different between stain vs bruise

English

Etymology

From Middle English steinen, steynen (“to stain, colour, paint”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse steina (“to stain, colour, paint”), from steinn (“stone, mineral blue, colour, stain”), from Proto-Norse ??????? (stainaz), from Proto-Germanic *stainaz (“stone”), from Proto-Indo-European *steyh?- (“to stiffen”). Cognate with Old English st?n (“stone”). More at stone.

Replaced native Middle English wem (“spot, blemish, stain”) from Old English wem (“spot, stain”).

In some senses, influenced by unrelated Middle English disteynen (“to discolor, remove the colour from"; literally, "de-colour”), from Anglo-Norman desteindre (“to remove the colour from, bleach”), from Old French destaindre (“to remove the color from, bleach”), from des- (“dis-, de-, un-”) + teindre (“to dye”), from Latin tingo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ste?n/
• Rhymes: -e?n

Noun

stain (plural stains)

1. A discoloured spot or area.
2. A blemish on one's character or reputation.
3. A substance used to soak into a surface and colour it.
4. A reagent or dye used to stain microscope specimens so as to make some structures visible.
5. (heraldry) Any of a number of non-standard tinctures used in modern heraldry.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

stain (third-person singular simple present stains, present participle staining, simple past and past participle stained)

1. (transitive) To discolour.

   to stain the hand with dye

   armour stained with blood

2. To taint or tarnish someone's character or reputation
3. To coat a surface with a stain

   to stain wood with acids, coloured washes, paint rubbed in, etc.

   the stained glass used for church windows

4. (intransitive) To become stained; to take a stain.
5. (transitive, cytology) To treat (a microscopic specimen) with a dye, especially one that dyes specific features
6. To cause to seem inferior or soiled by comparison.

   • She stains the ripest virgins of her age.

   • c. 1591-1592, Edmund Spenser, Daphnaïda. An Elegy upon the Death of the Noble and Vertuous Douglas Howard, Daughter and Heire of Henry Lord Howard, Viscount Byndon, and Wife of Arthure Gorges Esquier

     that did all other beasts in beauty stain

Translations

Anagrams

• Astin, Insta, Saint, Santi, Sinta, Tanis, Tians, antis, insta-, saint, sat in, satin, stian, tians, tisan

Gothic

Romanization

stain

1. Romanization of ????????????????????

Gutnish

Etymology

From Old Norse steinn (“stone”), from Proto-Norse ??????? (stainaz), from Proto-Germanic *stainaz (“stone”). Cognate with English stone, German Stein, Dutch steen, Danish sten, Norwegian Bokmål sten, Norwegian Nynorsk stein, Swedish sten, Faroese steinur, West Frisian stien, Low German Steen. Ultimately from Pre-Germanic *stoyh?nos, o-grade from Proto-Indo-European *steyh?- (“to stiffen”).

Noun

stain m

1. stone, rock, as material or individual piece of rock or pebble

Middle English

Adjective

stain

1. Alternative form of stonen

Westrobothnian

Etymology

From Old Norse steinn (“stone”), from Proto-Norse ??????? (stainaz), from Proto-Germanic *stainaz (“stone”). Cognate with English stone, German Stein, Dutch steen, Danish sten, Norwegian Bokmål sten, Norwegian Nynorsk stein, Swedish sten, Faroese steinur, West Frisian stien, Low German Steen. Ultimately from Pre-Germanic *stoyh?nos, o-grade from Proto-Indo-European *steyh?- (“to stiffen”).

Noun

stain m

1. stone, rock, as material or individual piece of rock or pebble

Alternative forms

• stäin
• stejn

English

Alternative forms

• bruize (obsolete)
• brise (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English bruisen, brusen, brosen, brisen, bresen, from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *b?rews- (“to break”):

• Old English br?san, br?esan (“to bruise; crush”), from Proto-Germanic *brausijan?, *br?sijan? (“to break; crumble; crack”). Provided the word's sense.
• Anglo-Norman bruiser, bruser (“to break, smash, shatter”), from Gaulish *brus-, from Proto-Celtic *bruseti (“to break”). Provided the word's form.

Cognate with Scots brizz, German brausen (“to roar; boom; pound”), Old English brosnian (“to crumble, fall apart”), Dutch broos (“brittle”), German Brosame (“crumb”), dialectal Norwegian brøysk (“breakable”), Latin frustum (“bit, scrap”), Old Church Slavonic ???????? (br?snuti, “to rake”), Albanian breshër (“hail”).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) enPR: bro?oz, IPA^(key): /b?u?z/
• Homophone: brews
• Rhymes: -u?z

Verb

bruise (third-person singular simple present bruises, present participle bruising, simple past and past participle bruised)

1. (transitive) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it.
2. (transitive) To damage the skin of (fruit or vegetables), in an analogous way.
3. (intransitive) Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly.

   Bananas bruise easily.

4. (intransitive) To become bruised.

   I bruise easily.

5. (intransitive) To fight with the fists; to box.

   • Bruising was considered a fine, manly, old English custom.

6. (transitive) To impair (gin) by shaking rather than stirring.

Derived terms

• bruiser
• bruising

Translations

Noun

bruise (plural bruises)

1. A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow.
2. A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface.

Synonyms

• (medical): ecchymosis, contusion (technical term)
• See also Thesaurus:injury

Translations

Anagrams

• Uribes, buries, busier, rubies

Dutch

Verb

bruise

1. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of bruisen

Irish

Noun

bruise f sg

1. genitive singular of bruis (“brush; pubic hair”)

Mutation

References

• "bruise" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.