different between species vs differentia

English

Etymology

From Latin speci?s (“appearance; quality”), from speci? (“see”) + -i?s suffix signifying abstract noun. Doublet of spice

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?spi??i?z/, /?spi?si?z/. Some speakers pronounce the singular with -?z, the plural with -i?z.

Noun

species (plural species or (rare, nonstandard) specieses)

1. Type or kind. (Compare race.)
   • 1871, Richard Holt Hutton, Essays, Theological and Literary

     What is called spiritualism should, I think, be called a mental species of materialism.
   1. A group of plants or animals having similar appearance.
   2. (biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below genus; a taxon at that rank.
      • 1859, Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species:

        Hence, in determining whether a form should be ranked as a species or a variety, the opinion of naturalists having sound judgment and wide experience seems the only guide to follow.
   3. (chemistry, physics) A particular type of atom, molecule, ion or other particle.
   4. (mineralogy) A mineral with a unique chemical formula whose crystals belong to a unique crystallographic system.
2. An image, an appearance, a spectacle.
   1. (obsolete) The image of something cast on a surface, or reflected from a surface, or refracted through a lens or telescope; a reflection.

   2. Visible or perceptible presentation; appearance; something perceived.

      • Wit, […] the faculty of imagination in the writer, which searches over all the memory for the species or ideas of those things which it designs to represent.

      • the species of the letters illuminated with indigo and violet

   3. A public spectacle or exhibition.

      (Can we find and add a quotation of Francis Bacon to this entry?)

3. (Christianity) Either of the two elements of the Eucharist after they have been consecrated.
4. Coin, or coined silver, gold, or other metal, used as a circulating medium; specie.
   • 1727, John Arbuthnot, Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights and Measures

     There was, in the splendour of the Roman empire, a less quantity of current species in Europe than there is now.

5. A component part of compound medicine; a simple.
6. An officinal mixture or compound powder of any kind; especially, one used for making an aromatic tea or tisane; a tea mixture.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Thomas de Quincey to this entry?)

Usage notes

• species is its own plural; specie is a separate word that means coin money.
• (biology, taxonomy): See species name, binomial nomenclature.

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

• race
• (taxonomy, rank):
  • domain
  • kingdom
  • phylum/division
  • class
  • order
  • family
  • genus
  • superspecies
  • species
    • subspecies, form
    • (botany, horticulture): variety, cultivar

References

• John A. Simpson and Edward S. C. Weiner, editors (1989) , “species”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ?ISBN

Noun

species

1. plural of specie

Dutch

Pronunciation

Noun

species

1. Plural form of specie

Synonyms

• speciën

Latin

Etymology

From speci? (“see”) + -i?s suffix signifying abstract noun.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?spe.ki.e?s/, [?s?p?kie?s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?spe.t??i.es/, [?sp??t??i?s]

Noun

speci?s f (genitive speci??); fifth declension

1. a seeing, view, look
2. a spectacle, sight
3. external appearance, looks; general outline or shape
4. semblance, pretence, pretext, outward show
5. show, display
6. (figuratively) vision, dream, apparition
7. (figuratively) honor, reputation
8. (figuratively) a kind, quality, type
9. (law, later) a special case

Declension

Fifth-declension noun.

Derived terms

• speci?tim

Descendants

References

• species in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• species in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• species in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.

English

Etymology

From Latin differentia. Doublet of difference.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /d?f????n???/

Noun

differentia (plural differentiae)

1. (semantics, logic, taxonomy) A distinguishing feature which marks a species off from other members of the same genus.
   • 1902, William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience, Folio Society 2008, p. 38:

     That character, it seems to me, should be regarded as the practically important differentia of religion for our purpose.

   • 2017, Kory Stamper, Word By Word, Vintage 2018, p. 116:

     In the case of a word like “surfboard,” the differentiae seem pretty clear. How is this board different from all other boards?

See also

• criterion
• definiendum

Interlingua

Noun

differentia (plural differentias)

1. difference

Latin

Etymology

From differ? (“I am different”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /dif.fe?ren.ti.a/, [d??f?????n?t?iä]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /dif.fe?ren.t?si.a/, [d?if?????nt??s?i?]

Noun

differentia f (genitive differentiae); first declension

1. difference
2. diversity

Declension

First-declension noun.

Descendants

Participle

differentia

1. nominative neuter plural of differ?ns
2. accusative neuter plural of differ?ns
3. vocative neuter plural of differ?ns

References

• differentia in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• differentia in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• differentia in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• differentia in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette