different between standard vs pennon

English

Etymology

From Middle English, from the Old French estandart (“gathering place, battle flag”), from Old Frankish *standhard (literally “stand firm, stand hard”), equivalent to stand +? -ard. Alternative etymology derives the second element from Old Frankish *ord (“point, spot, place”) (compare Old English ord (“point, source, vanguard”), German Standort (“location, place, site, position, base”, literally “standing-point”)). More at stand, hard, ord.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?stænd?d/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?stænd??d/, [?ste?nd?d]
• Hyphenation: stan?dard

Adjective

standard (comparative more standard, superlative most standard)

1. Falling within an accepted range of size, amount, power, quality, etc.
2. (of a tree or shrub) Growing alone as a free-standing plant; not trained on a post etc.
   • 1863, Anthony Trollope, Rachel Ray:

     There are women who cannot grow alone as standard trees;—for whom the support and warmth of some wall, some paling, some post, is absolutely necessary […].

3. Having recognized excellence or authority.

   standard works in history; standard authors

4. Of a usable or serviceable grade or quality.
5. (not comparable, of a motor vehicle) Having a manual transmission.
6. As normally supplied (not optional).
7. (linguistics) Conforming to the standard variety.

Antonyms

• nonstandard, non-standard

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Noun

standard (plural standards)

1. A principle or example or measure used for comparison.
   1. A level of quality or attainment.
   2. Something used as a measure for comparative evaluations; a model.
      • 1712, Jonathan Swift, A Proposal For Correcting, Improving, and Ascertaining the English Tongue

        the court, which used to be the standard of propriety and correctness of speech

      • 1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France

        A disposition to preserve, and an ability to improve, taken together, would be my standard of a statesman.

   3. A musical work of established popularity.
   4. A rule or set of rules or requirements which are widely agreed upon or imposed by government.
   5. The proportion of weights of fine metal and alloy established for coinage.
      • 1727, John Arbuthnot, Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures. Explain'd and exemplify'd in several dissertations

        By the present standard of the coinage, sixty-two shillings is coined out of one pound weight of silver.

   6. A bottle of wine containing 0.750 liters of fluid.
   7. (India) Grade level in primary education.

2. A vertical pole with something at its apex.
   1. An object supported in an upright position, such as a lamp standard.
   2. The flag or ensign carried by a military unit.

      • His armies, in the following day, / On those fair plains their standards proud display.

   3. One of the upright members that supports the horizontal axis of a transit or theodolite.
   4. Any upright support, such as one of the poles of a scaffold.
   5. A tree of natural size supported by its own stem, and not dwarfed by grafting on the stock of a smaller species nor trained upon a wall or trellis.
   6. The sheth of a plough.
3. A manual transmission vehicle.
4. (botany) The upper petal or banner of a papilionaceous corolla.
5. (shipbuilding) An inverted knee timber placed upon the deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which lies horizontally.
6. A large drinking cup.
7. (sociolinguistics) standard idiom, a prestigious or standardized language variety; standard language

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Translations

Interjection

standard

1. (slang) An expression of agreement

References

Anagrams

• Randstad, sand dart

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?standart]

Noun

standard m

1. standard

Related terms

See also

• norma
• m??ítko

Further reading

• standard in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• standard in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

From English standard.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?stan?dar?t/, [?sd?an?d????d?]
• Homophone: standart

Noun

standard c (singular definite standarden, plural indefinite standarder)

1. standard

Inflection

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English standard.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st??.da?/

Noun

standard m (plural standards)

1. standard
2. switchboard

Adjective

standard (feminine singular standarde, masculine plural standards, feminine plural standardes)

1. standard

Usage notes

• Often treated as invariable (with the single form standard used for masculine and feminine, singular and plural), but dictionary accounts vary.

Synonyms

• normal

References

Further reading

• “standard” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Italian

Alternative forms

• standar (misspelling)

Etymology

Borrowed from English.

Adjective

standard (invariable)

1. standard

Noun

standard m (invariable)

1. standard

Related terms

• standardizzare
• standardizzazione

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old French estandart, via English standard

Adjective

standard (singular and plural standard, comparative mer standard, superlative mest standard)

1. standard

Noun

standard m (definite singular standarden, indefinite plural standarder, definite plural standardene)

1. a standard

Derived terms

• levestandard

References

• “standard” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “standard_1” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
• “standard_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old French estandart, via English standard

Adjective

standard (singular and plural standard, comparative meir standard, superlative mest standard)

1. standard

Noun

standard m (definite singular standarden, indefinite plural standardar, definite plural standardane)

1. a standard

Derived terms

• levestandard

References

• “standard” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

From English standard, from Middle English, from Old French estandart (“gathering place, battle flag”), from Old Frankish *standhard (literally “stand firm, stand hard”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?stan.dart/

Noun

standard m inan

1. standard

Declension

Derived terms

• (noun) standaryzacja
• (adjective) standardowy

Further reading

• standard in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• standard in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

From French standard.

Noun

standard n (plural standarde)

1. standard

Declension

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?ndard/
• Hyphenation: stan?dard

Noun

stàndard m (Cyrillic spelling ?????????)

1. standard

Declension

Swedish

Noun

standard c

1. a standard, a norm

Declension

Related terms

• standardisera

See also

• standar

English

Etymology

Anglo-Norman penun, penoun, from Old French penne (“feather”) + -on diminutive suffix.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?p?n?n/
• Rhymes: -?n?n

Noun

pennon (plural pennons)

1. A thin, often triangular flag or streamer, especially as hung from the end of a lance or spear.
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queen, London: William Ponsonbie, Book 2, Canto 3, p. 227,^[2]

     Her yellow lockes crisped, like golden wyre,

     About her shoulders weren loosely shed,

     And when the winde emongst them did inspyre,

     They waued like a penon wyde dispred

     And low behinde her backe were scattered:

   • c. 1598, William Shakespeare, Henry V, Act III, Scene 5,^[3]

     Bar Harry England, that sweeps through our land

     With pennons painted in the blood of Harfleur:

   • 1820, Walter Scott, Ivanhoe, Edinburgh: Archibald Constable, 1821, Volume 1, Chapter 7, p. 103,^[4]

     […] in spite of a sort of screen intended to protect them from the wind, the flame of the torches streamed sideways into the air, like the unfurled pennon of a chieftain.

   • 1846, Herman Melville, Typee, New York: Wiley and Putnam, Part 1, Chapter 23, p. 214,^[5]

     Precisely in the middle of the quadrangle were placed perpendicularly in the ground, a hundred or more slender, fresh-cut poles, stripped of their bark, and decorated at the end with a floating pennon of white tappa;

   • 1863, Christina Rossetti, “A Royal Princess” in Isa Craig (ed.), An Offering to Lancashire, London: Emily Faithfull, p. 3,^[6]

     Vassal counts and princes follow where his pennon goes,

   • 1909, Charles Henry Ashdown, British and Foreign Arms and Armour, London: T.C. & E.C. Jack, Chapter 5, pages 65-66,^[7]

     Nearly all the Norman spears were embellished with pennons of from two to five points.

2. (nautical) A long pointed streamer or flag on a vessel.

   Synonym: pennant

   • 1631, Michael Drayton, The Battaile of Agincourt, London: William Lee, p. 21,^[8]

     [...] a ship most neatly that was lim’d,

     In all her sailes with Flags and Pennons trim’d.

   • 1780, Hannah Cowley, The Maid of Arragon, London: L. Davis et al., ^[9]

     Fair Commerce wav’d her pennons in our ports;

   • 1886, Louisa May Alcott, Jo’s Boys, Boston: Roberts Brothers, Chapter 11, p. 208,^[10]

     […] as his eye swept the horizon, clear against the rosy sky shone the white sails of a ship, so near that they could see the pennon at her mast-head and black figures moving on the deck.

3. (literary, obsolete) A wing (appendage of an animal's body enabling it to fly); any of the outermost primary feathers on a wing.

   Synonym: pinion

   • 1630, Henry Lord, A Display of Two Forraigne Sects in the East Indies, London: Francis Constable, “The Religion of the Persees,” Chapter 4, p. 16,^[11]

     […] sodainly there descended before him, as his face was bent towards the earth, an Angell, whose wings had glorious Pennons, and whose face glistered as the beames of the Sunne,

   • 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book 2, lines 933-934,^[12]

     Fluttring his pennons vain plumb down he [Satan] drops

     Ten thousand fadom deep,

   • 1751, Moses Mendez, “Summer” in The Seasons, p. 11,^[13]

     Favonius gentle skims along the Grove,

     And sheds sweet Odors from his Pennons light.

Derived terms

• pennoncel
• pennoned

Translations

References

French

Noun

pennon m (plural pennons)

1. pennon (triangular flag)
2. (nautical) pennant
3. (historical) a local urban militia in medieval Lyon

Derived terms

• pennonage