different between spell vs cycle

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: sp?l, IPA^(key): /sp?l/
• Rhymes: -?l

Etymology 1

From Middle English spell, spel, from Old English spell (“news, story”), from Proto-Germanic *spell? (“speech, account, tale”), from Proto-Indo-European *spel- (“to tell”). Cognate with dialectal German Spill, Icelandic spjall (“discussion, talk”), spjalla (“to discuss, to talk”), guðspjall (“gospel”) and Albanian fjalë (“word”).

Noun

spell (plural spells)

1. Words or a formula supposed to have magical powers. [from 16th c.]

   Synonyms: cantrip, incantation

2. A magical effect or influence induced by an incantation or formula. [from 16th c.]

   Synonym: cantrip
3. (obsolete) Speech, discourse. [8th–15th c.]

Derived terms

• byspel
• spellbind
• spellbound
• spellwork

Translations

Verb

spell (third-person singular simple present spells, present participle spelling, simple past and past participle spelled)

1. To put under the influence of a spell; to affect by a spell; to bewitch; to fascinate; to charm.
   • 1647, George Buck, The History and Life and Reigne of Richard the Third, London, Book 4, p. 116,^[1]

     […] although the Kings Jealousie was thus particular to her, his Affection was as general to others […] Above all, for a time he was much speld with Elianor Talbot […]

   • 1697, John Dryden (translator), Georgics, Book 3 in The Works of Virgil, London: Jacob Tonson, p. 109, lines 444-446,^[2]

     This, gather’d in the Planetary Hour,

     With noxious Weeds, and spell’d with Words of pow’r

     Dire Stepdames in the Magick Bowl infuse;

   • 1817, John Keats, “To a Friend who sent me some Roses” in Poems, London: C. & J. Ollier, p. 83,^[3]

     But when, O Wells! thy roses came to me

     My sense with their deliciousness was spell’d:

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English spellen, from Anglo-Norman espeler, espeleir, Old French espeller, espeler (compare Modern French épeler), from Frankish *spel?n, merged with native Old English spellian (“to tell, speak”), both eventually from Proto-Germanic *spell?n? (“to speak”). Related with etymology 1. The sense “indicate a future event” probably in part a backformation from forespell (literally “to tell in advance”).

Verb

spell (third-person singular simple present spells, present participle spelling, simple past and past participle spelled or (mostly UK) spelt)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To read (something) as though letter by letter; to peruse slowly or with effort. [from 14th c.]
   • 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick:

     "He'll do," said Bildad, eyeing me, and then went on spelling away at his book in a mumbling tone quite audible.

2. (transitive, sometimes with “out”) To write or say the letters that form a word or part of a word. [from 16th c.]
3. (intransitive) To be able to write or say the letters that form words.

4. (transitive) Of letters: to compose (a word). [from 19th c.]
5. (transitive, figuratively, with “out”) To clarify; to explain in detail. [from 20th c.]
   • 2003, U.S. Senator Ben Nighthorse Campbel, Hearing before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, ?ISBN:

     When we get elected, for instance, we get one of these, and we are pretty much told what is in it, and it is our responsibility to read it and understand it, and if we do not, the Ethics Committee, we can call them any time of day and ask them to spell it out for us […]

6. (transitive) To indicate that (some event) will occur. [from 19th c.]

7. To constitute; to measure.

   • the Saxon heptarchy, when seven kings put together did spell but one in effect

8. (obsolete) To speak, to declaim. [9th-16th c.]
   • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, I.ii:

     O who can tell / The hidden power of herbes, and might of Magicke spell?

9. (obsolete) To tell; to relate; to teach.
   • 1770, Thomas Warton, “Ode on the Approach of Summer” in A Collection of Poems in Four Volumes, London: G. Pearch, Volume 1, p. 278,^[5]

     As thro’ the caverns dim I wind,

     Might I that legend find,

     By fairies spelt in mystic rhymes,

Derived terms

• fingerspell
• forespell
• speller
• spelling
• spello
• spell out
• spell trouble

Synonyms

• (to indicate that some event will occur): forebode; mean; signify
• (to work in place of someone else): relieve
• (to compose a word): (informal) comprise

Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English spelen, from Old English spelian (“to represent, take or stand in the place of another, act as a representative of another”), akin to Middle English spale (“a rest or break”), Old English spala (“representative, substitute”).

Verb

spell (third-person singular simple present spells, present participle spelling, simple past and past participle spelled or spelt)

1. (transitive) To work in place of (someone).

   to spell the helmsman

2. (transitive) To rest (someone or something), to give someone or something a rest or break.

   They spelled the horses and rested in the shade of some trees near a brook.

3. (intransitive, colloquial) To rest from work for a time.

Derived terms

• spell off

Translations

Noun

spell (plural spells)

1. A shift (of work); (rare) a set of workers responsible for a specific turn of labour. [from 16th c.]
2. (informal) A definite period (of work or other activity). [from 18th c.]
3. (colloquial) An indefinite period of time (usually with a qualifier); by extension, a relatively short distance. [from 18th c.]
4. A period of rest; time off. [from 19th c.]
5. (colloquial, US) A period of illness, or sudden interval of bad spirits, disease etc. [from 19th c.]
6. (cricket) An uninterrupted series of alternate overs bowled by a single bowler. [from 20th c.]

Derived terms

• cold spell
• dry spell
• set a spell

Descendants

• ? Welsh: sbel

Translations

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:spell.

Etymology 4

Origin uncertain; perhaps a form of speld.

Noun

spell (plural spells)

1. (dialectal) A splinter, usually of wood; a spelk.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Holland to this entry?)

2. The wooden bat in the game of trap ball, or knurr and spell.

Anagrams

• Pells, pells

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sp?tl/

Noun

spell n (genitive singular spels, plural spell)

1. pity, shame
   • stór spell

     big shame

   • tað var spell

     it was a pity

   • spell var í honum

     it was too bad for him

Declension

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From the verb spelle

Noun

spell n (definite singular spellet, indefinite plural spell, definite plural spella or spellene)

1. Alternative form of spill

See also

• spel (Nynorsk)

Etymology 2

Verb

spell

1. imperative of spelle

Old English

Alternative forms

• spel

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *spell.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /spell/, [spe?]

Noun

spell n

1. story
   • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans

2. news
   • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans

3. prose or a work of prose
   • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy

Declension

Antonyms

• l?oþ (“poem”)
• l?oþcræft (“poetry”)

Derived terms

• b?spell
• godspell
• spellian

Descendants

• Middle English: spell, spel
  • English: spell

References

• “spell” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

English

Etymology

From Middle English cicle (“fixed length period of years”), from Late Latin cyclus, from Ancient Greek ?????? (kúklos, “circle”), from Proto-Indo-European *k?ék?los (“circle, wheel”). Doublet of wheel; see there for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?sa?k?l/
• Rhymes: -a?k?l

Noun

cycle (plural cycles)

1. An interval of space or time in which one set of events or phenomena is completed.
   • 1795, Edmund Burke, Thoughts and Details on Scarcity

     Wages […] bear a full proportion […] to the medium of provision during the last bad cycle of twenty years.

2. A complete rotation of anything.
3. A process that returns to its beginning and then repeats itself in the same sequence.
4. The members of the sequence formed by such a process.
5. (music) In musical set theory, an interval cycle is the set of pitch classes resulting from repeatedly applying the same interval class to the starting pitch class.

6. A series of poems, songs or other works of art, typically longer than a trilogy.

7. A programme on a washing machine, dishwasher, or other such device.

8. A pedal-powered vehicle, such as a unicycle, bicycle, or tricycle, or a motorized vehicle that has either two or three wheels.

   Hyponyms: motorbike, motorcycle, unicycle, bicycle, tricycle, motortrike

9. (baseball) A single, a double, a triple, and a home run hit by the same player in the same game.

10. (graph theory) A closed walk or path, with or without repeated vertices allowed.
11. (topology, algebraic topology) A chain whose boundary is zero.
12. An imaginary circle or orbit in the heavens; one of the celestial spheres.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Burke to this entry?)

13. An age; a long period of time.
    • 1842, Alfred Tennyson, Locksley Hall

      Better fifty years of Europe than a cycle of Cathay.

14. An orderly list for a given time; a calendar.
15. (botany) One entire round in a circle or a spire.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Gray to this entry?)

16. (weaponry) A discharge of a taser.
    • 2014, R.T. Wyant, Thomas Burns, Risk Management of Less Lethal Options, CRC Press (?ISBN), page 211:

      Officers have made the mistake of applying many Taser cycles, expecting the suspect to relent.

17. (aviation) One take-off and landing of an aircraft, referring to a pressurisation cycle which places stresses on the fuselage.

Usage notes

• (baseball sense): As in the example sentence, one is usually said to hit for the cycle. However, other uses also occur, such as hit a cycle and complete the cycle.

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ???? (saikuru)

Translations

Verb

cycle (third-person singular simple present cycles, present participle cycling, simple past and past participle cycled)

1. To ride a bicycle or other cycle.
2. To go through a cycle or to put through a cycle.
3. (electronics) To turn power off and back on

   Avoid cycling the device unnecessarily.

4. (ice hockey) To maintain a team's possession of the puck in the offensive zone by handling and passing the puck in a loop from the boards near the goal up the side boards and passing to back to the boards near the goal

   They have their cycling game going tonight.

Related terms

• recycle

Translations

Anagrams

• leccy

French

Etymology

From Middle French, from Late Latin cyclus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sikl/

Noun

cycle m (plural cycles)

1. cycle
2. (Switzerland) middle school, junior high school

Derived terms

• cycle de l'eau
• cycle du carbone

Further reading

• “cycle” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Latin

Noun

cycle

1. vocative singular of cyclus