different between scratch vs damage
scratch
English
Etymology
From Middle English scracchen, of uncertain origin. Probably a blend of Middle English scratten (“to scratch”) and cracchen (“to scratch”). More at scrat and cratch.
Pronunciation
- enPR: skr?ch, IPA(key): /sk?æt?/
- Rhymes: -æt?
Verb
scratch (third-person singular simple present scratches, present participle scratching, simple past and past participle scratched)
- To rub a surface with a sharp object, especially by a living creature to remove itching with nails, claws, etc.
- 1733, Jonathan Swift, On Poetry, a Rhapsody
- Be mindful, when invention fails, / To scratch your head, and bite your nails.
- 1733, Jonathan Swift, On Poetry, a Rhapsody
- To rub the skin with rough material causing a sensation of irritation; to cause itching.
- For a man, when kissing someone, to irritate the skin of that person with one's unshaven beard.
- To mark a surface with a sharp object, thereby leaving a scratch (noun).
- To cross out, strike out, strike through some text on a page.
- Hence, to remove, ignore or delete.
- Hence, to remove, ignore or delete.
- (music) To produce a distinctive sound on a turntable by moving a vinyl record back and forth while manipulating the crossfader (see also scratching).
- (billiards) To commit a foul in pool, as where the cue ball is put into a pocket or jumps off the table.
- (billiards, dated, US) To score, not by skillful play but by some fortunate chance of the game.
- To write or draw hastily or awkwardly; scrawl.
- (transitive, intransitive) To dig or excavate with the claws.
- To dig or scrape (a person's skin) with claws or fingernails in self-defense or with the intention to injure.
Synonyms
- scrattle
Derived terms
Translations
Noun
scratch (countable and uncountable, plural scratches)
- A disruption, mark or shallow cut on a surface made by scratching.
- 1677-1684, Joseph Moxon, Mechanick Exercises
- The coarse file […] makes deep scratches in the work.
- 1709, Matthew Prior, Henry and Emma, line 503
- These nails with scratches deform my breast.
- 1677-1684, Joseph Moxon, Mechanick Exercises
- An act of scratching the skin to alleviate an itch or irritation.
- (sports)
- A starting line (originally and simply, a line scratched in the ground), as in boxing.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Grose to this entry?)
- A technical error of touching or surpassing the starting mark prior to the official start signal in the sporting events of long jump, discus, hammer throw, shot put, and similar. Originally the starting mark was a scratch on the ground but is now a board or precisely indicated mark.
- (cycling) The last riders to depart in a handicap race.
- (billiards) An aberration.
- A foul in pool, as where the cue ball is put into a pocket or jumps off the table.
- (archaic, US, slang) A shot which scores by chance and not as intended by the player; a fluke.
- (horse racing) A horse withdrawn from a race prior to the start.
- A starting line (originally and simply, a line scratched in the ground), as in boxing.
- (slang) Money.
- 2006, Clive James, North Face of Soho, Picador 2007, p. 153:
- He and Bruce cooked up a script together, and Bruce flew home to raise the scratch.
- 2006, Clive James, North Face of Soho, Picador 2007, p. 153:
- A feed, usually a mixture of a few common grains, given to chickens.
- (in the plural) Minute, but tender and troublesome, excoriations, covered with scabs, upon the heels of horses which have been used where it is very wet or muddy.
- 1887, James Law, The Farmer's Veterinary Adviser
- These are exemplified in the scurfy, scaly affections which appear in the bend of the knee (mallenders) and hock (sallenders) and on the lower parts of the limbs, by scratches, and by a scaly exfoliation […].
- 1887, James Law, The Farmer's Veterinary Adviser
- (now historical) A scratch wig.
- 1775, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, 26 March:
- [H]e turned to him with a dejected Face, and said ‘ – pray Sir, – could you touch up This a little?’ taking hold of his frightful scratch.
- 1775, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, 26 March:
- (music) A genre of Virgin Islander music, better known as fungi.
Synonyms
- (Virgin Islander music): fungi, quelbe
Derived terms
Translations
Adjective
scratch (not comparable)
- For or consisting of preliminary or tentative, incomplete, etc. work.
- Hastily assembled, arranged or constructed, from whatever materials are to hand, with little or no preparation
- 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford 2004, p. 740:
- Bluecoats began crossing the James on June 14 and next day two corps approached Petersburg, which was held by Beauregard with a scratch force of 2,500.
- 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford 2004, p. 740:
- (computing, from scratchpad) Relating to a data structure or recording medium attached to a machine for testing or temporary use.
- (sports) (of a player) Of a standard high enough to play without a handicap, i.e. to compete without the benefit of a variation in scoring based on ability.
Derived terms
- scratch sheet
References
- Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “scratch”, in Online Etymology Dictionary
- The Jargon File - Scratch
French
Etymology
From English scratch.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sk?at?/
Noun
scratch m (plural scratchs)
- Velcro
Synonyms
- velcro
Italian
Etymology
From English scratch.
Noun
scratch m (invariable)
- (music) scratch
Spanish
Etymology
From English scratch.
Noun
scratch m (plural scratchs)
- (music) scratch
scratch From the web:
- what scratch off wins the most
- what scratch off wins the most in sc
- what scratch off wins the most in pa
- what scratches glass
- what scratch off wins the most in michigan
- what scratch off wins the most in tn
- what scratch offs to buy
- what scratches quartz
damage
English
Etymology
From Middle English damage, from Old French damage (Modern French dommage), from Vulgar Latin *damnaticum from Classical Latin damnum.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?dæm?d?/
- Rhymes: -æm?d?
- Hyphenation: dam?age
Noun
damage (countable and uncountable, plural damages)
- Injury or harm; the condition or measure of something not being intact.
- The storm did a lot of damage to the area.
- 1625, Francis Bacon, Of Friendship
- Great errors and absurdities many {{..}}commit for want of a friend to tell them of them, to the great damage both of their fame and fortune.
- (slang) Cost or expense.
- "What's the damage?" he asked the waiter.
Usage notes
Currently it is only used as an uncountable noun, except in the plural. There are few examples of countable (singular) use.
Related terms
- damn
- indemnity
Translations
Verb
damage (third-person singular simple present damages, present participle damaging, simple past and past participle damaged)
- (transitive) To impair the soundness, goodness, or value of; to harm or cause destruction.
- Be careful not to damage any of the fragile items while unpacking them.
- Cold temperatures, heavy rain, falling rocks, strong winds and glacier movement can damage the equipment.
- 1774, Edward Long, The History of Jamaica. Or, General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of that Island, volume 2, book 2, chapter 7, 5:
- The building was erected in two years, at the parochial expence, on the foundation of the former one, which was irreparably damaged by the hurricane of Augu?t, 1712.
- (transitive, obsolete) To undergo damage.
Derived terms
- undamaged
Translations
References
Middle English
Alternative forms
- dampnage, dammage, domage, damege
Etymology
From Old French damage, from Vulgar Latin *damnaticum.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dam?a?d?(?)/, /d?m?a?d?(?)/, /?damad?(?)/
Noun
damage (plural damages)
- damage, harm, injury
- loss (of reputation, etc.)
- (rare) disability, weakness
- (law, often in the plural) damages (compensation for loss)
Related terms
- damagen
Descendants
- English: damage
- Scots: dammish
References
- “dam??e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Old French
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *damnaticum from Classical Latin damnum. Cognate with Old Occitan damnatge.
Noun
damage m (oblique plural damages, nominative singular damages, nominative plural damage)
- damage
- injury, hurt, insult
Related terms
- damagier
Descendants
- French: dommage
- Norman: dommage
- ? Middle English: damage, dampnage, dammage, domage, damege
- English: damage
- Scots: dammish
- ? Irish: damáiste
- ? Sicilian: damaggiu
damage From the web:
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- what damage do hurricanes cause
- what damages the liver
- what damages the ozone layer
- what damage do tornadoes cause
- what damage can a tornado cause
- what damage was done to the capitol
- what damage does a tsunami cause
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