different between sphere vs arena

English

Alternative forms

• sphære (archaic)
• sphear (archaic)
• spheare (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English spere, from Old French sphere, from Late Latin sph?ra, earlier Latin sphaera (“ball, globe, celestial sphere”), from Ancient Greek ?????? (sphaîra, “ball, globe”), of unknown origin. Not related to superficially similar Persian ????? (sepehr, “sky”) (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /sf??/
• (US) enPR: sfîr, IPA^(key): /sf??/
• Rhymes: -??(r)

Noun

sphere (plural spheres)

1. (mathematics) A regular three-dimensional object in which every cross-section is a circle; the figure described by the revolution of a circle about its diameter [from 14th c.].
2. A spherical physical object; a globe or ball. [from 14th c.]
   • 2011, Piers Sellers, The Guardian, 6 July:

     So your orientation changes a little bit but it sinks in that the world is a sphere, and you're going around it, sometimes under it, sideways, or over it.

3. (astronomy, now rare) The apparent outer limit of space; the edge of the heavens, imagined as a hollow globe within which celestial bodies appear to be embedded. [from 14th c.]
   • 1635, John Donne, "His parting form her":

     Though cold and darkness longer hang somewhere, / Yet Phoebus equally lights all the Sphere.

4. (historical, astronomy, mythology) Any of the concentric hollow transparent globes formerly believed to rotate around the Earth, and which carried the heavenly bodies; there were originally believed to be eight, and later nine and ten; friction between them was thought to cause a harmonious sound (the music of the spheres). [from 14th c.]
   • , vol.1, p.153:

     It is more simplicitie to teach our children […] [t]he knowledge of the starres, and the motion of the eighth spheare, before their owne.

   • 1646, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, I.6:

     They understood not the motion of the eighth sphear from West to East, and so conceived the longitude of the Stars invariable.

5. (mythology) An area of activity for a planet; or by extension, an area of influence for a god, hero etc. [from 14th c.]
6. (figuratively) The region in which something or someone is active; one's province, domain. [from 17th c.]
   • 1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, I.20:

     They thought – originally on grounds derived from religion – that each thing or person had its or his proper sphere, to overstep which is ‘unjust’.

7. (geometry) The set of all points in three-dimensional Euclidean space (or n-dimensional space, in topology) that are a fixed distance from a fixed point [from 20th c.].
8. (logic) The extension of a general conception, or the totality of the individuals or species to which it may be applied.

Synonyms

• (object): ball, globe, orb
• (region of activity): area, domain, field, orbit, sector
• (in geometry): 3-sphere (geometry), 2-sphere (topology)
• (astronomy: apparent surface of the heavens): See celestial sphere
• (astronomy: anything visible on the apparent surface of the heavens): See celestial body

Derived terms

• blogosphere
• ensphere
• sphere of influence
• sphere of interest

Related terms

• atmosphere
• hemisphere
• ionosphere
• planisphere
• spherical
• spheroid
• stratosphere
• troposphere

Translations

Verb

sphere (third-person singular simple present spheres, present participle sphering, simple past and past participle sphered)

1. (transitive) To place in a sphere, or among the spheres; to ensphere.
2. (transitive) To make round or spherical; to perfect.

See also

• ball (in topology)
• Mathworld article on the sphere
• PlanetMath article on the sphere

Anagrams

• Hesper, herpes, pesher, pheers

Middle French

Alternative forms

• sphaere
• spere

Noun

sphere f (plural spheres)

1. sphere (shape)

Descendants

• French: sphère

Old French

Alternative forms

• espere
• esphere
• spere

Noun

sphere f (oblique plural spheres, nominative singular sphere, nominative plural spheres)

1. sphere (shape)

Descendants

• English: sphere
• French: sphère

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (sphere, supplement)

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ar?na (“sand, arena”), from an earlier *has?na (compare Sabine fas?na), possibly from Etruscan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???i?n?/
• Rhymes: -i?n?

Noun

arena (plural arenas or arenae or arenæ)

1. An enclosed area, often outdoor, for the presentation of sporting events (sports arena) or other spectacular events; earthen area, often oval, specifically for rodeos (North America) or circular area for bullfights (especially Hispanic America).

2. The building housing such an area; specifically, a very large, often round building, often topped with a dome, designated for indoor sporting or other major events, such as concerts.

3. (historical) The sand-covered centre of an amphitheatre where contests were held in Ancient Rome.

4. A realm in which events take place; an area of interest, study, behaviour, etc.

Translations

Anagrams

• Aaren, Arean, Arnea, anear

Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin ar?na.

Noun

arena f (plural arenas)

1. sand

References

• Bal Palazios, Santiago (2002) , “arena”, in Dizionario breu de a luenga aragonesa, Zaragoza, ?ISBN

Asturian

Alternative forms

• areña

Etymology

From Latin ar?na.

Noun

arena f (plural arenes)

1. sand

Derived terms

• reló d'arena

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin ar?na.

Noun

arena f (plural arenes)

1. sand

   Synonym: sorra

2. arena (an enclosed area for the presentation of sporting events)
3. arena (a realm in which important events unfold)

Further reading

• “arena” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “arena” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “arena” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “arena” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

From Latin ar?na. Doublet of area.

Noun

arena f (plural arenas)

1. arena (an enclosed area for the presentation of sporting events)

Further reading

• “arena” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

Italian

Alternative forms

• rena

Etymology

From Latin ar?na, possibly from Etruscan. See also rena.

Pronunciation

• (esp. in sense 1 and 2) IPA^(key): /a?re.na/
  • Hyphenation: a?ré?na
• (esp. in sense 3 and 4) IPA^(key): /a?r?.na/
  • Hyphenation: a?rè?na

Noun

arena f (plural arene)

1. sand

   Synonyms: sabbia, rena

2. beach or lido
3. space in a classical amphitheatre; arena
4. bullring and similar sporting spaces
5. cockpit (An enclosure for cockfights)

Related terms

• arenoso

References

Latin

Alternative forms

• har?na

Etymology

From an earlier *has?na (compare Sabine fas?na), possibly from Etruscan.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /a?re?.na/, [ä??e?nä]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /a?re.na/, [?????n?]

Noun

ar?na f (genitive ar?nae); first declension

1. Alternative form of har?na

Declension

First-declension noun.

Descendants

• Eastern Romance:
  • Aromanian: arinã
  • Romanian: arin?
• Italian: arena
• Neapolitan: arena
• Old French: areine
• Old Leonese:
  • Asturian: arena
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: arena
  • Occitan: arena
• Old Portuguese: ar?a
  • Galician: area
  • Portuguese: areia
    • Guinea-Bissau Creole: reia
    • Kabuverdianu: areia
• Old Spanish:
  • Spanish: arena
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: rene
• Sardinian: arena, rena
• Sicilian: arena, rina
• Venetian: rena

Borrowings

Noun

ar?na f

1. vocative singular of ar?na

Noun

ar?n? f

1. ablative singular of ar?na

References

• arena in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• arena in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• arena in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• arena in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Neapolitan

Etymology

From Latin ar?na.

Noun

arena f

1. sand

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

arena

1. arena

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002-2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages?^[1], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin arena, harena.

Noun

arena m (definite singular arenaen, indefinite plural arenaer, definite plural arenaene)

1. an arena
2. a venue

References

• “arena” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin arena, harena

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??re?n?/

Noun

arena m (definite singular arenaen, indefinite plural arenaer or arenaar, definite plural arenaene or arenaane)

1. an arena
2. a venue

References

• “arena” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

From Latin ar?na, from an earlier *has?na, possibly from Etruscan.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a?r?.na/

Noun

arena f

1. arena (enclosed area, often outdoor)
2. (historical) arena (sand-covered centre of an amphitheatre)
3. arena (realm in which important events unfold)

Declension

Derived terms

• (adjective) arenowy

Further reading

• arena in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• arena in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin ar?na (“sand”), possibly from Etruscan *???????????????????????? (*hasena). See also the inherited doublet areia.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /?.??e.n?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /a.??e.na/

Noun

arena f (plural arenas)

1. arena

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin arena.

Noun

arena f

1. sand

Scots

Verb

arena

1. aren't

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ar??na/
• Hyphenation: a?re?na

Noun

aréna f (Cyrillic spelling ??????)

1. arena

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin ar?na, possibly of Etruscan origin. Compare English arena.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a??ena/, [a??e.na]
• Rhymes: -ena

Noun

arena f (plural arenas)

1. (geology) sand, gravel

2. (building, sports) bullfight arena; boxing ring

Derived terms

Related terms

• arenoso

Further reading

• “arena” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Swedish

Noun

arena c

1. arena

Declension

Anagrams

• arean