different between spare vs fresh

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?sp??(?)/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?sp???/
• Rhymes: -??(?)

Etymology 1

From Middle English spare, spar, from Old English spær (“sparing, scant”), from Proto-Germanic *sparaz (compare with Dutch spaar(zaam), German spar(sam) and spär(lich), Swedish spar(sam), Icelandic sparr (“sparing”)), from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (compare Latin (pro)sperus (“lucky”), Old Church Slavonic ????? (spor?, “plentiful”), Albanian shperr (“earn money”), Persian ????? (sep?r, “entrust; deposit”), Ancient Greek ??????? (sparnós, “rare”), Sanskrit ????? (sphirá, “thick”)).

Adjective

spare (comparative sparer, superlative sparest)

1. Scant; not abundant or plentiful.

   a spare diet
2. Sparing; frugal; parsimonious; not spending much money.
   • 1602, Richard Carew, Survey of Cornwall

     He was spare, […] but discreet of speech.
3. Being more than what is necessary, or what must be used or reserved; not wanted, or not used; superfluous.

   I have no spare time.
4. Held in reserve, to be used in an emergency.

   a spare anchor; a spare wheel or tyre

5. Not occupied or in current use.
6. Lean; lacking flesh; meager; thin; gaunt.
8. (Britain, informal) Very angry; frustrated or distraught.

   When he found out that someone had broken the window, he went spare.

   The poor girl is going spare, stuck in the house all day with the kids like that.

   • 2006, Tate Hallaway, Tall, Dark & Dead:

     “That'll drive him spare.”
9. (obsolete, Britain, dialect) Slow.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Grose to this entry?)

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Welsh: sbâr

Translations

Noun

spare (plural spares)

1. The act of sparing; moderation; restraint.
   • 1600, Philemon Holland, The Romane Historie

     men slaine, then without any spare at all they trampled over the dead carkasses

2. Parsimony; frugal use.
3. An opening in a petticoat or gown; a placket.
4. That which has not been used or expended.
5. A spare part, especially a spare tire.
6. A superfluous or second-best person, specially (in a dynastic context) in the phrase "An heir and a spare".
7. (bowling) The right of bowling again at a full set of pins, after having knocked all the pins down in less than three bowls. If all the pins are knocked down in one bowl it is a double spare; in two bowls, a single spare.
8. (bowling) The act of knocking down all remaining pins in second ball of a frame; this entitles the pins knocked down on the next ball to be added to the score for that frame.
9. (Canada) A free period; a block of school during which one does not have a class.

Etymology 2

From Middle English sparen, sparien, from Old English sparian (“to spare, show mercy to, refrain from injuring or destroying”), from Proto-Germanic *spar?n?, *spar?n? (“to save, keep, spare”), from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to be productive, earn”). Cognate with Scots spar, spare, spair (“to spare”), West Frisian sparje (“to save, spare”), Dutch sparen (“to save, spare”), German sparen (“to save, conserve, economise”), Swedish spara (“to save, save up”), Icelandic spara (“to save, conserve”).

Verb

spare (third-person singular simple present spares, present participle sparing, simple past and past participle spared)

1. To show mercy.
   1. (intransitive) To desist; to stop; to refrain.
   2. (intransitive) To refrain from inflicting harm; to use mercy or forbearance.
   3. (transitive) To preserve from danger or punishment; to forbear to punish, injure, or harm; to show mercy.
      • 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island

        Kill me, if you please, or spare me.
2. To keep.
   1. (intransitive) To be frugal; not to be profuse; to live frugally; to be parsimonious.
   2. (transitive) To keep to oneself; to forbear to impart or give.
   3. (transitive) To save or gain, as by frugality; to reserve, as from some occupation, use, or duty.
3. (transitive) (to give up): To deprive oneself of, as by being frugal; to do without; to dispense with; to give up; to part with.
   • a. 1779, Earl of Roscommon, “The Twenty-second Ode of the First Book of Horace”:

     Where angry Jove did never spare / One breath of kind and temperate air.

   • c. 1597, William Shakespeare, The History of Henry the Fourth (Part 1), Act V, scene iv:

     Poor Jack, farewell! / I could have better spared a better man

Descendants

• ? Welsh: sbario

Translations

Anagrams

• Asper, Earps, Pears, Peras, RESPA, Rapes, Spear, Spera, apers, apres, après, aprés, as per, asper, pares, parse, pears, prase, presa, præs., rapes, reaps, sarpe, spear

Danish

Etymology 1

From English spare. Related to the following verb.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sp??r/, [?sb????], [?sb?æ??]

Noun

spare c (singular definite sparen, plural indefinite spare or spares)

1. (bowling) spare (the act of knocking down all remaining pins in second ball of a frame)

Inflection

References

• “spare,1” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 2

From Old Norse spara, from Proto-Germanic *spar?n?, cognate with Swedish spara, English spare, German sparen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /spa?r?/, [?sb????]
• Homophones: sparer, sparre, sparrer

Verb

spare (past tense sparede, past participle sparet)

1. to save
2. to spare
3. to economize
4. to save up

Inflection

References

• “spare,2” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

Verb

spare

1. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of sparen

French

Etymology 1

From Latin sparus

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /spa?/

Noun

spare m (plural spares)

1. A fish of the superorder Acanthopterygii

Etymology 2

From English spare

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sp??/

Noun

spare m (plural spares)

1. (bowling) a spare.

Related terms

• strike

German

Verb

spare

1. inflection of sparen:
   1. first-person singular present
   2. first/third-person singular subjunctive I
   3. singular imperative

Italian

Verb

spare

1. third-person singular present indicative of sparere

Anagrams

• aspre, parse, persa, presa, saper, spera

Latin

Noun

spare

1. vocative singular of sparus

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

spare

1. Alternative form of sparre

Etymology 2

Verb

spare

1. Alternative form of sparren (“to close”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse spara

Verb

spare (imperative spar, present tense sparer, passive spares, simple past sparte, past participle spart, present participle sparende)

1. to save

Derived terms

• sparebank

References

• “spare” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /f???/
• Rhymes: -??

Etymology 1

From Middle English fressh, from Old English fersc (“fresh, pure, sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *frisk (“fresh”), from Proto-Germanic *friskaz (“fresh”), from Proto-Indo-European *preysk- (“fresh”).

Cognate with Scots fresch (“fresh”), West Frisian farsk (“fresh”), Dutch vers (“fresh”), Walloon frexh (“fresh”), German frisch (“fresh”), French frais (“fresh”), Norwegian and Danish frisk (“fresh”), fersk, Icelandic ferskur (“fresh”), Lithuanian pr?skas (“unflavoured, tasteless, fresh”), Russian ???????? (présnyj, “sweet, fresh, unleavened, tasteless”). Doublet of fresco.

Slang sense possibly shortened form of “fresh out the pack”, 1980s routine by Grand Wizzard Theodore.

Adjective

fresh (comparative fresher, superlative freshest)

1. Newly produced or obtained; recent.

2. (of food) Not cooked, dried, frozen, or spoiled.

   Antonym: stale

3. (of plant material) Still green and not dried.

4. Invigoratingly cool and refreshing.

   Synonym: cool

5. (of water) Without salt; not saline.

   Antonym: saline

   • a. 1628, Sir Francis Drake (?), The World Encompassed, Nicholas Bourne (publisher, 1628), page 49:

   • 1820, William Scoresby, An Account of the Arctic Regions, Archibald Constable & Co., page 230:

   • 2009, Adele Pillitteri, Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Sixth Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, ?ISBN, page 1557:

6. Rested; not tired or fatigued.

   Synonym: rested

   Antonym: tired

   • Before the match, Hodgson had expressed the hope that his players would be fresh rather than rusty after an 18-day break from league commitments because of two successive postponements.

7. In a raw or untried state; uncultured; unpracticed.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:inexperienced

8. Youthful; florid.
9. (slang) Good, fashionable.

   Synonyms: cool, fashionable
10. (archaic, slang) Tipsy; drunk.
    • 1840, Parliamentary Papers (volume 9, page 43)

      How long did Mr. Crisp stay with you?—He might have stayed two hours; he stayed some time after; he drank ale and got fresh.

Derived terms

Translations

Adverb

fresh (not comparable)

1. recently; just recently; most recently

   We are fresh out of milk.

Noun

fresh (plural freshes)

1. A rush of water, along a river or onto the land; a flood.
   • 1834, David Crockett, A Narrative of the Life of David Crockett (Nebraska, 1987), page 21:

     They went on very well with their work until it was nigh done, when there came the second epistle to Noah's fresh, and away went their mill, shot, lock, and barrel.

2. A stream or spring of fresh water.
   • c. 1610-11, William Shakespeare, The Tempest, Act III, Scene ii^[4]:

     […] And take his bottle from him. / When that's gone, / He shall drink naught but brine, for I'll not show him / Where the quick freshes are.

3. The mingling of fresh water with salt in rivers or bays, as by means of a flood of fresh water flowing toward or into the sea.

Verb

fresh (third-person singular simple present freshes, present participle freshing, simple past and past participle freshed)

1. (commercial fishing) To pack (fish) loosely on ice.
2. To flood or dilute an area of salt water with flowing fresh water.
3. (of wind) To become stronger.
4. To rebore the barrel of a rifle or shotgun.
5. To update.
6. To freshen up.
7. To renew.
8. (of a dairy cow) to give birth to a calf.

References

Etymology 2

1848, US slang, probably from German frech (“impudent, cheeky, insolent”), from Middle High German vrech (“bold, brave, lively”), from Old High German freh (“greedy, eager, avaricious, covetous”), from Proto-Germanic *frekaz (“greedy, outrageous, courageous, capable, active”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pereg- (“to be quick, twitch, sprinkle, splash”). Cognate with Old English frec (“greedy; eager, bold, daring; dangerous”) and Danish fræk (“naughty”). More at freak.

Adjective

fresh (comparative fresher, superlative freshest)

1. Rude, cheeky, or inappropriate; presumptuous; disrespectful; forward.

2. Sexually aggressive or forward; prone to caress too eagerly; overly flirtatious.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:cheeky

Derived terms

Translations

Anagrams

• Fehrs