different between stake vs shaft

English

Etymology

From Middle English stake, from Old English staca (“pin, tack, stake”), from Proto-Germanic *stakô (“stake”), from Proto-Indo-European *stog-, *steg- (“stake”). Cognate with Scots stak, staik, Saterland Frisian Stak, West Frisian staak, Dutch staak, Low German Stake, Norwegian stake.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ste?k/
• Homophone: steak
• Rhymes: -e?k

Noun

stake (plural stakes)

1. A piece of wood or other material, usually long and slender, pointed at one end so as to be easily driven into the ground as a marker or a support or stay.

   We have surveyor's stakes at all four corners of this field, to mark exactly its borders.
2. (croquet) A piece of wood driven in the ground, placed in the middle of the court, that is used as the finishing point after scoring 12 hoops in croquet.
3. A stick inserted upright in a lop, eye, or mortise, at the side or end of a cart, flat car, flatbed trailer, or the like, to prevent goods from falling off.
4. (with definite article) The piece of timber to which a person condemned to death was affixed to be burned.

   Thomas Cranmer was burnt at the stake.
5. A share or interest in a business or a given situation.
6. That which is laid down as a wager; that which is staked or hazarded; a pledge.
7. A small anvil usually furnished with a tang to enter a hole in a bench top, as used by tinsmiths, blacksmiths, etc., for light work, punching hole in or cutting a work piece, or for specific forming techniques etc.
8. (Mormonism) A territorial division comprising all the Mormons (typically several thousand) in a geographical area.
   • 1910, Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge

     Every city, or stake, including a chief town and surrounding towns, has its president, with two counselors; and this president has a high council of chosen men.

Synonyms

• (croquet): peg

Derived terms

• Stakeford
• stakeholder

Related terms

• burn at the stake
• pull up stakes
• stake of Zion
• table stakes
• (wager or pledge): at stake

Translations

Verb

stake (third-person singular simple present stakes, present participle staking, simple past and past participle staked)

1. (transitive) To fasten, support, defend, or delineate with stakes.

2. (transitive) To pierce or wound with a stake.
   • 2014, A. J. Gallant, Dracula: Hearts of Stone

     “You ladies happen to notice what happened to this vampire? This just happened. Did you see who staked him?”

3. (transitive) To put at risk upon success in competition, or upon a future contingency.
4. (transitive) To provide another with money in order to engage in an activity as betting or a business venture.

Synonyms

• (put at risk): bet, hazard, wager

Derived terms

• stake a claim
• stake out

Translations

Further reading

• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “stake”, in Online Etymology Dictionary

Anagrams

• Keast, Keats, Skate, kates, ketas, skate, steak, takes, teaks

Dutch

Verb

stake

1. (archaic) singular past subjunctive of steken
2. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of staken

Anagrams

• kaste

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English staca, from Proto-Germanic *stakô.

Alternative forms

• staak, stak, stack

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?sta?k(?)/

Noun

stake (plural stakes)

1. A stake; wood put in the ground as a marker or support.
2. A fencepost; a stake used in concert to form a barrier.
3. A branch or bough; an extension of a tree.
4. A stave or stick; a cut (and often shaped) piece of wood.
5. (rare) A prickle or splint.
6. (rare) A metal bar or pole.
7. (rare) A stabbing feeling.

Derived terms

• staken
• stakyng

Descendants

• English: stake
• Scots: stak, staik

References

• “st?ke, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-12-02.

Etymology 2

From the noun.

Verb

stake

1. Alternative form of staken

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish staki, from Old Norse staki, from Proto-Germanic *stakô, from Proto-Indo-European *steg-.

Noun

stake c

1. (short for ljusstake) candlestick
2. (vulgar) erection
3. (vulgar) erect penis
4. (slang, uncountable) balls; courage, assertiveness

Declension

Related terms

• ljusstake
• adventsljusstake

Anagrams

• steka

English

Etymology

From Middle English schaft, from Old English s?eaft, from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz. Cognate with Dutch schacht, German German Schaft, Swedish skaft.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /???ft/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?æft/
• Rhymes: -??ft

Noun

shaft (plural shafts)

1. (obsolete) The entire body of a long weapon, such as an arrow.
   • c. 1343-1400,, Geoffrey Chaucer:

     His sleep, his meat, his drink, is him bereft, / That lean he wax, and dry as is a shaft.

   • c. 1515-1568,, Roger Ascham:

     A shaft hath three principal parts, the stele, the feathers, and the head.

2. The long, narrow, central body of a spear, arrow, or javelin.
3. (by extension) Anything cast or thrown as a spear or javelin.
   • c. 1608-1674,, John Milton:

     And the thunder, / Winged with red lightning and impetuous rage, / Perhaps hath spent his shafts.

   • c. 1752-1821,, Vicesimus Knox:

     Some kinds of literary pursuits […] have been attacked with all the shafts of ridicule.

4. Any long thin object, such as the handle of a tool, one of the poles between which an animal is harnessed to a vehicle, the driveshaft of a motorized vehicle with rear-wheel drive, an axle, etc.
5. A beam or ray of light.
   • 1912, Willa Cather, The Bohemian Girl:

     They were a fine company of old women, and a Dutch painter would have loved to find them there together, where the sun made bright patches on the floor and sent long, quivering shafts of gold through the dusky shade up among the rafters.

6. The main axis of a feather.

7. (lacrosse) The long narrow body of a lacrosse stick.

8. A vertical or inclined passage sunk into the earth as part of a mine

9. A vertical passage housing a lift or elevator; a liftshaft.

10. A ventilation or heating conduit; an air duct.

11. (architecture) Any column or pillar, particularly the body of a column between its capital and pedestal.
    • c. 1803-1882,, Ralph Waldo Emerson:

      Bid time and nature gently spare / The shaft we raise to thee.

12. The main cylindrical part of the penis.

13. The chamber of a blast furnace.

Usage notes

In Early Modern English, the shaft referred to the entire body of a long weapon, such that an arrow's "shaft" was composed of its "tip", "stale" or "steal", and "fletching". Palsgrave (circa 1530) glossed the French j[']empenne as "I fether a shafte, I put fethers upon a steale". Over time, the word came to be used in place of the former "stale" and lost its original meaning.

Synonyms

• stale, stail, steal, stele, steel (arrows, spears)
• (main axis of a feather): rachis
• mineshaft (vertical underground passage)

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

shaft (third-person singular simple present shafts, present participle shafting, simple past and past participle shafted)

1. (transitive, slang) To fuck over; to cause harm to, especially through deceit or treachery.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:deceive
2. (transitive) To equip with a shaft.
3. (transitive, slang) To fuck; to have sexual intercourse with.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:copulate with

   • 2018 Christian Cooke as Mickey Argyle, "Episode 2", Ordeal by Innocence (written by Sarah Phelps) 23 minutes

     Well at least I can get it up. No wonder Mary's going out of her head. Stuck with you sponging off her and not even a decent shafting for her trouble.

Translations

Anagrams

• Faths, hafts

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English s?eaft (“shaft”).

Noun

shaft

1. Alternative form of schaft (“shaft”)

Etymology 2

From Old English s?eaft (“creation”).

Noun

shaft

1. Alternative form of schaft (“creation”)