different between standard vs proof
standard
English
Etymology
From Middle English, from the Old French estandart (“gathering place, battle flag”), from Old Frankish *standhard (literally “stand firm, stand hard”), equivalent to stand +? -ard. Alternative etymology derives the second element from Old Frankish *ord (“point, spot, place”) (compare Old English ord (“point, source, vanguard”), German Standort (“location, place, site, position, base”, literally “standing-point”)). More at stand, hard, ord.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?stænd?d/
- (General American) IPA(key): /?stænd??d/, [?ste?nd?d]
- Hyphenation: stan?dard
Adjective
standard (comparative more standard, superlative most standard)
- Falling within an accepted range of size, amount, power, quality, etc.
- (of a tree or shrub) Growing alone as a free-standing plant; not trained on a post etc.
- 1863, Anthony Trollope, Rachel Ray:
- There are women who cannot grow alone as standard trees;—for whom the support and warmth of some wall, some paling, some post, is absolutely necessary […].
- 1863, Anthony Trollope, Rachel Ray:
- Having recognized excellence or authority.
- standard works in history; standard authors
- Of a usable or serviceable grade or quality.
- (not comparable, of a motor vehicle) Having a manual transmission.
- As normally supplied (not optional).
- (linguistics) Conforming to the standard variety.
Antonyms
- nonstandard, non-standard
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
Noun
standard (plural standards)
- A principle or example or measure used for comparison.
- A level of quality or attainment.
- Something used as a measure for comparative evaluations; a model.
- 1712, Jonathan Swift, A Proposal For Correcting, Improving, and Ascertaining the English Tongue
- the court, which used to be the standard of propriety and correctness of speech
- 1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France
- A disposition to preserve, and an ability to improve, taken together, would be my standard of a statesman.
- 1712, Jonathan Swift, A Proposal For Correcting, Improving, and Ascertaining the English Tongue
- A musical work of established popularity.
- A rule or set of rules or requirements which are widely agreed upon or imposed by government.
- The proportion of weights of fine metal and alloy established for coinage.
- 1727, John Arbuthnot, Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures. Explain'd and exemplify'd in several dissertations
- By the present standard of the coinage, sixty-two shillings is coined out of one pound weight of silver.
- 1727, John Arbuthnot, Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures. Explain'd and exemplify'd in several dissertations
- A bottle of wine containing 0.750 liters of fluid.
- (India) Grade level in primary education.
- A level of quality or attainment.
- A vertical pole with something at its apex.
- An object supported in an upright position, such as a lamp standard.
- The flag or ensign carried by a military unit.
- His armies, in the following day, / On those fair plains their standards proud display.
- One of the upright members that supports the horizontal axis of a transit or theodolite.
- Any upright support, such as one of the poles of a scaffold.
- A tree of natural size supported by its own stem, and not dwarfed by grafting on the stock of a smaller species nor trained upon a wall or trellis.
- The sheth of a plough.
- An object supported in an upright position, such as a lamp standard.
- A manual transmission vehicle.
- (botany) The upper petal or banner of a papilionaceous corolla.
- (shipbuilding) An inverted knee timber placed upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which lies horizontally.
- A large drinking cup.
- (sociolinguistics) standard idiom, a prestigious or standardized language variety; standard language
Hyponyms
Derived terms
Descendants
Translations
Interjection
standard
- (slang) An expression of agreement
References
Anagrams
- Randstad, sand dart
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?standart]
Noun
standard m
- standard
Related terms
See also
- norma
- m??ítko
Further reading
- standard in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
- standard in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
Etymology
From English standard.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?stan?dar?t/, [?sd?an?d????d?]
- Homophone: standart
Noun
standard c (singular definite standarden, plural indefinite standarder)
- standard
Inflection
French
Etymology
Borrowed from English standard.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /st??.da?/
Noun
standard m (plural standards)
- standard
- switchboard
Adjective
standard (feminine singular standarde, masculine plural standards, feminine plural standardes)
- standard
Usage notes
- Often treated as invariable (with the single form standard used for masculine and feminine, singular and plural), but dictionary accounts vary.
Synonyms
- normal
References
Further reading
- “standard” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Italian
Alternative forms
- standar (misspelling)
Etymology
Borrowed from English.
Adjective
standard (invariable)
- standard
Noun
standard m (invariable)
- standard
Related terms
- standardizzare
- standardizzazione
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old French estandart, via English standard
Adjective
standard (singular and plural standard, comparative mer standard, superlative mest standard)
- standard
Noun
standard m (definite singular standarden, indefinite plural standarder, definite plural standardene)
- a standard
Derived terms
- levestandard
References
- “standard” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “standard_1” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
- “standard_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old French estandart, via English standard
Adjective
standard (singular and plural standard, comparative meir standard, superlative mest standard)
- standard
Noun
standard m (definite singular standarden, indefinite plural standardar, definite plural standardane)
- a standard
Derived terms
- levestandard
References
- “standard” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
Etymology
From English standard, from Middle English, from Old French estandart (“gathering place, battle flag”), from Old Frankish *standhard (literally “stand firm, stand hard”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?stan.dart/
Noun
standard m inan
- standard
Declension
Derived terms
- (noun) standaryzacja
- (adjective) standardowy
Further reading
- standard in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
- standard in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
Etymology
From French standard.
Noun
standard n (plural standarde)
- standard
Declension
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /st?ndard/
- Hyphenation: stan?dard
Noun
stàndard m (Cyrillic spelling ?????????)
- standard
Declension
Swedish
Noun
standard c
- a standard, a norm
Declension
Related terms
- standardisera
See also
- standar
standard From the web:
- what standard time is california
- what standard time is texas
- what standard deviation
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- what standard time is arizona
- what standard time am i in
- what standard deviation means
- what standard time is florida
proof
English
Etymology
From Middle English proof, from Old French prove, from Late Latin proba (“a proof”), from Latin probare (“to prove”); see prove; compare also the doublet probe.
Pronunciation
- (UK, Canada) enPR: pro?of, IPA(key): /p?u?f/
- (US) enPR: pro?of, IPA(key): /p?uf/
- (General Australian, General New Zealand) enPR: pro?of, IPA(key): /p???f/
- Rhymes: -u?f
Noun
proof (countable and uncountable, plural proofs)
- (countable) An effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.
- 1591, Edmund Spenser, Prosopopoia: or, Mother Hubbard's Tale, later also published in William Michael Rossetti, Humorous Poems,
- But the false Fox most kindly played his part,
- For whatsoever mother-wit or art
- Could work he put in proof. No practice sly,
- No counterpoint of cunning policy,
- No reach, no breach, that might him profit bring.
- But he the same did to his purpose wring.
- c. 1633, John Ford, Love's Sacrifice, Act 1, Scene 1,
- France I more praise and love; you are, my lord,
- Yourself for horsemanship much famed; and there
- You shall have many proofs to shew your skill.
- 1831, Thomas Thomson, A System of Chemistry of Inorganic Bodies, Volume 2,
- A given quantity of the spirits was poured upon a quantity of gunpowder in a dish and set on fire. If at the end of the combustion, the gunpowder continued dry enough, it took fire and exploded; but if it had been wetted by the water in the spirits, the flame of the alcohol went out without setting the powder on fire. This was called the proof.
- 1591, Edmund Spenser, Prosopopoia: or, Mother Hubbard's Tale, later also published in William Michael Rossetti, Humorous Poems,
- (uncountable) The degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments which induce, or tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence; demonstration.
- c.1603, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Othello, The Moor of Venice,
- I'll have some proof.
- 1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, The Over-Soul in Essays: First Series,
- It was a grand sentence of Emanuel Swedenborg, which would alone indicate the greatness of that man's perception, — "It is no proof of a man's understanding to be able to confirm whatever he pleases; but to be able to discern that what is true is true, and that what is false is false, this is the mark and character of intelligence."
- 1990 October 16, Paul Simon, "Proof" in The Rhythm of the Saints, Warner Bros.,
- Faith, faith is an island in the setting sun
- But proof, yes
- Proof is the bottom line for everyone
- c.1603, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Othello, The Moor of Venice,
- The quality or state of having been proved or tried; firmness or hardness which resists impression, or does not yield to force; impenetrability of physical bodies.
- (obsolete) Experience of something.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.1:
- But the chaste damzell, that had never priefe / Of such malengine and fine forgerye, / Did easely beleeve her strong extremitye.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, III.1:
- (uncountable, obsolete) Firmness of mind; stability not to be shaken.
- (countable, printing) A proof sheet; a trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or examination.
- (numismatics) A limited-run high-quality strike of a particular coin, originally as a test run, although nowadays mostly for collectors' sets.
- (countable, logic, mathematics) A sequence of statements consisting of axioms, assumptions, statements already demonstrated in another proof, and statements that logically follow from previous statements in the sequence, and which concludes with a statement that is the object of the proof.
- (countable, mathematics) A process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed. Compare prove, transitive verb, 5.
- (obsolete) Armour of excellent or tried quality, and deemed impenetrable; properly, armour of proof.
- c.1606, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Macbeth,
- Till that Bellona's bridegroom, lapped in proof
- c.1606, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Macbeth,
- (US) A measure of the alcohol content of liquor. Originally, in Britain, 100 proof was defined as 57.1% by volume (no longer used). In the US, 100 proof means that the alcohol content is 50% of the total volume of the liquid; thus, absolute alcohol would be 200 proof.
Hyponyms
- artist's proof
- conditional proof
- printer's proof
- proof reader
- working proof
Derived terms
- burden of proof
- proof of concept
- prooflike
Related terms
- probe
- prove
Descendants
- ? Russian: ???? (pruf), ?????? (prúfy)
- ? Russian: ????????? (pruflínk, literally “proof + link”)
Translations
Adjective
proof (comparative more proof, superlative most proof)
- Used in proving or testing.
- Firm or successful in resisting.
- 1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1803, The Works of The Right Honourable Edmund Burke, Volume 5, page426,
- This was a good, ?tout proof article of faith, pronounced under an anathema, by the venerable fathers of this philo?ophick ?ynod.
- quoted in 1818, Christopher Kelly, History of the French Revolution and of the Wars produced by that Memorable Event
- The French cavalry, in proof armour, repeatedly charged our squares, their cannon opening chasms; but the British infantry, though greatly diminished, were inflexible and impenetrable to the last.
- 1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1803, The Works of The Right Honourable Edmund Burke, Volume 5, page426,
- (of alcoholic liquors) Being of a certain standard as to alcohol content.
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
proof (third-person singular simple present proofs, present participle proofing, simple past and past participle proofed)
- (transitive, intransitive, colloquial) To proofread.
- (transitive) To make resistant, especially to water.
- (transitive, firearms) To test-fire with a load considerably more powerful than the firearm in question's rated maximum chamber pressure, in order to establish the firearm's ability to withstand pressures well in excess of those expected in service without bursting.
- (transitive, cooking) To allow yeast-containing dough to rise.
- (transitive, cooking) To test the activeness of yeast.
Translations
Derived terms
- overproof
- proofing
- underproof
Further reading
- proof in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- proof in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
proof From the web:
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