different between sour vs rigid

English

Alternative forms

• sower, sowre (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English sour, from Old English s?r (“sour”), from Proto-West Germanic *s?r, from Proto-Germanic *s?raz (“sour”), from Proto-Indo-European *súHros (“sour”). Cognate with West Frisian soer, Dutch zuur (“sour”), Low German suur, German sauer (“sour”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian sur, French sur (“sour”), Faroese súrur (“sour”), Icelandic súr (“sour, bitter”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /?sa?(?)?/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?sa??/
• Rhymes: -a??(?)
• Rhymes: -a?.?(?)

Adjective

sour (comparative sourer, superlative sourest)

1. Having an acidic, sharp or tangy taste.
   • 2018 May 16, Adam Rogers, Wired, "The Fundamental Nihilism of Yanny vs. Laurel":

     A few types of molecules get sensed by receptors on the tongue. Protons coming off of acids ping receptors for "sour." Sugars get received as "sweet." Bitter, salty, and the proteinaceous flavor umami all set off their own neural cascades.

2. Made rancid by fermentation, etc.

3. Tasting or smelling rancid.

4. (of a person's character) Peevish or bad-tempered.
5. (of soil) Excessively acidic and thus infertile.

6. (of petroleum) Containing excess sulfur.

7. Unfortunate or unfavorable.
8. (music) Off-pitch, out of tune.

Antonyms

• (petroleum): sweet

Derived terms

• go sour
• sourly
• sourness

Translations

Noun

sour (countable and uncountable, plural sours)

1. The sensation of a sour taste.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

2. A drink made with whiskey, lemon or lime juice and sugar.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

3. (by extension) Any cocktail containing lemon or lime juice.
4. A sour or acid substance; whatever produces a painful effect.
5. The acidic solution used in souring fabric.

Derived terms

• laundry sour

Translations

Verb

sour (third-person singular simple present sours, present participle souring, simple past and past participle soured)

1. (transitive) To make sour.

2. (intransitive) To become sour.
   • 1720, Jonathan Swift, To Stella, on transcribing my Poems

     So the sun's heat, with different powers, / Ripens the grape, the liquor sours.

3. (transitive) To spoil or mar; to make disenchanted.
   • He was prudent and industrious, and so good a husbandman, that he might have led a very easy and comfortable life, had not an arrant vixen of a wife soured his domestic quiet.

4. (intransitive) To become disenchanted.

5. (transitive) To make (soil) cold and unproductive.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Mortimer to this entry?)

6. To macerate (lime) and render it fit for plaster or mortar.
7. (transitive) To process (fabric) after bleaching, using hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid to wash out the lime.

Derived terms

• besour
• unsour

Translations

Anagrams

• Ruso, ours

French

Adjective

sour (feminine singular soure, masculine plural sours, feminine plural soures)

1. (nonstandard) Alternative form of sûr

Preposition

sour

1. (nonstandard) Alternative form of sur

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English s?r

Alternative forms

• sower, soure, sowre

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /su?r/

Adjective

sour

1. sour, acidic, bitter
2. foul-smelling, rancid
3. fermented, curdled
4. unpleasant, unattractive

Descendants

• English: sour
• Scots: sour

Etymology 2

From Old French essorer.

Verb

sour

1. Alternative form of soren (“to soar”)

Romansch

Alternative forms

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sora

Etymology

From Latin soror, from Proto-Indo-European *swés?r.

Noun

sour f (plural sours)

1. (Puter, Vallader) sister

Coordinate terms

• (in terms of gender):
  • (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) frar
  • (Puter) frer

English

Etymology

From Middle English rigide, from Latin rigidus (“stiff”), from rige? (“I am stiff”). Compare rigor. Merged with Middle English rigged, rygged, rugged (“upright like a spine, rigid”, literally “ridged”), from ridge +? -ed.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???d??d/
• Rhymes: -?d??d

Adjective

rigid (comparative rigider or more rigid, superlative rigidest or most rigid)

1. Stiff, rather than flexible.

   Synonym: inflexible

   Antonym: flexible

2. Fixed, rather than moving.
   • 2011, David Foster Wallace, The Pale King,Penguin Books, page 5:

     A sunflower, four more, one bowed, and horses in the distance standing rigid and still as toys.

   Antonym: moving

3. Rigorous and unbending.
4. Uncompromising.

   Antonym: compromising

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Noun

rigid (plural rigids)

1. (aviation) An airship whose shape is maintained solely by an internal and/or external rigid structural framework, without using internal gas pressure to stiffen the vehicle (the lifting gas is at atmospheric pressure); typically also equipped with multiple redundant gasbags, unlike other types of airship.

2. A bicycle with no suspension system.

Synonyms

(airship):

• Zeppelin (broad sense)

Hyponyms

(airship):

• Zeppelin (narrow sense)

Hypernyms

(airship):

• dirigible

Coordinate terms

(airship):

• nonrigid
• semirigid

References

• rigid in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• rigid in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Old Irish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *regeti (“to stretch”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to straighten, right oneself”).

Verb

rigid (conjunct ·reig or ·raig)

1. to stretch, to distend
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 20^a23

Inflection

Derived terms

Descendants

• Middle Irish: rigid
  • Irish: righ (“to stretch”)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Celtic *rigeti (“bind”), from Proto-Indo-European *rey?- (“to bind, reach”).

Verb

rigid (conjunct ·rig)

1. to rule, direct
   • c. 700, Críth Gablach, published in Críth Gablach (1941, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited by Daniel Anthony Binchy, §30

   • c. 800-840, Orthanach, A Chóicid chóem Chairpri chrúaid from the Book of Leinster, LL line 6094

Derived terms

Descendants

• Middle Irish: rigid

References

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “1 rigid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language (both etymologies)
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “2 rigid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language (as root of derivatives of Etymology 2)

Romanian

Etymology

From French rigide.

Adjective

rigid m or n (feminine singular rigid?, masculine plural rigizi, feminine and neuter plural rigide)

1. rigid

Declension

Related terms

• rigiditate