different between shock vs start

English

Alternative forms

• choque (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /??k/
• (US) IPA^(key): /??k/
• Rhymes: -?k, -?k

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle French choquer (“to collide with, clash”), from Old Dutch *skokkan (“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkan? (“to move, shake, tremble”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skakan? (“to shake, stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kAg'-, *(s)keg- (“to shake, stir”); see shake. Cognate with Middle Low German schocken (“collide with, deliver a blow to, move back and forth”), Old High German scoc (“a jolt, swing”), Middle High German schocken (“to swing”) (German schaukeln), Old Norse skykkr (“vibration, surging motion”), Icelandic skykkjun (“tremulously”), Middle English schiggen (“to shake”). More at shog.

Noun

shock (countable and uncountable, plural shocks)

1. A sudden, heavy impact.
   1. (figuratively) Something so surprising that it is stunning.
   2. A sudden or violent mental or emotional disturbance.
   3. (medicine) Electric shock, a sudden burst of electrical energy hitting a person or animal.
   4. (medicine) Circulatory shock, a medical emergency characterized by the inability of the circulatory system to supply enough oxygen to meet tissue requirements.
   5. (physics) A shock wave.

2. (mathematics) A discontinuity arising in the solution of a partial differential equation.

Synonyms

See Thesaurus:surprise

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ???? (shokku)
• ? Korean: ?? (syokeu)

Translations

Verb

shock (third-person singular simple present shocks, present participle shocking, simple past and past participle shocked)

1. (transitive) To cause to be emotionally shocked, to cause (someone) to feel surprised and upset.

2. (transitive) To give an electric shock to.
3. (obsolete, intransitive) To meet with a shock; to collide in a violent encounter.
   • 1832, Thomas De Quincey, Klosterheim Or, the Masque

     They saw the moment approach when the two parties would shock together.

Translations

References

• John A. Simpson and Edward S. C. Weiner, editors (1989) , “shock”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ?ISBN

Etymology 2

Variant of shag.

Noun

shock (plural shocks)

1. An arrangement of sheaves for drying; a stook.
   • 1557, Thomas Tusser, Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry

     Cause it on shocks to be by and by set.

   • Behind the master walks, builds up the shocks.

2. (commerce, dated) A lot consisting of sixty pieces; a term applied in some Baltic ports to loose goods.
3. (by extension) A tuft or bunch of something, such as hair or grass.

   His head boasted a shock of sandy hair.

4. (obsolete) A small dog with long shaggy hair, especially a poodle or spitz; a shaggy lapdog.
   • 1827 Thomas Carlyle, The Fair-Haired Eckbert

     When I read of witty persons, I could not figure them but like the little shock. (translating the German Spitz)

Verb

shock (third-person singular simple present shocks, present participle shocking, simple past and past participle shocked)

1. (transitive) To collect, or make up, into a shock or shocks; to stook.

Anagrams

• Kosch, hocks

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from English shock.

Noun

shock m (invariable)

1. shock (medical; violent or unexpected event)

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English shock.

Noun

shock m (plural shocks)

1. shock

Derived terms

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /st??t/
• (General American) enPR: stärt, IPA^(key): /st??t/
• Rhymes: -??(?)t

Etymology 1

From Middle English stert, from the verb sterten (“to start, startle”). See below.

Noun

start (plural starts)

1. The beginning of an activity.

   The movie was entertaining from start to finish.
2. A sudden involuntary movement.

   He woke with a start.

   • 1885, Robert Louis Stevenson, Olalla

     The sight of his scared face, his starts and pallors and sudden harkenings, unstrung me […]

3. The beginning point of a race, a board game, etc.

   Captured pieces are returned to the start of the board.

4. An appearance in a sports game, horserace, etc., from the beginning of the event.

   Jones has been a substitute before, but made his first start for the team last Sunday.
5. (horticulture) A young plant germinated in a pot to be transplanted later.
   • 2009, Liz Primeau, Steven A. Frowine, Gardening Basics For Canadians For Dummies

     You generally see nursery starts at garden centres in mid to late spring. Small annual plants are generally sold in four-packs or larger packs, with each cell holding a single young plant.

6. An initial advantage over somebody else; a head start.

   to get, or have, the start

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? German: Start

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.

Verb

start (third-person singular simple present starts, present participle starting, simple past and past participle started)

1. (transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.
   1. To set in motion.
      • April 2, 1716, Joseph Addison, Freeholder No. 30

        I was some years ago engaged in conversation with a fashionable French Abbe, upon a subject which the people of that kingdom love to start in discourse.
   2. To begin.
   4. To initiate operation of a vehicle or machine.

   5. To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion).
   6. To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent.
      • 1674, William Temple, letter to The Countess of Essex

        Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.

2. (intransitive) To begin an activity.
3. (intransitive) To have its origin (at), begin.

4. To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.
   1. (intransitive) To jerk suddenly in surprise.
      • I start as from some dreadful dream.

      • 1725, Isaac Watts, Logick, or The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry After Truth With a Variety of Rules to Guard

        Keep your soul to the work when it is ready to start aside.

      • 1855, Robert Browning, “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came”, XXXI:

        [...] The tempest's mocking elf / Points to the shipman thus the unseen shelf / He strikes on, only when the timbers start.

   2. (intransitive) To awaken suddenly.
   3. (transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly.
      • c. 1603, William Shakespeare, Othello, Act I, Scene i^[2]:

        [...]Upon malicious bravery dost thou come / To start my quiet?

   4. (transitive) To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate.
      • 1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgical Treatises

        One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternon.

5. (intransitive) To break away, to come loose.
6. (transitive, sports) To put into play.
   • 2010, Brian Glanville, The Story of the World Cup: The Essential Companion to South Africa 2010, London: Faber and Faber, ?ISBN, page 361:

     The charge against Zagallo then is not so much that he started Ronaldo, but that when it should surely have been clear that the player was in no fit state to take part he kept him on.

7. (transitive, nautical) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from.

8. (intransitive, euphemistic) To start one's periods (menstruation).

Usage notes

• In uses 1.1 and 1.2 this is a catenative verb that takes the infinitive (to) or the gerund (-ing) form. There is no change in meaning.
• For more information, see Appendix:English catenative verbs

Antonyms

• stop
• end

Derived terms

• astart
• start-up
• starter

Descendants

• ? Dutch: starten
• ? German: starten
• ? Norman: stèrter
• ? French: starter
• ? Icelandic: starta
• ? Faroese: starta
• ? Norwegian Bokmål: starte
• ? Norwegian Nynorsk: starta
• ? Swedish: starta
• ? Danish: starte
• ? Slovak: štartova?

Translations

See also

Etymology 3

From Middle English stert, start, from Old English steort, stert, from Proto-Germanic *stertaz (“tail”). Cognate with Dutch staart (“tail”), German Sterz (“tail, handle”), Swedish stjärt (“tail, arse”).

Noun

start (plural starts)

1. A tail, or anything projecting like a tail.
2. A handle, especially that of a plough.
3. The curved or inclined front and bottom of a water wheel bucket.
4. The arm, or level, of a gin, drawn around by a horse.

Derived terms

1. redstart

Anagrams

• Strat, Tarts, strat, tarts

Breton

Adjective

start

1. firm, strong
2. difficult

Derived terms

• startijenn

Further reading

• Herve Ar Bihan, Colloquial Breton, pages 16 and 268: define "start" as "hard, difficult, firm"

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Noun

start

1. start

Declension

References

• Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajins?ko-kryms?kotatars?kyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]?^[3], Simferopol: Dolya, ?ISBN

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?start]

Noun

start m

1. start (beginning point of a race)

Declension

Related terms

• p?ipravit se, pozor, start

See also

• cíl m

Further reading

• start in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• start in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Noun

start c (singular definite starten, plural indefinite starter)

1. start

Inflection

Verb

start

1. imperative of starte

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?rt/
• Hyphenation: start
• Rhymes: -?rt

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English start.

Noun

start m (plural starts, diminutive startje n)

1. start

Derived terms

• pikstart
• startbaan
• starten
• startpunt

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

start

1. first-, second- and third-person singular present indicative of starten
2. imperative of starten

German

Verb

start

1. singular imperative of starten

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English start.

Noun

start m (definite singular starten, indefinite plural starter, definite plural startene)

1. a start

Derived terms

• omstart
• startsted

Etymology 2

Verb

start

1. imperative of starte

References

• “start” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?rt/

Noun

start m (definite singular starten, indefinite plural startar, definite plural startane)

1. a start (beginning)

Verb

start

1. imperative of starta

Derived terms

• omstart

References

• “start” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /start/

Noun

start m inan

1. (sports) start (the beginning of a race)
2. (aviation) takeoff

   Z niecierpliwo?ci? czeka?am na start samolotu do Pary?a.

   I was impatiently waiting for the plane to Paris to take off. (=for its take-off)

3. participation

   Wi?kszo?? kibiców ucieszy?a si?, ?e zdecydowa? si? on na start w zawodach.

   Most fans were happy to hear that he had decided to take part in the competition.

Declension

Derived terms

• startowa? (“to start”, verb)
• startowy (“tarting, take-off”, adjective)
• falstart m (“false start”, noun)

Further reading

• start in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

Noun

start c

1. a start; a beginning (of a race)
2. the starting (of an engine)

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

• starta
• starter
• startare

References

• start in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Anagrams

• ratts, trast

Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sta?t]
• Hyphenation: start

Noun

start (definite accusative start?, plural startlar)

1. start

Usage notes

As Turks are generally not easily spelling consonants at the beginning of a syllable, this word may often be spelled as [s?ta?t].

Declension

Antonyms

• fini?