different between shock vs repel

English

Alternative forms

• choque (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /??k/
• (US) IPA^(key): /??k/
• Rhymes: -?k, -?k

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle French choquer (“to collide with, clash”), from Old Dutch *skokkan (“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkan? (“to move, shake, tremble”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skakan? (“to shake, stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kAg'-, *(s)keg- (“to shake, stir”); see shake. Cognate with Middle Low German schocken (“collide with, deliver a blow to, move back and forth”), Old High German scoc (“a jolt, swing”), Middle High German schocken (“to swing”) (German schaukeln), Old Norse skykkr (“vibration, surging motion”), Icelandic skykkjun (“tremulously”), Middle English schiggen (“to shake”). More at shog.

Noun

shock (countable and uncountable, plural shocks)

1. A sudden, heavy impact.
   1. (figuratively) Something so surprising that it is stunning.
   2. A sudden or violent mental or emotional disturbance.
   3. (medicine) Electric shock, a sudden burst of electrical energy hitting a person or animal.
   4. (medicine) Circulatory shock, a medical emergency characterized by the inability of the circulatory system to supply enough oxygen to meet tissue requirements.
   5. (physics) A shock wave.

2. (mathematics) A discontinuity arising in the solution of a partial differential equation.

Synonyms

See Thesaurus:surprise

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ???? (shokku)
• ? Korean: ?? (syokeu)

Translations

Verb

shock (third-person singular simple present shocks, present participle shocking, simple past and past participle shocked)

1. (transitive) To cause to be emotionally shocked, to cause (someone) to feel surprised and upset.

2. (transitive) To give an electric shock to.
3. (obsolete, intransitive) To meet with a shock; to collide in a violent encounter.
   • 1832, Thomas De Quincey, Klosterheim Or, the Masque

     They saw the moment approach when the two parties would shock together.

Translations

References

• John A. Simpson and Edward S. C. Weiner, editors (1989) , “shock”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ?ISBN

Etymology 2

Variant of shag.

Noun

shock (plural shocks)

1. An arrangement of sheaves for drying; a stook.
   • 1557, Thomas Tusser, Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry

     Cause it on shocks to be by and by set.

   • Behind the master walks, builds up the shocks.

2. (commerce, dated) A lot consisting of sixty pieces; a term applied in some Baltic ports to loose goods.
3. (by extension) A tuft or bunch of something, such as hair or grass.

   His head boasted a shock of sandy hair.

4. (obsolete) A small dog with long shaggy hair, especially a poodle or spitz; a shaggy lapdog.
   • 1827 Thomas Carlyle, The Fair-Haired Eckbert

     When I read of witty persons, I could not figure them but like the little shock. (translating the German Spitz)

Verb

shock (third-person singular simple present shocks, present participle shocking, simple past and past participle shocked)

1. (transitive) To collect, or make up, into a shock or shocks; to stook.

Anagrams

• Kosch, hocks

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from English shock.

Noun

shock m (invariable)

1. shock (medical; violent or unexpected event)

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English shock.

Noun

shock m (plural shocks)

1. shock

Derived terms

English

Etymology

From Middle English repellen, a borrowing from Old French *repeller, from Latin repellere (“to drive back”), from re- (“back”) + pellere (“to drive”). Doublet of repeal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???p?l/

Verb

repel (third-person singular simple present repels, present participle repelling, simple past and past participle repelled)

1. (transitive, now rare) To turn (someone) away from a privilege, right, job, etc. [from 15th c.]
2. (transitive) To reject, put off (a request, demand etc.). [from 15th c.]
3. (transitive) To ward off (a malignant influence, attack etc.). [from 15th c.]
4. (transitive) To drive back (an assailant, advancing force etc.). [from 15th c.]
   • 2011, Ian Traynor, The Guardian, 19 May 2011:

     In nearby Zintan, rebels repelled an advance by Gaddafi's forces, killing eight and taking one prisoner, a local activist said.

5. (transitive, physics) To force away by means of a repulsive force. [from 17th c.]
6. (transitive) To cause repulsion or dislike in; to disgust. [from 18th c.]
   • 2008, The Guardian, 26 Jan 2008:

     However, while the idea of a free holiday appeals enormously, I am frankly repelled by the idea of spending a couple of weeks in your company.

7. (transitive, sports) To save (a shot).

Synonyms

• (nonstandard, rare) withdrive

Antonyms

• attract

Related terms

• repulse
• repulsion
• repulsive
• repellent

Translations

Further reading

• repel in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• repel in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• repel at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• Epler, Lepre, leper