, definite plural tartene)

1. (zoology) a small salmon

   Synonym: svele

References

• “tart” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Anagrams

• ratt

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse tartr. Doublet of tert.

Noun

tart m (definite singular tarten, indefinite plural tartar, definite plural tartane)

1. (zoology) a small salmon

   Synonyms: silung, svelung, svele

References

• “tart” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• ratt

Old French

Adjective

tart m (oblique and nominative feminine singular tarde)

1. late (after the end of a given period)

Adverb

tart

1. late (after the end of a given period)

Related terms

• tarder

Descendants

• French: tard

Old Irish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *tartus, from Proto-Indo-European *térstus, from *ters- (“dry”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tar?t/

Noun

tart m (genitive tarta)

1. thirst

Inflection

Descendants

• Irish: tart

Mutation

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tar?d/

Verb

·tart

1. first-person singular present subjunctive perfective prototonic of do·beir

Mutation

References

• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “tart”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Norse

Noun

tart

1. accusative singular indefinite of tartr m

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tart/

Noun

tart

1. genitive plural of tarta